南天海角獅子山前: 浸會大學歷史刊物
O Southern Sea, O Lion Hill:
HKBU Historical Publications

RESEARCH REPORT
1997-98
香港浸會大學
HONG KONG BAPTIST UNIVERSITY

Cover photo:
Research in Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs)- shown here is yellow OLED bearing the University's name. It was fabricated by an undergraduate student and measures about 15 x 20 mm. Being bright, lightweight, and flexible, OLED promises to be the technology for ultra thin flat panel display (TV, computer monitor, etc.) for the next millennium.

Research Report 1997-98
Hong Kong Baptist University

Postal Address:
Hong Kong Baptist University
Kowloon Tong
Kowloon
HONG KONG
Telephone No.:	2339-7930
Fax No.:	2339-5133
E-mail address:	ar@hkbu.edu.hk
Printed by Colour Max Commercial Printing Co. Ltd.
Published by the Research Committee
Hong Kong Baptist University
The information contained in this Report is correct as at 30 June 1998

Preface	
Summary of Research Projects 1997-98	SUM-1
Information on Research Projects:	
Faculty of Arts Department of Chinese Language & Literature	2
Department of English Language & Literature	4
Language Centre	15
Department of Music & Fine Arts	18
Department of Religion & Philosophy	30
School of Business Department of Accountancy & Law	60
Department of Economics	64
Department of Finance & Decision Sciences	71
Department of Management	84
Department of Marketing	91
School of Communication Department of Communication Studies	102
Department of Journalism	108
Faculty of Science Department of Biology	114
Department of Chemistry	131
Department of Computer Science	148
Department of Mathematics	158
Department of Physics	167
Faculty of Social Sciences Department of Education Studies	180
Department of Geography	187
Department of Government & International Studies	193
Department of History	196
Department of Physical Education	205
Department of Social Work	217
Department of Sociology	225
Publications	230
Researcher Index	318
Contents

Preface
This research report contains information on research activities undertaken by academics of Hong Kong Baptist University from 1 July 1997 to 30 June 1998.
For the period covered by this report, there was a total of 430 projects which received research grants from various funding sources, the two main sources being the UGC Earmarked Research Grant and the University Faculty Research Grant. About HK$36.1 million was committed to these research projects in 1997-98. The total number of publications for 1997-98 was 1198.
In this report, research projects undertaken by academics of the University are presented by Faculty/School. A list of their publications is also given in the Report.
Herbert H. Tsang Vice-President(Research & Support Services)
Chairman, Research Committee Hong Kong Baptist University 30 June 1999

SUM-1
Summary of Research Projects 1997-98
			
FACULTY OF ARTS			
ARTS 1	A Quantified Study of the Phonological Changes in Hong Kong Cantonese	Dr CHOW, Kwok Ching Prof CHEUNG, Samuel HN	Chinese Language & Literature Chinese Language & Literature
ARTS 2	眾聲對唱的年代：香港流行樂隊歌詞(1984-1990)的文化研究 The Age of Heteroglossia: A Cultural Study of Hong Kong 'Band' Lyrics 1984-1990	Dr CHU, Yiu Wai	Chinese Language & Literature
ARTS 3	Law as/and Culture	Mr SIN, Wai Man Dr CHU, Yiu Wai	(CityU) Chinese Language & Literature
ARTS 4	韓國歷代詩話中論述中國詩歌有關資料的輯錄和整理 A Compilation and Study of Information on Chinese Poetry from Korean Sources	Prof KWONG, Kin Hung Prof CHAN, Wing Ming Dr NG, Suk Tin	Chinese Language & Literature Chinese Language & Literature Chinese Language & Literature
ARTS 5	Biography of "The Founder of Hong Kong Government Education': Frederick Stewart, LLD (1836-1889)	Dr BICKLEY, Gillian B	English Language & Literature
ARTS 6	The Life and (Educational) Work of the First Anglican Bishop of Victoria, China	Dr BICKLEY, Gillian B	English Language & Literature
ARTS 7	An Annotated Bibliography and Study Guide of Modern Chinese Translation Theories	Dr CHAU, Simon SC	English Language & Literature
ARTS 8	The Theory and Practice of Financial Translating: English to Chinese and Chinese to English	•	Dr CHAU, Simon SC Mr FAN, Chi Wai	English Language & Literature English Language & Literature
ARTS 9	A History of Translation in Hong Kong: 1842-1997	Prof CHEUNG, Martha PY	English Language & Literature
ARTS 10	The Other Hong Kong: Our Hong Kong—A Selection of Short Stories and Writings in Translation	Prof CHEUNG, Martha PY	English Language & Literature
ARTS 11	Travelling with a Bitter Melon: A Bilingual Collection of the Poems of Leung Ping Kwan	Prof CHEUNG, Martha PY	English Language & Literature

SUM-2
ARTS 12	Rethinking Translation: Between Translatability and Untranslatability	Ms FAN, Wen Mei	English Language & Literature
ARTS 13	Language Planning Agencies	Prof JERNUDD, Bjorn H	English Language & Literature
ARTS 14	Translation into English of a Collection of Zen Stories	Prof LAI, Jane CC Prof CHEUNG, Martha PY	English Language & Literature English Language & Literature
ARTS 15	The Cultural Transnationalization of Hong Kong in (Post) Transitional Period	Dr LO, Kwai Cheung	English Language & Literature
ARTS 16	Muscles and Identity—A Short History of the Masculine Body in Hong Kong Cinema	Dr LO, Kwai Cheung	English Language & Literature
ARTS 17	The Politics of Orality in Hong Kong Mass Culture	Dr LO, Kwai Cheung	English Language & Literature
ARTS 18	Transnationalization of the Local in Hong Kong Cinema of the 1990s	Dr LO, Kwai Cheung	English Language & Literature
ARTS 19	Completion of a Manuscript Titled Icons of Mortality in Shakespeare's Theatre	Dr MACKENZIE, Clayton G	English Language & Literature
ARTS 20	A Stage Play Entitled A Man of Our Times	Prof STAMBLER, Peter L	English Language & Literature
ARTS 21	On the Hong Kong Learner's Acquisition of Event-Sequencing in English	Dr TICKOO, Asha K Dr YANG, Suying Dr HUANG, Yue Yuan	English Language & Literature English Language & Literature Language Centre
ARTS 22	Landscape of the Heart: The City and the Feminine in William Faulkner's 'Artist at Home' and "Idyll in the Desert'	Dr WONG, Linda PL	English Language & Literature
ARTS 23	The Reception of WB Yeats in Modern China	Dr WONG, Linda PL	English Language & Literature
ARTS 24	The Reception of Western Fairy Tales in Modern China: A Study of Hans Christian Andersen and Oscar Wilde	Dr WONG, Linda PL	English Language & Literature
ARTS 25	The Reconstruction of Christina Rossetti in Xu Zhimo	Dr WONG, Linda PL	English Language & Literature
ARTS 26	A Reinteqjretation of Oscar Wilde's Salome in Modern China	Dr WONG, Linda PL	English Language & Literature
ARTS 27	The Study of the English Tense-Aspect Marking Patterns of University Students in Hong Kong—From the Perspective of Lexical Aspect and Discourse Analysis	Dr YANG, Suying Dr HUANG, Yue Yuan	English Language & Literature Language Centre
ARTS 28	Localism, Globalism and Opinion-Makers in Asia	Prof TAM, Kwok Kan Prof YIP, Terry SH Prof DISSANAYAKE, Wimal	(CUHK) English Language & Literature English Language & Literature

SUM，3
Summary of Research Projects 1997-98
No. Project Title
Investigators Department
ARTS 29	Self, Gender and Identity: An Anthology of Contemporary Chinese Short Stories	Prof TAM, Kwok Kan Prof YIP, Terry SH Prof DISSANAYAKE, Wimal	(CUHK) English Language & Literature English Language & Literature
ARTS 30	為香港學生製作一個以研究為基礎的簡化字敎材套 Developing a Research-Based Learning Kit on Chinese Simplified Characters for Hong Kong Students	Mr FAN, Kwok Mr CHEUNG, Yat Sun	Language Centre (Ex-faculty member, Language Centre)
ARTS 31	影響語言敎學的一些因素—從理論層面考察 Factors Affecting Language Teaching—A Theoretical Approach	Mr FAN, Kwok	Language Centre
ARTS 32	CD ROM on English Pronunciation	Dr HUNG, Tony TN Dr NG, Krates HN Mr NG, John SK	Language Centre Communication Studies Language Centre
ARTS 33	Phonology of Mainland Chinese English	Dr HUNG, Tony TN Dr DONG, Zhe Ms GUO, Liping	Language Centre (Beijing Medical University) (Beijing Medical University)
ARTS 34	A Comparative Study of Chinese Practical Writing of Hong Kong and Mainland China	Dr LU, Dan Huai	Language Centre
ARTS 35	Writing Letters with Ease: A Way to Success in Written Communication	Dr LU, Dan Huai Prof HILDEBRANDT, HW	Language Centre (University of Michigan)
ARTS 36	Ecstasy of Waters	Dr COLEMAN, Christopher B	Music & Fine Arts
ARTS 37	HKCEE Music Syllabus 1983-1997: Propaganda, Identity or Cultural Change	Dr FUNG, Victor CK Dr HO, Wai Chung	Music & Fine Arts Music & Fine Arts
ARTS 38	Music Education, Political Change and Cultural Transmission in Hong Kong and Singapore: A Comparative Study	Dr HO, Wai Chung Dr FUNG, Victor CK	Music & Fine Arts Music & Fine Arts
ARTS 39	Political Transition and Politicization of Hong Kong Secondary Music Education	Dr HO, Wai Chung	Music & Fine Arts
ARTS 40	Conducting Performance of Cantatas by JS Bach	Mr HOBERMAN, Jerome	Music & Fine Arts

SUM-4
ARTS 41	Conducting Performance of Choral/Orchestral Works by Mozart and Stravinsky	Mr HOBERMAN, Jerome	Music & Fine Arts
ARTS 42	Conducting Performance of Tn C by Terry Riley	Mr HOBERMAN, Jerome Dr KEYES, Christopher J	Music & Fine Arts Music & Fine Arts
ARTS 43	Conducting Performance of Missa Solemnis by Ludwig van Beethoven	Mr HOBERMAN, Jerome	Music & Fine Arts
ARTS 44	Conducting Performance of Works by Auber, Mascagni and Mozart	Mr HOBERMAN, Jerome	Music & Fine Arts
ARTS 45	Conducting Performance of Works by Chabrier, David, Grieg, MacDowell, Mendelssohn and Saint-Saens	Mr HOBERMAN, Jerome Ms CHAU, Wing Kam Ms KAN, Jowie CW Ms LI, Cheung Ms YAU, So Han	Music & Fine Arts Music & Fine Arts Music & Fine Arts Music & Fine Arts Music & Fine Arts
ARTS 46	A Digital Archive of Chinese Instrument Sound Samples and Li Jiang Etudes for Computer-Generated Tape	Dr KEYES, Christopher J Dr CHEN, John KP	Music & Fine Arts Music & Fine Arts
ARTS 47	A Hurried Darkness, an Original Composition for Trombone and Piano	Dr KEYES, Christopher J	Music & Fine Arts
ARTS 48	Improvisations #3, an Original Composition for Guzheng (Chinese Zither) and Real-Time Digital Signal Processing	Dr KEYES, Christopher J	Music & Fine Arts
ARTS 49	Pittsburgh Music: A Concert Performance	Dr KEYES, Christopher J	Music & Fine Arts
ARTS 50	Realisation and Digital Formatting of the Original Composition Of  Wood, Spring, and Bamboo: Variations for Harpsichord on the Chinese Melody beautiful Spring'	Dr KEYES, Christopher J	Music & Fine Arts
ARTS 51	Criteria for Effective Teaching of Chinese Music in Hong Kong Tertiary Institutions	Dr LAM, Ching Wah	Music & Fine Arts
ARTS 52	The Notion of Music Education in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Birth of School Songs in China	Dr LAM, Ching Wah	Music & Fine Arts
ARTS 53	Conducting Performance in the International Choral Competition CANTO SUL GARDA, Italy	Mr Ryan, Michael J	Music & Fine Arts
ARTS 54	Conducting Performance in the International Choral Competition ‘3. Internationale Chortage', Pohlheim, Germany	Mr Ryan, Michael J	Music & Fine Arts
ARTS 55	Analysis and Performance of Chopin's Preludes for Piano, Op. 28	Dr YIH, Annie KP	Music & Fine Arts
ARTS 56	Analyzing Debussy: Tonality, Sets and the RPSC	Dr YIH, Annie KP	Music & Fine Arts

SUM-5
No.	Project Title	Investigators	Department
ARTS 57	An English Translation of Traite Complei de la Theorie et de la Pratique de l'Harmonie (1844), livre troisieme, 'de la tonalite, et de la modulation dans l,harmonie, by Franqois-Joseph Fetis, with a Modicum of Commentary	Dr YIH, Annie KP	Music & Fine Arts
ARTS 58	Enhancing Performance through Schenkerian Analysis: Phrase Rhythm in Nos. 3 and 4 of Chopin's Preludes, Op. 28	Dr YIH, Annie KP	Music & Fine Arts
ARTS 59	A Schenkerian-Based Comprehensive Musicianship Ear-Training Workbook Series Dr YIH, Annie KP (with cassette tapes)		Music & Fine Arts
ARTS 60	A Comparative Approach to Moral Education	Prof BECKER, Gerhold K	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 61	The Concepts of Human Dignity and Personhood as Ethical Norms	Prof BECKER, Gerhold K	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 62	The Ethical Challenge of Human Cloning: A Continuing Debate	Prof BECKER, Gerhold K	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 63	Globalization and Moral Conflict	Prof BECKER, Gerhold K	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 64	Bioethics and Genetic	Dr CHAN, Jonathan KL	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 65	Logic and Philosophy of Logic in Contemporary China: A Critical Reflection	Dr CHAN, Jonathan KL	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 66	Market Morality and Theories of Justice	Dr CHAN, Jonathan KL	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 67	The Church-State Relations of Hong Kong in the Transition to 1997: Development, Issues and Implications	Dr LEUNG, Beatrice Dr CHAN, Shun Hing Dr CHAN, Che Po	(Lingnan College) Religion & Philosophy (Lingnan College)
ARTS 68	Structural Integration of Social Services and Religious Faith: The Model of Methodist Church in Hong Kong	Dr CHAN, Shun Hing	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 69	A Political Philosophy from Xunzi and Li Ki-Li Yun	Dr CHEUNG, Leo KC	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 70	Breaking the Spell of WML de Wette	Dr HO, Craig YS	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 71	The Metaphorical Meaning of the Well as a Key to the Interpretation of John 4	Dr HO, Craig YS	Religion & Philosophy
Summary of Research Projects 1997-98

