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Capsicum annuum L.

English Name Long Pepper,
Latin name Capsicum annuum L.
Family & Genus Solanaceae, Capsicum
Description Annual or rooted perennial herbs, 40-80cm tall. Simple leaves alternate, nodes at the top of branches not extended, binate or clustered; blades oblong-oval, oval or oval-lanceolate, 4-13cm long, 1.5-4cm wide, entire, apex acute, base gradually narrow. Flowers solitary, drooping; calyx cup-shaped, not prominent 5 teeth; corolla white, lobes oval; stamens 5; pistil 1, ovary superior, 2 chambers, a few with 3 chambers, style linear. Berries long finger-like, apex acuminate and often curved, green when immature, red, orange or purple after maturation, taste spicy. Seeds numerous, flat-reniform, light yellow. Flowering and fruiting: May to November.
Distribution Biological nature: warm, cold and frost vulnerable, avoiding high temperature and solarization, preferring humid but waterlogging-vulnerable, and is fertilizer-tolerant. Cultivated in most parts of China. The medicinal materials are mainly produced in most parts of China.
Part Used Medical part: stems, leaves and fruits. Chinese name: Lajiaojing, Lajiaye and Lajiatou.
Harvest & Processing Collected green pepper when fruits grow in full size and turn dense, pericarp firm and glossy; collected all mature fruits for dried pepper. Can make into salted chili, clear sauce chili, shrimp sauce chili. Dry pepper can make into dry products.
Chemistry Fruits contain various alkaloids, such as capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, nordihydrocapsaicin, homocapsaicin and homodihydrocapsaicin, etc.
Pharmacology Having effect on digestive system; antibacterial, kill parasites; rubefacient; having effect on circulatory system.
Properties & Actions Pungent, hot.Warming inside, dispelling cold; bring down qi and promoting digestion.
Indications & Usage Treating gastric cold and qi stagnancy, gastric and abdominal swelling pain, vomiting, dysentery, rheumatalgia, frostbite.Internal: made as pills or powders, 1-3g. External: appropriate amount, decocted for fumigating or triturated for application.
Examples 1. Treat dysentery and diarrhea: Long pepper 1. Grind into powder and prepare pills, wrap with hot beancurd skin in morning, swallow.
2. Treat malaria: Long pepper seeds, 1 for each year, and 20 at the most, 3 times a day, swallow with boiled water, and take consecutively for 3-5 days.
3. Treat frostbite: strip peels of Long pepper and paste.

Permanent URL:https://sys01.lib.hkbu.edu.hk/cmed/mpid/detail.php?herb_id=D00478