Phytochemical Image Database

Name	Glycyrrhizin
Appearance	White powder
CAS No.	1405-86-3
Formulae
Molecular Weight	822.93

Natural Resources

Bioactivities

Identification

Melting point

220°C

Optical rotation

[α]¹⁷_D+46.2 (c, 1.5 in EtOH)

¹HNMR

¹³CNMR

Analytical Method

INSTRUMENT	20 × 10 cm, precoated with silica gel 60 F254 TLC plates (E. Merck) (0.2 mm thickness) with aluminum sheet support
MOBILE PHASE	Ethyl acetate: methanol: acetic acid: water = 4: 0.5: 0.5: 1; v/v/v/v
DETECTION	UV λ254 nm

INSTRUMENT	Knauer HPLC system: Well Chrom K-2500 detector, Well Chrom K-501 pump, and Knauer degasser (Knauer Wissenschaftliche Gerätebau, Berlin, Germany), equipped with EuroChrom^® 2000 Basic Edition software, version 2.05
COLUMN	Chromolith^® Performance RP-1 endcapped column, 4.6 × 100 mm (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany)
MOBILE PHASE	A: distilled water with 0.1% TFA, B: 100% acetonitrile with 0.1% TFA : 0-1 min 100% A, 1-2 min 100-40% A, 2-4 min 40% A, 4-4.5 min 40-30% A, 4.5-6 min 30% A, 6-6.5 min 30-100% A, 6.5-10 min 100% A
DETECTION	UV λ250 nm

COLUMN	ODS-C₁₈ column, 150 × 4.6 mm, i.d., 5 µm (YMC, Japan)
MOBILE PHASE	Methanol : water : acetic acid = 70 : 25 : 5, v / v
DETECTION	UV λ254 nm

Sample Preparation

METHOD 1


	Model CCC-1000 high-speed counter-current chromatograph (Pharma-Tech Research, Baltimore, MD, USA)
	Ethyl acetate: methanol: water = 5: 2: 5 (v/v)
	1.5 mL/min
	UV λ251 nm

Reference

[1]	Isbrucker, R. A. and G. A. Burdock (2006). "Risk and safety assessment on the consumption of Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza sp.), its extract and powder as a food ingredient, with emphasis on the pharmacology and toxicology of glycyrrhizin." Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 46(3): 167-192.
[2]	Jiang, Y., et al. (2004). "Preparative purification of glycyrrhizin extracted from the root of liquorice using high-speed counter-current chromatography." Journal of Chromatography A 1033(1): 183-186.
[3]	Moro, T., et al. (2008). "Glycyrrhizin and its metabolite inhibit Smad3-mediated type I collagen gene transcription and suppress experimental murine liver fibrosis." Life Sciences 83(15–16): 531-539.
[4]	Menegazzi, M., et al. (2008). "Glycyrrhizin attenuates the development of carrageenan-induced lung injury in mice." Pharmacological Research 58(1): 22-31.
[5]	Ohnishi, M., et al. (2011). "HMGB1 inhibitor glycyrrhizin attenuates intracerebral hemorrhage-induced injury in rats." Neuropharmacology 61(5–6): 975-980.
[6]	Lin, G., et al. (1999). "The effects of pretreatment with glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid on the retrorsine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats." Toxicon 37(9): 1259-1270.
[7]	Baba, M. and S. Shigeta (1987). "Antiviral activity of glycyrrhizin against varicella-zoster virus in vitro." Antiviral Research 7(2): 99-107.
[8]	Li, X.-h., et al. (2012). "Effect of glycyrrhizin on mRNA expression of cytokines in PBMCs from non-responders to hepatitis B vaccine." Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 20(29): 2827-2831.
[9]	Tu, C.-t., et al. (2012). "Glycyrrhizin regulates CD4+T cell response during liver fibrogenesis via JNK, ERK and PI3K/AKT pathway." Int. Immunopharmacol. 14(4): 410-421.
[10]	Chen, L.-f., et al. (2013). "Effect of Compound glycyrrhizin on Th17 cell-related cytokines in patients with psoriasis vulgaris." Zhongguo Yaowu Yu Linchuang 13(2): 227-228.
[11]	Qin, X. and L. Chen (2011). "Regulatory effect of glycyrrhizin on expression of interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-β in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with alopecia areata." Zhonghua Pifuke Zazhi 44(12): 877-878.
[12]	Singh, B., et al. (2009). "HPTLC Densitometric Quantification of Glycyrrhizin, Glycyrrhetinic Acid, Apigenin, Kaempferol and Quercetin from Glycyrrhiza glabra." Chromatographia 70(11/12): 1665-1672.
[13]	Kočevar Glavač, N. and S. Kreft (2012). "Excretion profile of glycyrrhizin metabolite in human urine." Food Chemistry 131(1): 305-308.
[14]	Zhang, L., et al. (2005). "Selective depletion of glycyrrhizin from Si-Ni-San, a traditional Chinese prescription, blocks its effect on contact sensitivity in mice and recovers adhesion and metalloproteinases production of T lymphocytes." International Immunopharmacology 5(7–8): 1193-1204.

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