SUM-6
ARTS 72	Revisiting the Problem of 'The Blind and the Lame' in 2 Samuel 5.6-8	Dr HO, Craig YS	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 73	The Stories of the Family Trouble of Judah and David—A Study of Their Literary Links	Dr HO, Craig YS	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 74	Modernization, Secularization and Journalist Values	Dr IP, King Tak	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 75	Xin-Sanzijing (The New Three-Character Text) and Issues Related to Global Ethic	Dr IP, King Tak	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 76	Divine Omniscience and Human Freedom	Dr KANG, Phee Seng	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 77	Doctrine, Truth and Religious Dialogue—A Study of Theo-logical Methodology and the New Yale School of Theology	Dr KANG, Phee Seng	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 78	Human Cloning and Christian Response	Dr KANG, Phee Seng	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 79	Human Cloning and Ethical Concerns	Dr KANG, Phee Seng	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 80	The Impossibility of Religious Pluralism—The Nature of Religion and Religious Dialogue	Dr KANG, Phee Seng	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 81	The Making of Theology: Reformation Theology and Patristic Foundation	Dr KANG, Phee Seng	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 82	Modern Science and the Development of Christian Theology	Dr KANG, Phee Seng	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 83	Theological Reflection on the Meaning and Significance of National Identity in the Context of Hong Kong's Return to China	Dr KANG, Phee Seng	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 84	Christian Sexual Ethics in Modern Society	Dr KWAN, Kai Man	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 85	The Contemporary Dialogue between Religion and Modern Science: A Preliminary Study	Dr KWAN, Kai Man	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 86	Is the Decline of Religion Inevitable in the Modern Society? Rethinking the Theory of Secularization	Dr KWAN, Kai Man	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 87	Thomas Kuhn's Philosophy of Science and Rationality in the Liberal Arts Tradition	Dr KWAN, Kai Man	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 88	The Commonality of the Philosophical Agenda of Feminism and Chinese Philosophy: The Case of Gender and Science	Dr MAN, Eva KW	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 89	Critique of the Development of Western Feminist Aesthetics	Dr MAN, Eva KW	Religion & Philosophy

SUM，7
Summary of Research Projects 1997-98
No. Project Title
Investigators Department
ARTS 90	Gender, Dance and Body Politics	Dr MAN, Eva KW	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 91	The Humanism in Lao Ssu-kuang's Early Thought	Dr MAN, Eva KW	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 92	Introduction to Philosophy by Lao Ssu-kuang (New Edition)	Dr MAN, Eva KW	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 93	Investigation into the Religious Aspects of Confucianism	Dr MAN, Eva KW	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 94	Zhu Guangqian and Contemporary Chinese Aesthetics	Dr MAN, Eva KW	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 95	A Modern Interpretation of the Pre-Ch'in Taoist Philosophy	Dr NG, Yu Kwan	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 96	Seven Lectures on the Philosophy of the Kyoto School	Dr NG, Yu Kwan	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 97	A Study of Buddhist Epistemology	Dr NG, Yu Kwan	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 98	A Study of the Theory of Alaya Consciousness in Yogacara Buddhism	Dr NG, Yu Kwan	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 99	Dreams of Wholeness	Dr PALMQUIST, Stephen R	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 100	Kant98 CD	Dr PALMQUIST, Stephen R	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 101	Kant's Architectonic Turn as a Model for Philosophical Practice: The Philosopher as Architect, Teacher, or Friend?	Dr PALMQUIST, Stephen R Dr MANCHESTER, Paula	Religion & Philosophy (Community Care Companions)
ARTS 102	Kant's Critical Religion	Dr PALMQUIST, Stephen R	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 103	Kant's Critical Science	Dr PALMQUIST, Stephen R	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 104	Perspectives in Counseling	Dr PALMQUIST, Stephen R	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 105	Philosophers * Views on the Use of Non-Essay Assessment Methods—Discussion of an E-mail Survey	Dr PALMQUIST, Stephen R	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 106	Philosophy of Religion after Kant and Kierkegaard	Dr PALMQUIST, Stephen R	Religion & Philosophy

SUM-8
ARTS 107	Christian Missions in China during the Age of Imperialism	Dr PFISTER, Lauren F	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 108	A Critical Edition of James Legge's Chinese Classics	Dr PFISTER, Lauren F Prof LIU, Jiahe Dr SHAO, Dongfang	Religion & Philosophy (Beijing Normal University) (National University of Singapore)
ARTS 109	Dialoguing over Minimalist and Maximalist Christian Missionary Strategies	Dr PFISTER, Lauren F Prof WALLS, Andrew F	Religion & Philosophy (Princeton Theological Seminary)
ARTS 110	Entries for the Encyclopedia of Chinese Philosophy	Dr PFISTER, Lauren F	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 111	The First Chinese Protestant Martyrdom in Relation to Problems of the Opium War Treaty of 1858	Dr PFISTER, Lauren F	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 112	The First Modern Chinese Protestant Theologian: Ho Tsun-sheen (1817-1871)	Dr PFISTER, Lauren F	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 113	James Legge (1815-1897) and the Scottish Encounter with China	Dr PFISTER, Lauren F Prof GIRARDOT, Norman	Religion & Philosophy (Lehigh University)
ARTS 114	The Missionary Legacy of James Legge's Sinological Orientalism	Dr PFISTER, Lauren F	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 115	Monotheistic Metaphysics in 19th Century Classical Ruism	Dr PFISTER, Lauren F	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 116	The 19th Century Scottish-Chinese Religious and Philosophical Encounter	Dr PFISTER, Lauren F	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 117	Pilot Project for the Translation of Feng Youlan's New History of Chinese Philosophy	Dr PFISTER, Lauren F Prof ZHAO, Fusan Prof GAO, Wangzhi Prof OBENCHAIN, Diane Mr DU, Youliang	Religion & Philosophy (Regent College) (Chinese Social Sciences Academy) (Peking University) (Encyclopedia Britannica)
ARTS 118	Practical Problems in Cross Religious Interaction in China	Dr PFISTER, Lauren F	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 119	Religious and Philosophical Chinese-English Encounters	Dr PFISTER, Lauren F	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 120	Rethinking the Meaning of the Taiping Rebellion for the Study of Christianity in China	Dr PFISTER, Lauren F	Religion & Philosophy
ARTS 121	Some New Perspectives in James Legge’s Multiform English Translations of Chinese Classical Literature	Dr PFISTER, Lauren F	Religion & Philosophy

SUM-9
Summary of Research Projects 1997-98
	Project Title	Investigators	Department
ARTS 122	Thirty-Six Year Index for the Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society	Dr PFISTER, Lauren F Ms LEE, Agnus	Religion & Philosophy (Urban Council Public Library)
ARTS 123	Wang Tao, James Legge, and Their Response to the Modern Ruist Melancholy	Dr PHSTER, Lauren F	Religion & Philosophy
SCHOOL OF BUSINESS			
BUS 1	The Determinants of Stock Market Reactions on Firms Going Private: The Case of Hong Kong	Dr CHAN, Siu Yeung	Accountancy & Law
BUS 2	Implementing TQM When You Do Not Know Where to Start: A Case Study of Hawaii's American Trading Company Ltd	Dr LANDRY, Steven P Ms CHAN, Canri WY	Accountancy & Law (University of South Australia)
BUS 3	Influences Affecting the Development of University Students' Critical Thinking Skills - A Comparison of Accounting Students with Non-accounting Students	Dr LANDRY, Steven P Ms SO, Stella HH	Accountancy & Law Accountancy & Law
BUS 4	Making the Transition from Functional Cost Centre "Big Brother'* to Value Adding Key Team Member: A Paradigm for the Changing Role of Management Accountants in a Customer	Dr LANDRY, Steven P Ms CHAN, Canri WY	Accountancy & Law (University of South Australia)
BUS 5	Corporate Governance in Hong Kong and The People's Republic of China, A Comparative Study of Their Legal Practices	Mr LAU, AlexKL	Accountancy & Law
BUS 6	Corporate Governance in the PRC: In Preparation for the 21st Century	Mr LAU, AlexKL	Accountancy & Law
BUS 7	Certified Public Accountants' Perceptions of Practice Review	Dr LAU, Peter TY	Accountancy & Law
BUS 8	An Empirical Study of the Determinants of Audit Report Lag	Dr LAU, Peter TY	Accountancy & Law
BUS 9	A Study of Economic Growth, Regional Productivity and Convergence in China	Dr CHAN, Hing Lin Dr LI, Sung Ko	Economics Economics
BUS 10	Market Integration in China - The Case of Steel Products	Dr CHENG, Yuk Shing	Economics
BUS 11	Technological Progress and Technical Efficiency of Post-reform Chinese Agriculture	Dr CHENG, Yuk Shing	Economics

SUM-10
BUS 12	Impact of FDI on China s Total Factor Productivity (TPF) between 1987-1995: A Cross-Provincial and Cross-Sectoral Analysis	Dr HUNG, Bill WS Dr TONG, Christopher SP	Economics Economics
BUS 13	A Study of the Price Behaviour of the Hang Seng Index Futures	Dr HUNG, Bill WS Dr FUNG, Joseph KW	Economics Finance and Decision Sciences
BUS 14	The Determinants and Mechanism of Economic Growth	Dr MO, Pak Hung	Economics
BUS 15	Analyses of Overeducation in both the U.S. and Hong Kong Labour Markets	Dr NG, Ying Chu	Economics
BUS 16	An Analysis of the Performance of Higher Education Institutes in China	Dr NG, Ying Chu Dr LI, Sung Ko	Economics Economics
BUS 17	An Analysis of the Relation Between Overschooling and Job Mobility	Dr NG, Ying Chu	Economics
BUS 18	The Currency Board System in Hong Kong	Prof TSANG, Shu Ki	Economics
BUS 19	Econometric Modelling of the Integration between China, Hong Kong and Taiwan in a Global Economic Context	Prof TSANG, Shu Ki Prof TANG, Shu Hung	Economics Economics
BUS 20	The Romance of the Three New Kingdoms: A Comparative Studies in Economic Efficiency of the SOEs, TVEs and FFEs in China and Its Economic Implications	Dr ZHANG, Xiaohe Dr TONG, Christopher SP	Economics Economics
BUS 21	Urban-Rural Differential and Its Impact on National Income Inequality in China	Dr ZHANG, Xiaohe	Economics
BUS 22	The Determinants of Market Bid Ask Spreads on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Cross-Sectional Analysis	Mr CHAN, David YK	Finance & Decision Sciences
BUS 23	The Dynamics of Interest Rates Between Eurodollar and Domestic US Dollar	Mr CHAN, David YK Mr LEE, Raymod SK	Finance & Decision Sciences (Bob International Co.)
BUS 24	The Effect of Hong Kong & Shanghai Bank PLC Merged Midland Bank PLC	Mr CHAN, David YK	Finance & Decision Sciences
BUS 25	Hang Seng Index Futures Volatility around the Hong Kong Stock Exchange Close	Mr CHAN, David YK	Finance & Decision Sciences
BUS 26	The Determinants of Market Bid-Ask Spreads on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong	Mr CHAN, David YK	Finance & Decision Sciences
BUS 27	Index Arbitrage Opportunities and Short Sales Constraints	Mr CHAN, David YK Dr FUNG, Joseph KW	Finance & Decision Sciences Finance & Decision Sciences
BUS 28	A Psycho-social Model of Software Piracy: The Application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour	Mr CHANG, Man Kit Prof MA, Hing Keung	Finance & Decision Sciences Education Studies

SUM-11
Summary of Research Projects 1997-98
No.
Project Title
Investigators Department
BUS 29	Arbitrage Between Hang Seng Index Options and Index Futures: An Analysis with Intra-day Transactions Data	Dr FUNG, Alexander KW Dr FUNG, Joseph KW	Finance & Decision Sciences Finance & Decision Sciences
BUS 30	Contrarian Strategy in International Asset Allocation (Stock Markets)	Dr FUNG, Alexander KW Prof LAM, Kin	Finance & Decision Sciences Finance & Decision Sciences
BUS 31	Arbitrage Efficiency with the Hang Seng Index Options and Index Futures: An Intraday Analysis with Bid, Asked, and Transactions Market Data	Dr FUNG, Joseph KW Dr MOK, Henry MK	Finance & Decision Sciences (CUHK)
BUS 32	The Prospects for Liberalization and Foreign Investment in the Telecommunications Services Market in China: A Comparative Study of the UK and Hong Kong Experience	Dr CLEGG, Jeremy Dr FUNG, Joseph KW	(University of Leeds) Finance & Decision Sciences
BUS 33	Restrictions on Short-selling and Mispricing of Index Options Contracts	Dr FUNG, Joseph KW Dr FUNG, Alexander KW	Finance & Decision Sciences Finance & Decision Sciences
BUS 34	Family Control, Differential Beliefs and Trading Volume	Dr JIANG, Li	Finance & Decision Sciences
BUS 35	Predicting Stock Intrinsic Value with Neural Nets	Dr JIANG, Li Dr WONG, Frank BK	Finance & Decision Sciences Finance & Decision Sciences
BUS 36	Short-selling Restrictions and Spot-futures Error-correction Dynamics	Dr JIANG, Li Dr FUNG, Joseph KW	Finance & Decision Sciences Finance & Decision Sciences
BUS 37	An Examination of the Performance of the V.G. Option Pricing Models on Hang Seng Index Options and Its Risk Monitoring Implications	Prof LAM, Kin Prof CHANG, Eric	Finance & Decision Sciences (Georgia Institute Technology)
BUS 38	Empirical Studies into the Hong Kong Traded Warrant Market	Mr MAK, Billy SC Dr TANG, Gordon YN Mr DRAPER, Paul R	Finance & Decision Sciences Finance & Decision Sciences (University of Strathclyde)
BUS 39	Decision Making for and Successful Performance of Technology Transfer in Chinese Joint Ventures (I): Structured Field Studies	Dr SHI, Xinping Dr SHI, Yi Zheng	Finance & Decision Sciences Marketing
BUS 40	Managing Cross-cultural Business Negotiation (I): Issues and Causal Relationships in a Chinese Cultural Context	Dr SHI, Xinping Dr LEUNG, Alicia SM Prof WESTWOOD, Robert I	Finance & Decision Sciences Management (CUHK)

SUM-12
BUS 41	Day of the Week Effect in Skewness and Kurtosis of Stock Returns: International Evidence	Dr TANG, Gordon YN	Finance & Decision Sciences
BUS 42	Volatility and Correlation of Cash Index and Stock Index Futures: Evidence from US and Hong Kong	Dr TANG, Gordon YN	Finance &Decision Sciences
BUS 43	Genetic Algorithm Applications in Business: A Review and Analysis of the Literature (1980-1997)	Dr WONG, Frank BK	Finance & Decision Sciences
BUS 44	A Study of Neural Network Design and Performance	Dr WONG, Frank BK	Finance & Decision Sciences
BUS 45	Business Process Reengineering in the Public Sector	Mr WONG, Tony CK	Finance & Decision Sciences
BUS 46	Perceptions of Organizational Politics: Antecedents and Outcomes in a Chinese Context	Prof ARYEE, Samuel Dr CARROLL, Ray Ms LO, Susanna	Management Accountancy & Law Management
BUS 47	Procedural Justice and Employee Performance: Test of a Social Exchange-Based Mediated Model	Prof ARYEE, Samuel	Management
BUS 48	Workplace Justice, Citizenship Behaviour and Turnover Intentions in a Union Context: Examining the Mediating Influence of Perceived Union Support and Union Instrumentality	Prof ARYEE, Samuel Dr CHAY, Yue Wah	Management (National University of Singapore)
BUS 49	An Empirical Investigation of Corporate Entrepreneurship, Market Orientation, Strategy and Firm Performance in Electronic Industry in Hong Kong and the United States	Dr EBRAHIMI, Bahman P	Management
BUS 50	An Empirical Investigation of the Relationship between Environmental Scanning Behaviour and Firm Performance of Expatriate Managers in Hong Kong	Dr EBRAHIMI, Bahman P	Management
BUS 51	The Effects of Cultural Variation on Organizational Commitment, Loyalty to Supervisors and their Outcomes	Dr FRANCESCO, Anne Marie Dr CHEN, George ZX	Management Marketing
BUS 52	Field Based Case Studies on Management and Organizational Behaviour in East Asia	Dr FRANCESCO, Anne Marie	Management
BUS 53	The Future of Human Resource Management (HRM) in the Hong Kong SAR	Dr FRANCESCO, Anne Marie	Management
BUS 54	Confucianism to Egalitarianism: Gender Role Attitudes of Students in the PRC	Dr LEUNG, Alicia SM Dr NG, Ying Chu	Management Economics
BUS 55	An Investigation of the Impact of Organizational Downsizing in Mid-Career Managers	Dr LEUNG, Alicia SM Mr CHANG, Ludwig	Management Finance & Decision Sciences

SUM，13
Summary of Research Projects 1997-98
BUS 56	Sexuality & Sexual Identity of Female Secretaries in the Workplace	Dr LEUNG, Alicia SM	Management
BUS 57	Adjustment and Career Planning of Chinese Mainland Expatriate Managers in Hong Kong Facilitating an Accelerated Internationalization Process of Chinese Mainland Firms	Prof SELMER, Jan Dr EBRAHIMI, Bahman P	Management Management
BUS 58	Organizational Acculturation: A Longitudinal Study of Parent Cultural Control of Foreign Business Operations in Hong Kong	Prof SELMER, Jan Dr de LEON, Corinna Dr GROJER, Jan-Erik	Management (Stockholm University)
BUS 59	Perspectives on International Joint Ventures in the People's Republic of China	Prof CHAN, Allan KK Prof NAIDU, GM	Marketing (University of Wisconsin)
BUS 60	The Study of Chinese Brand Names	Prof CHAN, Allan KK Dr HUANG, Yue Yuan	Marketing Language Centre
BUS 61	Technology Usage in Marketing Planning	Prof CHAN, Allan KK Prof DANDURAND, Lawrence	Marketing (University of Nevada)
BUS 62	The Effect of Employee Demography on Organizational Commitment and Turnover Intentions: The Chinese Case	Dr CHEN, George ZX	Marketing
BUS 63	Loyalty to Supervisor and Organisational Commitment: Their Effects on the Chinese Organisations	Dr CHEN, George ZX	Marketing
BUS 64	Assessing the Opportunities and Constraints for Database Marketing in International Business: The Case of China	Dr FOOK, Noel YM Prof PALMER, Adrian	Marketing (University of Ulster)
BUS 65	The Perception of Marketing Orientation among the Chinese Managers in the Context of Organizational Change: The Case of People's Republic of China	Dr FOOK, Noel YM Dr LIU, Sandra SM	Marketing Marketing
BUS 66	A Study of Service Quality Perceptions in Non-profit Organizations: The Case of Hong Kong Protestant Churches	Dr FOOK, Noel YM Mr WOO, Ka Shing	Marketing (OpenU)

SUM，14
BUS 67	Toward the Measurement of Business Ethical Philosophies in China	DrFOOK,Noel YM Ms LEE, Betsy YY Dr DICKINSON, John R	Marketing Marketing (University of Windsor)
BUS 68	Market-Orientation and Institutional Entrepreneurship for Universities in Transition and their Implications for Organizational Structure and Processes	Dr LIU, Sandra SM	Marketing
BUS 69	Strategic Planning for Universities with a Market-Orientation: A Study of Hong Kong Experience and PRC Universities in Transition to a Socialist Market Economy System	Dr LIU, Sandra SM Prof CHENG, Kai Ming	Marketing (HKU)
BUS 70	The Application of Organisational Buying Theory in Advertizing Agency / Client Relationships in China	Dr PRENDERGAST, Gerard Dr SHI, Yi Zheng	Marketing Marketing
BUS 71	Marketing Practices of Rural Enterprises in China	Dr SIU, Wai Sum	Marketing
BUS 72	Small Firm Marketing in China: A Preliminary Study	Dr SIU, Wai Sum	Marketing
BUS 73	Small Firm Marketing in China: A Comparative Study	Dr SIU, Wai Sum Dr KIRBY, David A	Marketing (Middlesex University)
BUS 74	Strategic Management of Large Chinese Industrial Companies	Dr SHI, Yi Zheng Dr LU, Yuan	Marketing (CUHK)
BUS 75	Technological Assets and Foreign Direct Investment	Dr SHI, Yi Zheng Dr YU, Pan	Marketing (University of Minnesota)
SCHOOL OF COMMUNICATION			
COMM 1	Benchmark Study on Communication Process and Effects of Television Advertising on Children in Hong Kong	Dr CHAN, Ka Wah	Communication Studies
COMM 2	Benchmark Study on Green Consumerism in Hong Kong	Dr CHAN, Ka Wah	Communication Studies
COMM 3	Cultural Values in China and Hong Kong Television Advertising from 1993 to 1998	Dr CHAN, Ka Wah CHENG, Hong	Communication Studies (Bradley University)
COMM 4	Cultural Values in Hong Kong Print Advertising, 1946-1996	Dr CHAN, Ka Wah	Communication Studies
COMM 5	Asian Values and the Vietnamese Press: An Analysis of the Saigon Giai Phong	Dr ELLIOTT, Charles W	Communication Studies
COMM 6	Define "Western" News: a Comparison of News Values in the Press of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, England and the United States	Dr ELLIOTT, Charles W	Communication Studies

SUM—15
No.	Project Title	Investigators	Department
COMM 7	Individualism and Collectivism in Representations of Sports: A Comparison of China Sports and Sports Illustrated	Dr ELLIOTT, Charles W	Communication Studies
COMM 8	A Longitudinal Analysis of Advertising Representations of Men in Next Magazine	Dr ELLIOTT, Charles W	Communication Studies
COMM 9	Conflict Genres and Management Strategies during China's 'Ten Years of Turmoil'	Dr POWERS, John H	Communication Studies
COMM 10	Discursive Strategies in China's Construction of its Human Rights Record: Definitions, Defence, and Attack	Dr POWERS, John H	Communication Studies
COMM 11	Image Restoration in Post-Colonial Hong Kong: Seven Case Studies from the First Year	Dr POWERS, John H	Communication Studies
COMM 12	Journalistic Constructions of China: The Discourses of Foreign Reporters	Dr POWERS, John H	Communication Studies
COMM 13	Using Fax-On-Demand Information in Four Marketing Situations	Dr RUIDL, Richard A	Communication Studies
COMM 14	The Rules of Tao-discourse	Dr XIAO, Xiaosui	Communication Studies
COMM 15	The Search for the Roots of the May Fourth Iconoclasm: A Metaphorical Perspective	Dr XIAO, Xiaosui	Communication Studies
COMM 16	Tao-preaching and Discursive Power Game in the Early Twentieth-century Chinese Campaign for Scientism	Dr XIAO, Xiaosui	Communication Studies
COMM 17	A Mediated Tale of Two Cities : News Media's Patterned Representation of Social Reality in Hong Kong and Guangzhou	Dr GUO, Zhongshi Dr HUANG, Yu Dr YU, Xu	Journalism Journalism Journalism
COMM 18	Inter-Provincial Flow of News in China	Dr HUANG, Yu Dr ZHU, J	Journalism (CityU)
COMM 19	The Quest for Infbmedia Literacy	Dr LEE, Alice YL	Journalism
COMM 20	An Anthology of Award-Winning Journalism Pieces and their Critiques	Ms NIP, Joyce YM	Journalism
Summary of Research Projects 1997-98

COMM 21	Newspaper News Sources in Hong Kong	Ms NIP, Joyce YM	Journalism
COMM 22	An Assessment of the Fairness and Objectivity of Election Broadcasting in the Legislative Assembly Election 1998	Mr TO, Yiu Ming Ms NIP, Joyce YM	Journalism Journalism
COMM 23	Journalism Education in Flux : A Comparative Study of Hong Kong, Taiwan and Mainland China Between 1976-1996	Dr YU, Xu Prof CHU, Leonard	Journalism School of Communication
FACULTY OF SCIENCE			
SCI 1	A Pharmacological Study on the Hypoglycemic and Insulin Potentiating Activities of Medicinal Herbs	Dr LEUNG, Wing Nang Dr WONG LEUNG, Margaret YL Dr PENG, Kang	Biology Chemistry (First Military Medical University)
SCI 2	Photodynamic Therapy: A Study of Biological Effects of Phenothiazine Based Photosensitizers in Normal and Tumour Cells	Dr LEUNG, Wing Nang Dr MAK, Nai Ki Prof CHEUNG, Nai Ho Dr TONG, Michael CF Dr WAINWRIGHT, Mark	Biology Biology Physics (CUHK) (University of Central Lancaster)
SCI 3	A Mechanistic Study on the Antiviral Activities of Chinese Medicinal Herbs	Dr MAK, Nai Ki Dr WONG LEUNG, Margaret YL Dr WONG, Ricky NS	Biology Chemistry Biology
SCI 4	Mechanistic Studies on Flavone-induced Monocytic Differentiation of Murine Myeloid Leukemia Cells	Dr MAK, Nai Ki Dr LEUNG, KN Dr FUNG, MC	Biology (CUHK) (CUHK)
SCI 5	Pharmacological Study on the Medicinal Herbs Polygala caudata	Dr MAK, Nai Ki Prof YEUNG, Hing Wing Dr LEUNG, Hi Wun Dr WONG, Ricky NS Dr YUNG, Ken KL	Biology (Institute of Advanced Chinese Medicine) (Institute of Advanced Chinese Medicine) Biology Biology
SCI 6	Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Local Liverworts	Dr SO, May Ling Dr LEUNG, Wing Nang	Biology Biology
SUM-16

SUM—17
Summary of Research Projects 1997-98
	Project Title	Investigators	Department
SCI 7	Studies on Stem Surface Structures of Liverworts	Dr SO, May Ling	Biology
SCI 8	Coal Fly Ash and Sewage Sludge Mixture as an Ameliorant for Boron Deficient and Degraded Acidic Soils in South China	Dr WONG, Jonathan WC Mr JIANG, RF	Biology (China Agricultural University)
SCI 9	Co-composting Sewage Sludge and Coal Fly Ash - An Innovative Technique for Waste Management	Dr WONG, Jonathan WC Prof WONG, Ming Hung	Biology Biology
SCI 10	Effect of Dissolved Organic Matter Derived from Sewage Sludge on Environmental Chemistry of Heavy Metals in Soils	Dr WONG, Jonathan WC Prof WONG, Ming Hung	Biology Biology
SCI 11	Land Application as an Alternative for Sewage Sludge Disposal in Hong Kong	Dr WONG, Jonathan WC Prof WONG, Ming Hung	Biology Biology
SCI 12	Induction of Cytochrome P450 IA1 from Polychlorinated Biphenyls-Treated Tilapia	Dr WONG, Kong Chu	Biology
SCI 13	Aluminium and Fluoride Contents of Leaf Tea ("Orthodox" Tea) and Brick Tea, and their Solubilities in Infusions	Prof WONG, Ming Hung Dr WONG, Jonathan WC Dr ZHANG, ZQ	Biology Biology (Zhongshan University)
SCI 14	An Ecotoxicological Assessment of the Impact of Trace Metal Pollution in the Fish Ponds at Mai Po Marshes	Prof WONG, Ming Hung Dr SHUTES, RBE Dr YUNG, Ken KL	Biology; Institute for Natural Resources and Waste Management (Middlesex University) Biology
SCI 15	Environmental Contamination and Bioremediation	Prof WONG, Ming Hung Dr WONG, Jonathan WC Dr CHAN, Gilbert YS Dr CHU, L Dr CHEUNG, RYH	Biology; Institute for Natural Resources and Waste Management Biology; Institute for Natural Resources and Waste Management (PolyU) (CUHK) (CityU)

SUM，18
SCI 16	The Iron Plaque on the Roots of Wetland Plants: A Barrier to Heavy Metal Uptake	Prof WONG, Ming Hung Dr ZE, ZH	Biology; Institute for Natural Resources and Waste Management (University of California at Berkeley)
SCI 17	Restoration Monitoring Programme - South East New Territories [SENT] Landfill	Prof WONG, Ming Hung Dr CHAN, Gilbert YS	Biology; Institute for Natural Resources and Waste Management (PolyU)
SCI 18	Immunotoxin as Immunolesioning and Antiviral Agent	Dr WONG, Ricky NS Dr MAK, Nai Ki Dr YUNG, Ken KL	Biology Biology Biology
SCI 19	Isolation of Myelin Basic Protein from Porcine Brain	Dr WONG, Ricky NS	Biology
SCI 20	Characterization of Cadmium-Binding Capacity of Chlorella Vulgaris	Dr YANG, Mildred SM Prof WONG, Ming Hung	Biology Biology
SCI 21	Determinaton of Trace Metals in Weanling Mouse Brain after Treatment with Aluminum	Dr YANG, Mildred SM Dr YUNG, Ken KL	Biology Biology
SCI 22	Polarographic Measurement of Metallothionein in Biological Tissues	Dr YANG, Mildred SM	Biology
SCI 23	Zn-Metallothionein as a Chelator for Removing Intracellular Cadmium	Dr YANG, Mildred SM	Biology
SCI 24	Development of a Novel Bioremediation Technology for Pcb-Contaminated Soils Using Sequential Anaerobic-Aerobic Decomposition Processes	Dr YE, Dingyi Dr WONG, Jonathan WC	Biology Biology
SCI 25	Feasibility Study on Leachate Recycle at Hong Kong Landfill Sites	Dr YE, Dingyi Dr WONG, Jonathan WC	Biology Biology
SCI 26	Dopamine and Glutamate Receptors in an Animal Model of Parkinson's Disease	Dr YUNG, Ken KL Prof BOLAM, JP	Biology (University of Oxford)
SCI 27	A New Agent for Immunolesioning in the Central Nervous System: Conjugation of Receptor Specific Antibodies with a Ribosome-inactivating Protein	Dr YUNG, Ken KL Dr WONG, Ricky NS	Biology Biology
SCI 28	Anti-transpiration and Anti-growth Activities in the Xylem Stream of Plants Growing in Stressed Conditions	Dr ZHANG, Jianhua	Biology
SCI 29	Early Senescence of Wheat at Grain-filling Time under Water-saving Cultivation	Dr ZHANG, Jianhua	Biology

SUM-19
Summary of Research Projects 1997-98
No.	Project Title	Investigators		Department
SCI 30	Physiological Basis for the Early Senescence of Wheat Plants during Grain-filling Period under Water-limited Culture	Dr ZHANG, Jianhua Prof SU, Bao Lin Prof ZOU, Qi	Biology (China Agricultural University) (Shandong Agricultural University)
SCI 31	The Characterization of Active Defects in BaClJM.C^ (M = Nd, Gd or Er) Catalysts for the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane	Dr AU, Peter CT Prof NG, Ching Fai	Chemistry Faculty of Science *
SCI 32	The Making and Characterization of Nanometer ErQs and BaCl2/Er,O3 Catalysts for the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane	Dr AU, Peter CT Prof NG, Ching Fai	Chemistry Faculty of Science
SCI 33	Syngas Production in CHJCO, Reforming over La2NiO4-Zeolite Coupled Membrane Catalysts - the Tackling of the Coking Problem	Dr AU, Peter CT Prof GAO, Li Zhen Prof NG, Ching Fai	Chemistry (Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry/Chinese Academy of Science) Faculty of Science
SCI 34	Theoretical Treatment of the Partial Oxidation of Methane to Syngas over Cobalt, Irdium, and Ruthenium	Dr AU, Peter CT Prof NG, Ching Fai	Chemistry Faculty of Science
SCI 35	Chiral P-Sulfinylamines as Ligands for Enantioselective Addition of Diethylzinc to Benzaldehyde	Prof CHAN, Wing Hong Prof LEE, Albert WM	Chemistry Chemistry
SCI 36	New Synthetic Chiral Sultams as Practical Chiral Auxiliaries for Asymmetric Alkylations	Prof CHAN, Wing Hong Prof LEE, Albert WM	Chemistry Chemistry
SCI 37	Optodes Based on the Calixarene Ester for the Determination of Aldehyde	Prof CHAN, Wing Hong	Chemistry
SCI 38	Optosensing of Cationic Surfactants Based on Host-Guest Chemistry	Prof CHAN, Wing Hong Prof LEE, Albert WM	Chemistry Chemistry
SCI 39	Water-alcohol Separation by Pervaporation Through Chemically Modified Poly (amidesulfonamide)s (PASAs)	Prof CHAN, Wing Hong Prof NG, Ching Fai Mrs LAM LEUNG, Suei Yee	Chemistry Faculty of Science Chemistry
SCI 40	Development of Aspartame-selective Optical Sensor	Dr CHOI, Martin MF	Chemistry

SUM，20
SCI 41	Development of an Optosensor for Cholesterol Determination	Dr CHOI, Martin MF	Chemistry
SCI 42	Fabrication of Reverse-phase Optode Membrane for Dissolved Oxygen Sensing	Dr CHOI, Martin MF	Chemistry
SCI 43	Synthesis of Optodes Based on Covalently Immobilized Dye to B-Cyclodextrin and Their Applications in Neutral Organic Molecules Determination	Dr CHOI, Martin MF	Chemistry
SCI 44	Catalytic Decomposition of Freons by Solid Acids	Dr LAI, Suk Yin Prof NG, Ching Fai	Chemistry Faculty of Science
SCI 45	Preparation and Characterization of the Ultra-Filtration Membrane Fabricated from the Co-Mixed Poly(amidesulfonamide)s (PASAs) and Commercially Available Polymers	Mrs LAM LEUNG, Suei Yee	Chemistry
SCI 46	Preparation and Characterization of Ultrafiltration Membrane Fabricated from Poly(amidesulfbnamide)s (PASAs) and Their Possible Uses in Separation Process	Mrs LAM LEUNG, Suei Yee Prof CHAN, Wing Hong	Chemistry Chemistry
SCI 47	Asymmetric Synthesis - Dihydroxylation and Conjugate Addition	Prof LEE, Albert WM Prof CHAN, Wing Hong	Chemistry Chemistry
SCI 48	Novel Cyclic and Linear Acetylenic Sulfides, Sulfoxides and Sulfones. Preparation and Preliminary Characterization	Prof LEE, Albert WM	Chemistry
SCI 49	Solid Phase Organic Synthesis	Prof LEE, Albert WM	Chemistry
SCI 50	Sampling and Analysis of Nitrated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban Air	Dr LEE, Frank SC	Chemistry
SCI 51	Anionic Synthesis of Conductive Polymers	Dr LEUNG, Louis ML	Chemistry
SCI 52	Chemical Processing and Electrical Properties of Interlayer Insulating Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Polymer Thin Films	Dr LEUNG, Louis ML Dr SO, Shu Kong Prof WONG, Rick WK	Chemistry Physics Chemistry
SCI 53	Effects of Ionic Interaction on Polymer-polymer Compatibility	Dr LEUNG, Louis ML	Chemistry
SCI 54	Polymer Thick Film Organic Light Emitting Diodes	Dr LEUNG, Louis ML Dr SO, Shu Kong	Chemistry Physics
SCI 55	Amperometric Enzyme Electrodes with Electropolymerized Films	Dr SHIU, Kwok Keung	Chemistry
SCI 56	Electroanalytical Applications of Conducting Polymer Modified Electrodes	Dr SHIU, Kwok Keung	Chemistry

SUM-21
Summary of Research Projects 1997-98
No.	Project Title	Investigators	Department
SCI 57	In-situ Infrared Studies and Electroanalytical Applications of Poly(aromatic amine) Films	Dr SHIU, Kwok Keung	Chemistry
SCI 58	Preparation and Chemistry of Macrocyclic Polyphosphine Ligands	Prof WONG, Rick WK Prof EDWARDS, Peter G	Chemistry (University of Wales)
SCI 59	Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of Chiral Diamino-, Diamido- and Diimino-Diphosphine Transition Metal Complexes: Potential Catalysts for Asymmetric Syntheses	Prof WONG, Rick WK	Chemistry
SCI 60	The Synthesis and Characterizations of Some Transition Metal-Dithiadiazolyl Radical Complexes: A Potential Molecular Ferromagnetic Material	Prof WONG, Rick WK Dr SHIU, Kwok Keung Dr KWONG, Daniel WJ	Chemistry Chemistry Chemistry
SCI 61	Synthesis and Reactivity of Cationic Lanthanide-Porphyrin Complexes: A Potential Catalyst for Alkene-Polymerization	Prof WONG, Rick WK	Chemistry
SCI 62	Business Process Reengineering and Information Systems	Dr CHAN, Stephen LC	Computer Science
SCI 63	Generic Expert Scheduling System	Dr CHAN, Stephen LC	Computer Science
SCI 64	Support Vector Machine with Bayesian Learning for the Automatic Categorization of Text and Hypertext Documents	Dr KWOK, James T	Computer Science
SCI 65	Design and Analysis of Evolutionary Algorithms for Hard Optimization and Search Problems	Dr LEUNG, Yiu Wing Dr ZHANG, Qingfu	Computer Science (National University o Technology)
SCI 66	Design and Prototyping of a Visually-Guided Autonomous Robot with Applications to Self-Navigation and Operation in Hazardous Environments	Dr LIU, Jiming Dr YUEN, Pong Chi Dr NG, Joseph K	Computer Science Computer Science Computer Science
SCI 67	Emerging Group Behaviours in Autonomous Mobile Robots Based on Computational Models of Self-organization and Adaptation	Dr LIU, Jiming	Computer Science
SCI 68	A Preliminary Study of a Workflow Framework for Supporting Crisis Management in Virtual Collaborative Environments	Dr MAK, Hing Yin Mr MALLARD, Andrew P	Computer Science (Kwong Wah Hospita

SCI 69	An Adaptive Transmission Control for Transmitting MPEG-I Video over a Computer Network	Dr NG, Joseph K Prof ZHAO, Wei	Computer Science (Texas A&M)
SCI 70	Connection Admission Control for Real-time Connections in an ATM Network	Dr NG, Joseph K	Computer Science
SCI 71	End-to-end Delay Analysis on ATM Networks for Real-Time Applications	Dr NG, Joseph K Prof ZHAO, Wei	Computer Science (CityU)
SCI 72	A Study of Transmission Control for Transmitting MPEG-I Video over an ATM Network	Dr NG, Joseph K Prof ZHAO, Wei	Computer Science (Texas A&M)
SCI 73	Analysis of Distribution of Information in Chinese Characters	Dr TANG, Yuan Yan Dr LIU, Jiming Dr LAM, Ernest CM Dr HUANG, Chin Shih	Computer Science Computer Science Computer Science Computer Science
SCI 74	Automatic Processing of Chinese and English Business Documents	Dr TANG, Yuan Yan Dr LEUNG, SC Prof MA, Hong	Computer Science Computer Science (Sichuan University)
SCI 75	A New Pattern Recognition Approach Based on Scheme of H(co) = MRA	Dr TANG, Yuan Yan	Computer Science
SCI 76	Eigenvalue Problems and Their Applications in the Investigation of Integrable Systems	Ms WU, Yong Tang Prof CAO, Ce Wen	Computer Science (Zheng Zhou University)
SCI 77	Performance Evaluation between Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on Face Recognition	Dr YUEN, Pong Chi	Computer Science
SCI 78	Coverage Processes and their Applications	Dr CHIU, Sung Nok Prof MOLCHANOV, Ilya	Mathematics (University of Glasgow)
SCI 79	Nonparametric Estimation of a Stochastic Model of Synaptic Transmission	Dr CHIU, Sung Nok	Mathematics
SCI 80	Mathematical Methods for the Visualisation in Scientific Computing	Dr CHU, Chuan I Dr XUE, Weimin Dr XU, Gualiang	Mathematics Mathematics (Academia Sinica)
SCI 81	Construction of Multivariate Distributions with Nonlinear Dependence	Prof FANG, Kai Tai Dr WEI, Gang	Mathematics Mathematics
SCI 82	The Robustness and Efficiency of Experimental Designs for Complex System	Prof FANG, Kai Tai Dr HICKERNELL, Fred J	Mathematics Mathematics
SUM—22

SUM，23
Summary of Research Projects 1997-98
No.	Project Title		Investigators	Department
SCI 83	The Generation and Application of Good Lattice Point Sequences	Dr HICKERNELL, Fred J	Mathematics
SCI 84	Quasi-Monte Carlo Methods for Scientific Computing	Dr HICKERNELL, Fred J Prof FANG, Kai Tai Dr LIAO, Li Zhi	Mathematics Mathematics Mathematics
SCI 85	Large Scale Numerical Modelling in Applied Sciences and Engineering	Dr HUANG, Hong Ci Dr XUE, Weimin MrZHU,Zou Nong	Mathematics Mathematics Mathematics
SCI 86	Coloring Problems in Graph Theory	Dr LAM, Peter CB Dr SHIU, Wai Chee Dr TONG, Chong Sze	Mathematics Mathematics Mathematics
SCI 87	Neural Networks for Optimization	Dr LIAO, Li Zhi	Mathematics
SCI 88	Smoothing Methods for Complementarity Problems	Dr LIAO, Li Zhi Dr QI, Hou Duo	Mathematics (Institute of Computational Mathematics and Scientific/ Engineering Computing, Chinese Academy of Sciences)
SCI 89	Successive Methods for General Multiobjective Nonlinear Control in Discretetime	Dr LIAO, Li Zhi Dr LI, Duan	Mathematics (CUHK)
SCI 90	Knot Invariants and New Quantum Field Theory	Dr NG, Sze Kui	Mathematics
SCI 91	Modelling Multiple Species and Dimensional Interdiffusion in Semiconductor Quantum Well	Dr SHIU, Wai Chee Dr LI, Eddie Herbert Dr MICALLEF, Joseph	Mathematics (HKU) (University of Malta)
SCI 92	Surface Reconstruction using a Sonar Rangefinder	Dr TONG, Chong Sze	Mathematics
SCI 93	Iteration Method for Linear Elastic Problems with Singularities	DrWU, Xiaonan	Mathematics

SUM-24
SCI 94	Automatic Triangulation of 2-D Arbitrary Domain for Finite Element Method	Dr XUE, Weimin Dr LIAO, Li Zhi	Mathematics Mathematics
SCI 95	Numerical Simulation of High Temperature Superconductor (HTSC) Film	Dr XUE, Weimin	Mathematics
SCI 96	In-Situ Particle Analysis of Marine Phytoplankton Using Imaging and Flow Cytometry - Application in Species Identification, Concentration and Pollution Monitoring	Dr CHAN, Robert KY Ms UN, Ka-man	Physics Physics
SCI 97	Real-Time Ocean Optical Fibre Sensing of Phytoplankton for Studies in Size Distribution, Concentration and Biomass	Dr CHAN, Robert KY Ms UN, Ka-man	Physics Physics
SCI 98	Excited States of Silicon Nano-Structure	Dr CHEAH, Kok Wai	Physics
SCI 99	Diagnostic Study of Laser Ablated Plasma of Lucite and Graphite Targets for Depositing Diamond-Like Films	Dr CHEN, Shu Chi	Physics
SCI 100	Dynamics of Formation of Nanoscale Nitrides Using Laser Ablation Combined with Nitrogen Discharge	Dr CHEN, Shu Chi	Physics
SCI 101	Quantitative Analysis of Sodium and Potassium in Single Human Erythrocytes Using Pulsed-Laser Vaporization in a Sheath Flow	Prof CHEUNG, Nai Ho Dr CHEN, Shu Chi	Physics Physics
SCI 102	Spectrochemical Analysis Using Emission from Laser-Induced Cold Plasmas	Prof CHEUNG, Nai Ho	Physics
SCI 103	Theoretical Studies in Commensurate-Incommensurate Phase Transitions	Prof HU, Bambi	Physics
SCI 104	Determination of the Sp3/Sp2 Ratio of A-C:H by XPS and XAES	Dr LIM, Pui Kong	Physics
SCI 105	Optical Properties of A-C:H Films	Dr LIM, Pui Kong	Physics
SCI 106	Guest-Host Organic Electroluminescent Devices	Dr SO, Shu Kong Dr LEUNG, Louis ML	Physics Physics
SCI 107	Organic Light Emitting Diodes I	Dr SO, Shu Kong Dr LEUNG, Louis ML	Physics Physics
SCI 108	Organic Light Emitting Diodes II	Dr SO, Shu Kong Dr LEUNG, Louis ML	Physics Physics
SCI 109	Magnetic Behaviour of Metal Oxides	Dr TANG, Lei Han Dr COHEN, LF Prof VVEDENSKY, DD Prof TIAN, GS	Physics (Imperial College) (Imperial College) (Beijing University)

SUM-25
No. SCI 110	Project Title Moving Flux-Lattice in Superconductors	Investigators Dr TANG, Lei Han	Department Physics
SCI 111	Nanostructures and Dislocations in Strained-Layer Epitaxy	Dr TANG, Lei Han	Physics
SCI 112	Synchronised Oscillation in Spatially - Extended Nonlinear Dynamical Systems	Dr TANG, Lei Han	Physics
SCI 113	Carbon-60	Prof TANG, Tong Bor Dr GU, Ming	Physics (Nanjing University)
SCI 114	High-temperature Superconductivity	Prof TANG, Tong Bor Dr LO, Wai	Physics (Houston University)
SCI 115	Micro-Indentations on Superconducting Materials	Prof TANG, Tong Bor Dr CHAUDHRI, MM	Physics (University of Cambridge)
SCI 116	The Characteristics of the Field Emitted by an Atom Embedded in Photonic Crystals	Dr ZHU, Shi Yao	Physics
SCI 117	Interference in Resonant Fluorescence and Cancellation of Spontaneous Emission in Three-Level and Four-Level Systems	Dr ZHU, Shi Yao	Physics
FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES			
SOSC 1	Assessing College Impact and Developing an Empirical Typology of College Students: The Case of Hong Kong Baptist College	Dr CHAN. Dennis WK Dr WU, William YH Dr HO, Eddie KW Dr CHAN, Jack CK	Education Studies Education Studies Office of Student Affairs Centre for Educational Development
SOSC 2	Humorous Literary Texts: Effects on Children's Reading Motivation and Their Verbal Creativity	Ms CH1K, Pik Yuk Mrs WAN, Julia, WS Prof LAU, Sing Ms HUI, Anna NN	Education Studies English Language & Literature Education Studies Centre for Child Development
SOSC 3	Relationships of Humor to Intelligence, Self-Concept, and Peer Relations	Ms CHIK, Pik Yuk Prof LAU, Sing	Education Studies Education Studies
Summary of Research Projects 1997-98

SUM-26
SOSC 4	Achievement Motivation, Academic Self-Concept, and Academic Achievement of Hong Kong Primary School Children	Prof LAU, Sing Ms HUI, Anna NN	Education Studies Centre for Child Development
SOSC 5	Creativity of School Children: The Use of Wallach-Kogan Creativity Tests in Hong Kong	Prof LAU, Sing Dr CHEUNG, Ping Chung Dr CHAN, David WO Dr WU, William YH Miss KWONG, Jenny ML	Education Studies (CUHK) (CUHK) Education Studies Education Studies
SOSC 6	Gender Role Development of Hong Kong Chinese Children: The Effect of Schematicity on Social Judgment	Prof LAU, Sing Prof LOBEL, Thalma Ms BAR-DAVID, Eva	Education Studies (Tel Aviv University) (Tel Aviv University)
SOSC 7	Psychological Adjustment in the Development of Primary School Children: A Longitudinal and Follow-Up Study	Prof LAU, Sing Ms CHIK, Pik Yuk	Education Studies Education Studies
SOSC 8	A Longitudinal Study of Family, Peer and School Influences on the Social Behavior of Adolescents in Hong Kong	Prof MA, Hing Keung Prof SHEK, Daniel TL Dr CHEUNG, Ping Chung	Education Studies (CUHK) (CUHK)
SOSC 9	A Study of the Physical and Psychological Dimensions of Leisure among Hong Kong School Children	Dr SIVAN, Atara Dr FUNG, Alex CW Prof RUSKIN, Hillel Dr FUNG, Lena	Education Studies Education Studies (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem) (Hong Kong Sports Development Board)
SOSC 10	Mother-Child Attachment and the Use of Child Care Arrangement Involving a Domestic Helper	Dr TAM, Vicky CW	Education Studies
SOSC 11	Stress and Resiliency of Chinese Adolescent Immigrants in Hong Kong	Dr TAM, Vicky CW Dr LAM, Rebecca SY	Education Studies Education Studies
SOSC 12	Recent Developments in the Energy Economy of Hong Kong	Dr CHOW, Chuen Ho	Geography
SOSC 13	Built Form, Community Development, and Culture in Hong Kong and China	Dr CHOW, Chun Shing	Geography
SOSC 14	China's Regional Development: A Study of Spatial Transformation	Prof LI, Si Ming Mr TANG, Wing Shing	Geography Geography
SOSC 15	Residential Relocation and Urban Restructuring under Market Transition: A Comparative Study of Residential Mobility in Beijing and Guangzhou	Prof LI, Si Ming Dr SIU, Yat Ming	Geography Sociology

Summary of Research Projects 1997-98
No.	Project Title	Investigators	Department
SOSC 16	Sedimentology and Micropalaeontology of Diatomites of the Lampane Basin	Dr OWEN, R Bernhart	Geography
SOSC 17	The Application of the Contextual Model to Analysis the 1994 Flood in Guangdong, China: The Beijiang Case Study	Dr WONG, Koon Kwai Dr ZHAO, Simon XB	Geography Geography
SOSC 18	The Challenge of Sustainable Development in Taiwan in the 21st Century: The Perceptions of University Studies, Environmental Protection Officials, and Green Group Members	Dr WONG, Koon Kwai	Geography
SOSC 19	Environmental Concerns and Sustainable Development: The State Policies and the Perceptions of University Studies in Beijing, China	Dr WONG, Koon Kwai Dr GUO, Zhigang	Geography (People's University of China)
SOSC 20	Assessment of Weather and Human Mortality in Hong Kong	Dr YAN, Yuk Yee	Geography
SOSC 21	Temperature Variability in Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China	Dr YAN, Yuk Yee	Geography
SOSC 22	Re-examining the Current Interpretations and Level of China's Urbanization	Dr ZHAO, Simon XB	Geography
SOSC 23	Useability and Methodology of Remote Sensing and GIS for Wheat Crop Yield Prediction	Dr ZHOU, Qiming	Geography
SOSC 24	Western Philosophy in China, 1993-98. A Bibliography and Analysis	Prof MEISSNER, Werner	Government & International Studies
SOSC 25	China, the United States, and the Issue of Proliferation	Dr TING, Wai	Government & International Studies
SOSC 26	Collaborate Research on the Cooperation between the European Union (EU), the People's Republic of China (PRC) and Hong Kong after 1997	Dr TING, Wai	Government & International Studies Prof SEIDELMANN, Reimund (University of Giessen) Mr YEUNG, Terence T	(European Documentation Centre Dr LOTTER, Christopher	(University of Giessen) Dr GU, Xuewu	(University of Freiburg)	
SOSC 27	Political Development of Hong Kong after the Chinese Resumption of Sovereignty	Dr TING, Wai	Government & International Studies
SUM-27

SUM-28
SOSC 28	Macau in Transition: From Colony to Autonomous Region	Dr YEE, Herbert S	Government & International Studies
SOSC 29	The Business Elite and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region	Dr CHU, Cindy YY	History
SOSC 30	Hong Kong Business and Politics	Dr CHU, Cindy YY	History
SOSC 31	Encouragement from the Opposite Gender: Attitudes of Male Scholars towards Women's Publications in Qing China	Dr HO, Clara WC	History
SOSC 32	Gender Role Indoctrination: Evidences from Traditional Chinese Primers (Phase II)	Dr HO, Clara WC	History
SOSC 33	Christian Higher Education in Republican China: A Case Study of the Province of Fujian	Dr LEE, Kam Keung	History
SOSC 34	Christian Revolutionary: Huang Naichang and the Revolutionary Movement in Late Qing (1895-1912)	Dr LEE, Kam Keung	History
SOSC 35	A Study of the Development of Christianity in Modern Taiwan through the Chinese Recorder	Dr LEE, Kam Keung	History
SOSC 36	Social Darwinism in China Reexamined	Dr MAK, Ricardo KS	History
SOSC 37	Bridging China and the West: New Perspectives on Liang Qichao (1873-1929)	Dr PAAU, Danny SL	History
SOSC 38	Clio from the West: Eastern Echoes of Western Historiography	Dr PAAU, Danny SL Prof CHEN, Qineng Prof JIANG, Peng Prof YU, Bei	History (Chinese Academy of Social Sciences) (Chinese Academy of Social Sciences) (Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)
SOSC 39	The Crisis of Nationalism in Modern China	Dr PAAU, Danny SL Dr CHAN, Sin Wai Dr CHOW, Kai Wing Dr LAM, Kai Yin Dr MAK, Ricardo KS Dr WONG, Yin Lee Dr YIP, Kwok Hung	History (CUHK) History History History History Education Studies
SOSC 40	Hong Kong's Return to China	Dr PAAU, Danny SL	History

SUM-29
Summary of Research Projects 1997-98
No.	Project Title	Investigators	Department
SOSC 41	Passage towards Conflicts? A Study on Contemporary Sino-American Relations	Dr PAAU, Danny SL	History
SOSC 42	Study on Taiwan	Dr PAAU, Danny SL	History
SOSC 43	Visions of Civilization: Images of Western Nations in Modern China	Dr PAAU, Danny SL	History
SOSC 44	The Papers of Robert Morrison	Prof STARR, J Barton Dr CHUNG, Stephanie PY	History History
SOSC 45	Term Question: A Pilot Project	Dr WONG, Man Kong Dr PFISTER, Lauren F Prof EBER, Irene Prof LEONARD, Jane K Dr LOMANOV, Alexander Dr LAZICH, Michael Dr ZETZSCHE Jost	History Religion & Philosophy (University Jerusalem) (University of Akron) (Institute of Oriental Studies) (State University of New York College at Buffalo) (Elucidex Co.)
SOSC 46	Timothy Richard (1847-1919) and the Chinese Reform Movement: A Critical Appraisa	Dr WONG, Man Kong	History
SOSC 47	中國婦女傳記辭典(秦漠卷) A Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women (Qin-Han Volume)	Dr WONG, Yin Lee	History
SOSC 48	從清代婦女四家詞看清代婦女思想地位的轉變 The Studies on the Change in the Ideology and Status of Qing's Women through the Woric of Four Women Lyricists in the Qing Dynasty	Dr WONG, Yin Lee	History
SOSC 49	晉代(256-420)女子風範及其學養管窺：中國婦女研究之一章 The Study on Women's Mannerism and Their Erudition in the Jin Dynasty (256-420): A Chapter in the Chinese Women Studies	Dr WONG, Yin Lee	History
SOSC 50	Application of Stress Management in Secondary School	Dr CHEUNG, Siu Yin	Physical Education
SOSC 51	Participation Motives of Hong Kong Inter-Schools Sports Competitions Athletes	Dr CHEUNG, Siu Yin	Physical Education

SOSC 52	The Relationship between Physical Activities and Mental Health of Adolescent in Kong Kong and Beijing	Dr CHEUNG, Siu Yin Ms DING, Xueqin	Physical Education (National Research Institute of Sports Science)
SOSC 53	A Case Study of the Primary Schools Outdoor Education Camp in Hong Kong	Dr CHOW, Bik Chu	Physical Education
SOSC 54	Elite Female Athletes' Experiences: Retirement from Sport	Dr CHOW, Bik Chu	Physical Education
SOSC 55	Normative Study on Upper Body Strength for Hong Kong School Children	Dr CHOW, Bik Chu Dr LOUIE, Lobo HT	Physical Education Physical Education
SOSC 56	A Survey on the Hikers' Motives and Environmental Awareness	Dr CHOW, Bik Chu Dr LOUIE, Lobo HT	Physical Education Physical Education
SOSC 57	Causal Attribution among Open League Basketball Tournament in Hong Kong	Dr CHUNG, Pak Kwong	Physical Education
SOSC 58	Effects of Physical Fitness Training on Physical Self-efficacy among University Students	Dr CHUNG, Pak Kwong	Physical Education
SOSC 59	Learning Strategies of Students in Physical Education Class	Prof FU, Frank HK Dr FUNG, Lena	Physical Education (Hong Kong Sports Development Board)
SOSC 60	Life Satisfaction among Elderly Persons: Identifying the Roles of Physical and Mental Activity Participation, Fitness Level, and Level of Cognitive Function	Prof FU, Frank HK Dr FUNG, Lena	Physical Education (Hong Kong Sports Development Board)
SOSC 61	A Longitudinal Study on Selected Physiological Characteristics of Chinese Swimmers	Prof FU, Frank HK Dr YAU, Chunying	Physical Education (National Research Institute of Sports Science)
SOSC 62	The Physical Fitness Assessment of Hong Kong People Using the Chinese Physical Fitness Testing Protocol (1996)	Prof FU, Frank HK Ms KWOK, Lanny PP Mr TONG, Tom KK	Physical Education Physical Education Physical Education
SOSC 63	Retiree's Wellness and Volunteerism in Sport	Prof FU, Frank HK Dr CHEUNG, Siu Yin	Physical Education Physical Education
SOSC 64	The Wellbeing of Hong Kong People	Prof FU, Frank HK Dr CHOW, Bik Chu Dr CHUNG, Pak Kwong Dr LOUIE, Lobo HT	Physical Education Physical Education Physical Education Physical Education
SUM-30

SUM-3
Summary of Research Projects 1997-98
No.	Project Title	Investigators	Department
SOSC 65	The Young Men Christian Association and the Development of Physical Education and Christianity in China	Prof FU, Frank HK	Physical Education
SOSC 66	Effect of Visual Skills Training Program on Elite Badminton Players	Ms LEUNG, Mee Lee Dr CHUNG, Pak Kwong Dr KLUKA, Darlene	Physical Education Physical Education (Grambling State University)
SOSC 67	Establishment of Sports Injury Reporting System in Hong Kong	Ms LEUNG, Mee Lee Prof FU, Frank HK Mr LI, Chi Kei	Physical Education Physical Education Physical Education
SOSC 68	To Assess the Validity of Accelerometry as a Measure of Habitual Physical Activity in Children	Dr LOUIE, Lobo HT Prof FU, Frank HK Dr ESTON, Roger G	Physical Education Physical Education (University of Wales)
SOSC 69	A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Badminton Skill Tests	Dr LOUIE, Lobo HT Mr LAM, Bill CB	Physical Education Physical Education
SOSC 70	Heart Rate Patterns of the Recreational Golfers in Hong Kong Public Golf Course	Dr LOUIE, Lobo HT	Physical Education
SOSC 71	A Survey on Coaches' Attitude toward the Doping Control in Hong Kong	Dr LOUIE, Lobo HT	Physical Education
SOSC 72	The Use of Pedometer in Estimating Activity Level of Recreational Golfers	Dr LOUIE, Lobo HT	Physical Education
SOSC 73	An Exploratory Study on Developing Mental Health Related Curriculum for High School Students in Hong Kong and Shanghai	Dr CHAN, Kai Fong Prof WU, Duo Dr NG, Petrus YN Mrs LEUNG, Mary	Social Work (East China Normal University) Social Work (Baptist Oi Kwan Social Service)
SOSC 74	Help-Seeking of Families in Tin Shui Wai	Dr CHIU, Marcus YL Mr TANG, Gary	Social Work (Hong Kong Federation of Youth Group)
SOSC 75	Pathway to Care of Chinese Orthopaedic Inpatient in Two District General Hospitals	Dr CHIU, Marcus YL Dr WONG, Victor CW	Social Work Social Work

		Dr PUN, Kam Wah Dr CHEUNG, Hon Ming	(Tuen Mun Hospital) (United Christian Hospital)
SOSC 76	A Comparative Study of Female Participants in the Labour Force of Export Processing Zones in China and Vietnam	Miss KWOK, Rita HY Mr GREENHELD, Gerard	Social Work (Asian Monitor Resource Centre)
SOSC 77	Enhancing Integration of Theory and Practice in Social Work Education—Critical Incident Process with Simulated Clients or Simulation of Critical Incidents	Miss LAI, Cecilia SY Dr CHAN, Kai Fong Miss KWOK, Rita HY	Social Work Social Work Social Work
SOSC 78	Determination of Poverty Line and Basic Rates of Social Assistance in Hong Kong	Prof MOK, Henry TK	Social Work
SOSC 79	Health Insurance System Reform in PRC	Prof MOK, Henry TK	Social Work
SOSC 80	Need Assessment for Vocational Training of Secondary School Students: A Case Study of Sai Kung District of Hong Kong	Prof MOK, Henry TK Dr CHEUNG, Fernando	Social Work (PolyU)
SOSC 81	Social Assistance Legislation in PRC	Prof MOK, Henry TK	Social Work
SOSC 82	Work and Psychiatric Rehabilitation	Dr NG, Petrus YN	Social Work
SOSC 83	Mutual Expectation of Parents and Their Children in Three Countries: The UK, PRC and Hong Kong	Miss TSUN, Angela OK Dr CHAN, Kai Fong	Social Work Social Work
SOSC 84	Physically Abusing Mothers' Perception of Child Behavior and Its Relationship to Child Abuse	Miss TSUN, Angela OK	Social Work
SOSC 85	The Perception of Social Audience towards Marginal Youth in Hong Kong	Dr WONG, Victor CW Dr CHIU, Sammy WS	Social Work Social Work
SOSC 86	The Study of Health and Social Care of Older People in Hong Kong	Dr WONG, Victor CW Dr CHIU, Sammy WS Prof LIU, Qinglong	Social Work Social Work (Tsinghua University)
SOSC 87	Themes of Love and Sex in Hong Kong Comics	Dr WONG, Victor CW Dr CHIU, Sammy WS	Social Work Social Work
SOSC 88	Circumstances of Internal Debates and Their Terms of Reference in SUM's Transformative Adjustment vis-a-vis Political Changes	Dr CHIU, Fred YL	Sociology
SOSC 89	Interpersonal Network and Information Flow: An Exploratory Study in Hong Kong	Dr LAI, Gina WF Dr WONG,Odalia MH	Sociology Sociology
SUM-32

SUM-33
Summary of Research Projects 1997-98
No.	Project Title	Investigators	Department
SOSC 90	Organizational Commitment among PRC Workers in State-Owned Organizations, Private Firms, and Joint Ventures	Dr WAN, Choi Dr CHIU, Warren Dr LAI, GinaWF Mr LU, Hanlong	(PolyU) (PolyU) Sociology (Shanghai Academy of Social Science)
SOSC 91	Social Resources and Mobility of Chinese Immigrants in Hong Kong: A Pilot Study Dr LEUNG, Hon Chu Dr LAI, Gina WF		Sociology Sociology
SOSC 92	Craft Guilds and the Organisation of Labour: A Comparative Analysis of Guild Organisation in UK and China	Dr RANSON, Brian HA Prof HUANG, Chih Lien Prof LI, Runhai Dr YANG, Junyou Dr ZHANG, Lihua Dr SHU, Wen Dr WANG, Xianming Prof FENG, Shaolei Prof YU, Zhisen Prof GONG, Rongdong Dr JIN, Zhilin Dr ARCHER, Ian Dr BARRETT, Alan Dr KEENE, Derek Dr EPSTEIN, Stephan	Sociology Sociology (Tsinghua University) (Tsinghua University) (Tsinghua University) (Tsinghua University) (Tsinghua University) (East China Normal University) (East China Normal University) (East China Normal University) (East China Normal University) (University of Oxford) (Coventry University) (London University) (London School of Economics)

Faculty
of
Arts

2
ARTS1
A Quantified Study of the Phonological Changes in Hong Kong Cantonese
The project aims at conducting a detailed and extensive phonological study of the Cantonese language as spoken in Hong Kong during the 1990s. Specifically, the research will address the following issues: (1) What are the sounds and tones that have undergone changes in recent decades? (2) What are the factors that condition such changes? and (3) What is the pace at which the changes affect different sectors of the population? The project hopes to provide a quantified account of the sound changes that have come to give the Hong Kong speech its own linguistic identity. The efforts will also be gauged from a diachronic perspective since many of the observations will have to be assessed and interpreted as part of a historical process universal to the Chinese language. In this regard, the findings will provide a solid base on which the researchers can reevaluate and further pursue the continuous and conscientious effort to standardize Cantonese pronunciation.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr CHOW, Kwok Ching (Department of Chinese Language & Literature)
Co-investigator(s)
Prof CHEUNG, Samuel HN (Department of Chinese Language & Literature)
Duration
Starting Date - October 1997
Expected Completion Date - March 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
ARTS 2
眾聲對唱的年代：香港流行樂隊 歌詞(1984-1990)的文化研究 The Age of Heteroglossia: A Cultural Study of Hong Kong 'Band' Lyrics 1984-1990
This project aims at studying in-depth one of the most significant issues in contemporary Hong Kong popular lyrics: the rise of bands from 1985 to 1990. The lyricists of band songs are significantly different from that of the mainstream, and they have very important influence on the trend of Hong Kong popular lyrics. Without a close analysis of the 'band' lyrics in this period, it will not be possible to understand the lyrical transformation of Hong Kong popular lyrics from the eighties to the nineties. Since these band lyrics touch upon various cultural issues in Hong Kong, the research will also shed light on Hong Kong cultural studies in general. In sum, this project will contribute a critical dimension left glaringly neglected by current cultural studies.
Investigator(s)
Dr CHU, Yiu Wai (Department of Chinese Language & Literature)
Duration
Starting Date - March 1997
Expected Completion Date - August 1998

3
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
ARTS 3
Law as/and Culture
Studies of modern Western law in non-Western societies often focus on its positive consequences or problems of implementation. Its practical effects on the cultural and moral values of the indigenous society are seldom discussed. In Hong Kong, since its establishment as a British colony, common law was allowed ample time and stable environment to gradually transform indigenous Chinese cultural and moral values. Hong Kong thus constitutes a valuable case to examine the influence of modern Western law on the culture of a non-Western society. The project will shed light on the relationship between a colonial legal system and an indigenous culture. It will contribute both to the theory-building in postcolonial cultural studies and the future of the common law legal system in Hong Kong.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Mr SIN, Wai Man (Department of Law, CityU)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr CHU, Yiu Wai (Department of Chinese Language & Literature)
Duration
Starting Date - March 1997
Expected Completion Date - June 1999
Source(s) of Funding
CityU Strategic Research Grant
****************************** ******************************
ARTS 4
韓國歷代詩話中論述中國詩歌有 關資料的輯錄和整理
A Compilation and Study of Information on Chinese Poetry from Korean Sources
Korea is culturally greatly influenced by China. Chinese study has a long and distinguished tradition in Korea. There are over 100 Shi Hua (詩話，Studies on Poetry) written in Chinese by Koreans from about 11th century to 20th century. Many of which contain invaluable information, otherwise unavailable, which includes:
1.	Compositions by Chinese collected by Koreans and not found in Chinese sources;
2.	Comments, criticism and theories on Chinese poetry.
Up till now no scholars has studied in this area. This project is the first of its kind.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Prof KWONG, Kin Hung (Department of Chinese Language & Literature)
Co-investigator(s)
Prof CHAN, Wing Ming (Department of Chinese Language & Literature)
Dr NG, Suk Tin (Department of Chinese Language & Literature)

4
Duration
Starting Date - July 1997
Expected Completion Date - June 1999
Source(s) of Funding
RGC Earmarked Research Grant
****************************** *****************************來
ARTS 5
Biography of 'The Founder of Hong Kong Government Education': Frederick Stewart, LLD (1836-1889)
Following a lengthy period of archival and library research, as well as personal correspondence, field trips and interviews—all in the international area—numerous interim publications were produced—presentations, articles, radio appearances, journalism— followed by the publication of a monograph, The Golden Needle: The Biography of Frederick Stewart (1836-1889).
Following publication, there have been several further presentations, talks, articles, radio appearances and journalism, on the subject of the book, or on topics in the same general area.
It is expected that there will be further presentations, talks, articles, radio appearances and journalism, on the subject of the book, or on topics in the same general area. For example, the investigator has been invited (and has agreed) to contribute an article on Frederick Stewart in the New Dictionary of National Biography.
The Golden Needle has been reviewed, featured and noticed in more than thirty publications to date, in Chinese, English, French and Portuguese.
Investigator(s)
Dr BICKLEY, Gillian B (Department of English Language & Literature)
Duration
Starting Date - June 1989
Completion Date - Completed
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
ARTS 6
The Life and (Educational) Work of the First Anglican Bishop of Victoria, China
To produce a series of presentations and articles on the life and (educational) work of George Smith, first Anglican Bishop of Victoria, China.
A chronological sequence of papers and publications relevant to the life and (educational) work of George Smith, first Anglican Bishop of Victoria, China will be created.
Concurrently, and as appropriate, analyses of various topics will be produced, using the collected material.

5
Investigator(s)
Dr BICKLEY, Gillian B (Department of English Language & Literature)
Duration
Starting Date - March 1997
Completion Date - 2001 (depends on date of receipt of funding)
Source(s) of Funding:
Funding is being sought for this project to be advanced.
ARTS 7
An Annotated Bibliography and Study Guide of Modern Chinese Translation Theories
This is a survey of works on translating and interpreting published in Chinese in modern times. Over 1000 books and papers are divided into 25 categories. Annotations and publication information are provided for each. An introductory chapter serves as an overview of the climate of translatology in China.
The end product of this project with the title of Research Guide for Translating, was submitted for publication.
Investigator(s)
Dr CHAU, Simon SC (Department of English Language & Literature)
Duration
Starting Date - April 1996
Completion Date - Completed
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
ARTS 8
The Theory and Practice of Financial Translating: English to Chinese and Chinese to English
As one of the most important financial centres of the world, Hong Kong relies heavily on the flow of information related to monetary matters, commerce and the economy between the English-speaking and the Chinese-speaking worlds.
This study attempts to (1) survey and compare the current state of the translation of financial literature between the two languages in China Mainland, Taiwan and Hong Kong; (2) make recommendations on the standardization of terminology in this field; and (3) devise strategies in training translators to work on this kind of texts.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr CHAU, Simon SC (Department of English Language & Literature)

6
Co-investigator(s)
Mr FAN, Chi Wai (Department of English Language & Literature)
Duration
Starting Date - June 1998
Expected Completion Date - March 2001
Source(s) of Funding
Self-funding
****************************** ******************************
ARTS 9
A History of Translation in Hong Kong: 1842-1997
To date there is still no comprehensive account of the history of translation in Hong Kong. Extant works focus on special themes, such as missionary activities in Hong Kong, or intercultural communication between East and West. This may give the impression that translation was irrelevant to the emergence of Hong Kong as a modern metropolis, or reinforce the notion of the subservience of translation, of instrumentalism as the condition of existence for translation and, consequently, its necessary self-effacement. This research aims to trace the history of translation in Hong Kong during its colonial era, i.e. 1842-1997. Taking translation as a system, the paper will study how it interacted with other systems such as politics, ideology, and education.
Investigator(s)
Prof CHEUNG, Martha PY (Department of English Language & Literature)
Duration
Starting Date - June 1998
Expected Completion Date - May 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
****************************** ******************************
ARTS 10
The Other Hong Kong: Our Hong Kong—A Selection of Short Stories and Writings in Translation
Much has been written about Hong Kong, by Western writers, writers from mainland China and Taiwan, and by the Hong Kong Government and other affiliated institutions. As a result, certain images/fictions/myths/(mis)repre-sentations have been invented about Hong Kong. The works of the local writers, however, show that there is in fact an-other Hong Kong, and this 'other' Hong Kong is very different from Western perceptions of Hong Kong as 'the other'. This project aims to present, through translation, a selection of these works to give the readers some sense of what 'the other Hong Kong—our Hong Kong' is like. An introduction written by the investigator will set these stories in their theoretical context.
Investigator(s)
Prof CHEUNG, Martha PY (Department of English Language & Literature)

7
Duration
Starting Date - January 1996
Completion Date - Completed
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
ARTS 11
Travelling with a Bitter Melon: A Bilingual Collection of the Poems of Leung Ping Kwan
Selection and English translation for a collection of poems by Leung Ping Kwan, with a critical introduction written by the investigator.
Investigator(s)
Prof CHEUNG, Martha PY (Department of English Language & Literature)
Duration
Starting Date - April 1998
Expected Completion Date - June 1999
ARTS 12
Rethinking Translation:
Between Translatability and
Untranslatability
This project consists of a collection of papers on the topic of translatability and untranslatability from different linguistic and translation approaches (e.g. syntactic, semantic, pragmatic, hermeneutic, philosophical, cultural, etc.) by a group of about 15 scholars in the field, coming from Hong Kong, Taiwan and China, and an introduction and a conclusion written by the investigator.
Investigator(s)
Ms FAN, Wen Mei (Department of English Language & Literature)
Duration
Starting Date - August 1997
Expected Completion Date - January 1999
ARTS 13
Language Planning Agencies
The project objective in the long term is to make available information on language planning agencies in order to inform work that attempts to understand their development and function (in terms of authorization, modes of work, adaptations to changing circumstances, products, personnel, etc.). The project objective in the short term is to create a reference file from data already collected on language planning agencies around the world. Information has been entered by country and agency within country. The file has been published on the internet and its availability publicized by a descriptive notice in The New Language Planning Newsletter and by short notices distributed to international journals in

8
sociolinguistics. It is my intention to arrange updating and expansion of the file, at regular intervals. The internet web site address is http:// arts.hkbu.edu.hk/~bhjernudd.
Investigator(s)
Prof JERNUDD, Bjorn H (Department of English Language & Literature)
Duration
Starting Date - July 1997
Completion Date - Completed (the file)
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
ARTS 14
Translation into English of a Collection of Zen Stories
Translation into English of a collection of Zen stories for bilingual publication, with a glossary of Sanskrit terms used in the English translation, an introduction and a translators' preface.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Prof LAI, Jane CC (Department of English Language & Literature)
Co-investigator(s)
Prof CHEUNG, Martha PY (Department of English Language & Literature)
Duration
Starting Date - April 1996
Completion Date - Completed
ARTS 15
The Cultural Transnationalization of Hong Kong in (Post) Transitional Period
Over the last decade, Hong Kong contributes to the formation of a new trans-Chinese cultural economy and, at the same time, provides disruption to the conventional concept of the unified Chinese national identity. Being a colony itself, Hong Kong colonizes its neighbouring regions through the exports of its popular cultural products, like movies, TV programmes, pop music, popular writings. On the other hand, Hong Kong is currently involved in global culture by bringing martial arts films to Hollywood and establishing its own cultural outposts in EuroAmerican cities. This study examines how Hong Kong culture reconstructs the notion of Chineseness and proceeds from the cultural studies of Hong Kong to a reexamination of the monolithic notion of Chinese culture.
Investigator(s)
Dr LO, Kwai Cheung (Department of English Language & Literature)
Duration
Starting Date - June 1998
Expected Completion Date - September 1999

9
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
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10
ARTS 19
Completion of a Manuscript Titled Icons of Mortality in Shakespeare’s Theatre
The manuscript examines the relationship between populist visual art forms in the Renaissance and late Medieval period and Shakespeare’s theatre. Its purpose is to show the extent to which Shakespeare was familiar with such art traditions, and to illustrate how a knowledge of those traditions can enhance our understanding of Shakespeare’s work. The following artistic genres have been explored: the emblem book (picture books); cathedral and church art (including brass plaques, murals, sculpture, and tomb decorations); illuminated manuscripts (i.e. handwritten books of the late Medieval period with hand painted illustrations); funereal art. As regards Shakespeare’s work, the main focus has been on the following plays: Richard II, Henry IV, Henry V, King John, King Lear, Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Coriolanus, Antony and Cleopatra, and The Merchant of Venice.
Investigator(s)
Dr MACKENZIE, Clayton G (Department of English Language & Literature)
Duration
Starting Date - June 1998
Expected Completion Date - August 1999
Source(s) of Funding:
HKBU Faculty of Research Grant
ARTS 20
A Stage Play Entitled A Man of Our Tinies
This project will result in a stage play dealing with Han van Meegeren, the master forger whose fake Vermeers made him one of the most interesting figures in the 20th century art world. The play will examine van Meegeren’s career, his astonishing success, and the complex world of WWII collaboration with the Nazis. The research phase of this project will lead to the writing of the stage script.
Investigator(s)
Prof STAMBLER, Peter L (Department of English Language & Literature)
Duration
Starting Date - May 1997
Expected Completion Date - July 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
ARTS 21
On the Hong Kong Learner’s Acquisition of Event-Sequencing in English
The ability to accurately and effectively represent sequenced events in past time is a

11
necessary component of the basic composing process in all types of writing. For Chinese writers of English as a second language this is a particularly difficult skill to acquire. This study examines Hong Kong learners’ means of marking event-sequencing for three proficiency levels: Form 3 and Form 6 of high school and Year II of university. It interprets the learner system at each stage in terms of the impact of both developmental processes and transference influences. The findings of this study support an on-going interest in the production of specialized materials specifically targeting the Hong Kong learner.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr TICKOO, Asha K (Department of English Language & Literature)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr YANG, Suying (Department of English Language & Literature)
Dr HUANG, Yue Yuan (Language Centre)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1998
Expected Completion Date - November 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
ARTS 22
Landscape of the Heart: The
City and the Feminine in
William Faulkner’s ‘Artist at
Home’ and ‘Idyll in the Desert’
This paper examined the representations of the situation of married women in light of the theories of city, space and feminism so as to understand better how they fared, as seen in Faulkner’s stories, in the city and the small town of the early twentieth-century America amidst the battles of different norms and desires. It was presented on November 1-4, 1997 at the 2nd International Conference on William Faulkner held at Peking University, China.
Investigator(s)
Dr WONG, Linda PL (Department of English Language & Literature)
Duration
Starting Date - May 1997
Expected Completion Date - Completed
Source(s) of Funding
Self-funding
ARTS 23
The Reception of WB Yeats in Modern China
This is a study of the cross-cultural significance of WB Yeats, who helped propel the romantic wave in early twentieth-century China. His impact on certain aspects of Chinese thinking is discussed in relation to the cultural changes of the times. The romantic and exotic elements in his plays and poems were what the Chinese intellectuals most admired. The Irish sentiments

12
in his work reawakened a new love for their own country. The Celtic myths and the praise of nature were also other qualities well received by them. Therefore, Yeats was able to meet their emotional and social needs. This paper was presented in the International Association for the Study of Irish Literatures Congress at the University of New South Wales, Australia in January 1998.
Investigator(s)
Dr WONG, Linda PL (Department of English Language & Literature)
Duration
Starting Date - May 1997
Completion Date - Completed
Source(s) of Funding
Self-funding
****************************** ******************************
ARTS 24
The Reception of Western Fairy Tales in Modern China: A Study of Hans Christian Andersen and Oscar Wilde
The popularity of the Western fairy tales in China in the 1920s and 1930s owed to the more 'romantic' yearning for the fantastic and the dream-like on the part of the Chinese. To them, Andersen stood out sharply as the greatest fairy tale writer. Wilde's fortune was connected with the reception of the British Decadents. His fairy tales were often compared with other Chinese
classics. This paper was presented in the 15th Congress of the International Comparative Literature Association held in August, 1997 in Leiden University, Holland.
Investigator(s)
Dr WONG, Linda PL (Department of English Language & Literature)
Duration
Starting Date - June 1996
Completion Date - Completed
Source(s) of Funding
Self-funding
ARTS 25
The Reconstruction of Christina Rossetti in Xu Zhimo
Xu Zhimo made use of the substance and feeling of Christina Rossetti for his own poetic purposes. He internalized and assimilated her work for his artistic creation. Traces of Rossetti in his poems provide a striking study showing how he understood and rewrote women characters in sympathy with her sensibilities. The researcher has written a preliminary draft on this topic.
Investigator(s)
Dr WONG, Linda PL (Department of English Language & Literature)

13
Duration
Starting Date - March 1997
Expected Completion Date - February 1999
Source(s) of Funding
Self-funding


ARTS 26
A Reinterpretation of Oscar Wilde’s Salome in Modern China
The influence of Salome can be seen on different levels in modern China. Wilde and the British Decadents will be discussed so as to unfold clearer more issues concerning the search for a different and anti-traditional female identity.
Investigator(s)
Dr WONG, Linda PL (Department of English Language & Literature)
Duration
Starting Date - May 1997
Expected Completion Date - August 1998
Source(s) of Funding
Self-funding

ARTS 27
The Study of the English Tense-Aspect Marking Patterns of University Students in Hong Kong—From the Perspective of Lexical Aspect and Discourse Analysis
This project studies the tense-aspect use problems of Hong Kong university level students. We focus on the roles verbal aspectual properties and discourse context play in the tense-aspect marking patterns of the students.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr YANG, Suying (Department of English Language & Literature)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr HUANG, Yue Yuan (Language Centre)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1997
Expected Completion Date - September 1999
Source(s) of Funding RGC Earmarked Research Grant
ARTS 28
Localism, Globalism and Opinion-Makers in Asia
The major aim of this project is to examine the diverse ways in which the opinion-makers in

14
China, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore, Malaysia, India and Sri Lanka conceptualize and perceive the interaction between the local and the global. The study, which is interdisciplinary in nature, will draw upon literary studies, media studies, history, political science, anthropology and sociology.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Prof TAM, Kwok Kan (Department of English, CUHK)
Co-investigator(s)
Prof YIP, Terry SH (Department of English Language & Literature)
Prof DISSANAYAKE, Wimal (Department of English Language & Literature)
Duration
Starting Date - July 1995
Expected Completion Date - December 1998
Source(s) of Funding
The Ho Sin Hang Endowment Fund 1995-96
ARTS 29
Self, Gender and Identity: An Anthology of Contemporary Chinese Short Stories
A translation project which deals with writers’ representations of self, gender and location in four Chinese communities, namely China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore. The project aims at studying the notion of self and its relation
to gender construction and identity formation as manifested in literature and the thematic approach adopted will enable the investigators to explore various aspects of socio-cultural changes in those regions.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Prof TAM, Kwok Kan (Department of English, CUHK)
Co-investigator(s)
Prof YIP, Terry SH (Department of English Language & Literature)
Prof DISSANAYAKE, Wimal (Department of English Language & Literature)
Duration
Starting Date - December 1996
Expected Completion Date - August 1999
Source(s) of Funding
Hong Kong Arts Development Council
ARTS 30
為香港學生製作一個以研究為基 礎的簡化字敎材套
Developing a Research-Based Learning Kit on Chinese Simplified Characters for Hong Kong Students
The learning of Chinese simplified characters by Hong Kong secondary and tertiary students

15
can be a very different experience from that of young children in Mainland China. This is because these Hong Kong students have already acquired full-form Chinese characters which can be used as stepping-stones for learning. From this standpoint, we are developing a tailor-made learning kit in compact disc form for Hong Kong students. A characteristic of this project is its translation of research findings into practice. In this learning kit, we will make good use of various current statistical findings on the usage of Chinese characters, both in Hong Kong and in Mainland China. This will enhance the effectiveness and the efficiency of the learning materials. The learning kit also incorporates etymological research findings, tracing the origin of each Chinese simplified character. With such an approach, we will succeed in alleviating the learners’ inappropriate adverse and negative attitudes aroused from the belief that Chinese simplified characters are a mere product of the politically motivated language planning in Mainland China in the 1950s. The materials developed will also expound how each Chinese simplified character is formed according to its underlying psychological factors. Such a meaningful explanation can be very useful to facilitate students’ memory and learning of the simplified characters.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator Mr FAN, Kwok (Language Centre)
Co-investigator(s)
Mr CHEUNG, Yat Sun (Ex-faculty member, Language Centre)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1995
Expected Completion Date - July 1999
Source(s) of Funding
The Language Fund
ARTS 31
影響語言敎學的一些因素—從理 論層面考察
Factors Affecting Language Teaching—A Theoretical Approach
This project explored various factors affecting language teaching using a theoretical framework. The factors were grouped into different categories designed by the writer and were elaborated with ample examples. Specifically, the factors identified covered linguistics and linguistics-related disciplines, such as (1) sociology of education; (2) philosophy of education; (3) educational psychology and psycholinguistics in education; and (4) theories of linguistics from macro- and micro- points-of-view, for example, computational linguistics, sociolinguistics, and discourse analysis.
Investigator(s)
Mr FAN, Kwok (Language Centre)
Duration:
Starting Date - April 1997
Completion Date - Completed

16
ARTS 32
CD ROM on English Pronunciation
An interactive learning package which aims at teaching the student how to articulate the 44 distinctive sounds of English.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr HUNG, Tony TN (Language Centre)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr NG, Krates HN (Department of Communication Studies)
Mr NG, John SK (Language Centre)
Duration
Starting Date - April 1998
Expected Completion Date - June 1999


ARTS 33
Phonology of Mainland Chinese English
The project was an investigation of the phonological system of the type of English spoken by university students in China. Spoken English data, consisting of lists of words which included all the vowels and consonants in English, were collected from a total of 100 students in Beijing universities, who came from
10 different Chinese dialect backgrounds. These data were analysed in order to discover the system of phonemic contrasts that operated in the speakers' internalised phonology of English. The CSL (Computerised Speech Laboratory) was used to analyse the formant frequencies of the vowels as pronounced by the subjects, which provided acoustic evidence of their differences in quality. Based on this evidence, and evidence from careful listening and transcription, an inventory of vowels and consonants was drawn up, which differed in minor ways between some dialect groups. The findings from this research are expected to be useful to language teachers in China, in increasing and sharpening their understanding of the problems of English-learners; the findings are also of interest to sociolinguists and other linguists interested in new or nascent varieties of World English.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr HUNG, Tony TN (Language Centre)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr DONG, Zhe (Department of Foreign Languages, Beijing Medical University, China)
Ms GUO, Liping (Department of Foreign Languages, Beijing Medical University, China)
Duration
Starting Date - February 1998 Completion Date - Completed
Source(s) of Funding
International Development Research Centre, Canada

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ARTS 34
A Comparative Study of Chinese Practical Writing of Hong Kong and Mainland China
The project collected examples of practical Chinese writing in Hong Kong and Mainland China and classified them into four categories: (1) business communication; (2) inter- and intragovernment correspondence; (3) personal communication; (4) writing specific to the two places. A comparison was made to look for commonalties and differences in writing formats, characteristics of wording, functions as well as the scopes of use. The product is a teaching reference book of about 150,000 Chinese characters. The book offers relevant exercises so that users may review what is covered in each chapter and section.
Investigator(s)
Dr LU, Dan Huai (Language Centre)
Duration
Starting Date - February 1997 Completion Date - Completed
****************************** ****************************** ARTS 35
Writing Letters with Ease: A Way to Success in Written Communication
Communication consistently receives one of the highest rankings among competencies that students should posses to achieve excellence in the workplace. The project made a study of contemporary written communication in English, which resulted in a sizable amount of up-to-date explanations and examples. The final product is a handbook which helps readers learn how to deal with problems in written communication in a wide variety of real-life situations. Readers can learn from the handbook how to organize ideas in order to communicate successfully in business and non-business environments.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr LU, Dan Huai (Language Centre)
Co-investigator( s)
Prof HILDEBRANDT, HW (University of Michigan, USA)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1996 Completion Date - Completed
****************************** ******************************
ARTS 36
Ecstasy of Waters
Ecstasy of Waters is a 13 minute long composition for piano duet, 4 hands. This piece explores subtle textural, timbral and rhythmic ideas within the framework of an introduction and series of variations. Pitch is controlled through manipulations of one primary and several secondary pitch cells. The work is

18
influenced by change-ringing, Balinese gamelan, African drumming, and contemporary Western minimalist music. The work was composed for Elizabeth Powell of the Sydney Conservatorium of Music.
Investigator(s)
Dr COLEMAN, Christopher B (Department of Music & Fine Arts)
Duration
Starting Date - November 1993
Expected Completion Date - August 1998
ARTS 37
HKCEE Music Syllabus 1983-1997: Propaganda, Identity or Cultural Change
The purpose of this research is to examine the social, cultural, and political forces behind changes in the music syllabus of the Hong Kong Certificate of Education Examination (HKCEE) between 1983 and 1997. In light of the social and political changes occurring in Hong Kong, centralized educational components (including the music syllabus) may interact with the larger changes in the society. The researchers investigated ways and to what extent the social, cultural, and political forces affected the HKCEE music syllabus. Data from various sources including interviews of members of the subject committee, content analysis of HKCEE music syllabuses, and literature review seemed to suggest that the change was due to the specific make-up of the HKCEE music subject
committee members and the process of curriculum development in Hong Kong. Data showed no direct relations between the increase of Chinese musical contents in the 1989 syllabus and the handover of Hong Kong in 1997. Nevertheless, Chinese music became essential in HKCEE in music since 1989. Some changes were made in the music syllabuses between 1983 and 1997, while the practical test remained in a consistent stature in the syllabuses. Most of the interviewees agreed that the grades of HKCEE music were more or less related to the change of syllabus in 1989. Some interviewees pointed that the music syllabus in 1989 was very difficult, especially in the listening part of the Chinese music paper. Teachers were not adequately prepared to teach Chinese music too.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr FUNG, Victor CK (Department of Music & Fine Arts)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr HO, Wai Chung (Department of Music & Fine Arts)
Duration
Starting Date - November 1997
Expected Completion Date - August 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
ARTS 38
Music Education, Political Change and Cultural

19
Transmission in Hong Kong and Singapore: A Comparative Study
Both Hong Kong and Singapore respond to Western impacts and challenges in their historical development, particularly having been under British legacy. The research examines music education as a social construction which is shaped by the state, as well as economic and cultural forces, and the state as a principal actor in defining the content of music education and manipulating the cultural dimensions in the school curriculum. To some extent, music education in Hong Kong has developed a context different from that of Singapore. The Hong Kong music education system has been dominated by Western classical music with a small part of Chinese music whilst the Singapore one has also been prevailed by Western classical music but it attempts to introduce an Asian cultural identity as well as other varied world cultures in its curriculum content. Data of this study are from multiple sources (a questionnaire-survey to Hong Kong music teachers, interviews of Singapore music educators, music syllabuses, and other literature). Findings reveal that both post-colonial states of Hong Kong and Singapore, one the one hand, maintain the British colonial construct in their music curricular content. On the other hand, both states have made efforts to re-orient the provision of music education to new perceptions of musical styles as a result of persisting national identity.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr HO, Wai Chung (Department of Music & Fine Arts)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr FUNG, Victor CK (Department of Music &
Fine Arts)
Duration
Starting Date - December 1997
Expected Completion Date - February 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
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ARTS 39
Political Transition and Politicization of Hong Kong Secondary Music Education
This research analyses from a historical perspective in the implementation of civic education in Hong Kong secondary music education between the 1980s and 1990s. It attempts to explore the struggles between political ideology and civic education in the Hong Kong music education system. This study argues that the promotion of civic education in Hong Kong music education has been seen as a significant indicator for pursuing smooth social transitions. This is made with reference to the researcher’s questionnaire-survey conducted between 1997 and 1998. The purpose of this survey is to map out music teachers’ preferences and opinions about the non-musical areas of the objectives and content of civic education in music education. One hundred and twentyseven secondary music teachers involved in the study. The finding regarding music teachers’ willingness to devote their music lessons to

20
promote civic education is relatively positive. Nevertheless, music teachers in the survey have complicated feelings toward the content of civic education that is considered worth teaching and the non-musical purpose of teaching the People’s Republic of China’s national anthem in schools.
Investigator(s)
Dr HO, Wai Chung (Department of Music & Fine Arts)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1997
Expected Completion Date - August 1998
Source(s) of Funding
Self-funding
ARTS 40
Conducting Performance of Cantatas by JS Bach
This project involved the study, rehearsal, and performance by The Hong Kong Bach Choir and Orchestra, and soloists Rosilyn Pi, soprano, Sam Kan, tenor, and Derek Anthony, bass, of four cantatas and excerpts from a fifth, by Johann Sebastian Bach. Works performed included BWV 51, Jauchzet Gott in alien Landen, BWV 65, Sie werden aus Saba alle kommen, BWV 73, Herr, wie du willt, so schick’s mit mir, BWV 212, Mer hahn en neue Oberkeet (the ‘Peasant Cantata’), and two arias from BWV 68, Also hat Gott die Welt geliebt. The selections are representative of several streams of Bach’s cantata writing, and include sacred and secular,
solo and choral works. The concert, a Provisional Urban Council presentation, was given on 16 November 1997 in the City Hall Concert Hall, conducted by Jerome Hoberman.
Investigator(s)
Mr HOBERMAN, Jerome (Department of Music & Fine Arts)
Duration
Starting Date - August 1997 Completion Date - Completed
Source(s) of Funding
Provisional Urban Council
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21
11 December 1997 in City Hall Concert Hall, was conducted by Jerome Hoberman.
Investigator(s)
Mr HOBERMAN, Jerome (Department of Music & Fine Arts)
Duration
Starting Date - July 1997 Completion Date - Completed
Source(s) of Funding
Hong Kong Arts Development Council Provisional Urban Council
Lufthansa German Airlines
Friends of the Hong Kong Bach Choir Individual Contributors
Box Office Receipts
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22
Investigator(s)
Mr HOBERMAN, Jerome (Department of
Music & Fine Arts)
Duration
Starting Date - December 1997
Completion Date - Completed
Source(s) of Funding
Hong Kong Arts Development Council
Provisional Urban Council
Dresdner Bank
Lufthansa German Airlines
Friends of the Hong Kong Bach Choir
Individual Contributors
Box Office Receipts
ARTS 44
Conducting Performance of Works by Auber, Mascagni and Mozart
This project involved the study, rehearsal and performance by the Hong Kong Baptist University Orchestra of the Overture to Fra Diavolo by Daniel-Francois-Esprit Auber, the Intermezzo from Cavalleria rusticana by Pietro Mascagni, and Symphony No. 35 in D, K. 385 (the ‘Haffner’) by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Auber was an important French composer of operas during the passage from the Classical to the Romantic period; Mascagni was the preeminent composer of verismo opera in fin de siecle Italy. The Haffner symphony, a work of Mozart's early maturity, is among his most popular pieces, and is important in an
educational context because of its challenging string writing. The concert, conducted by Jerome Hoberman, was given on 1 May 1998 at Hong Kong Baptist University.
Investigator(s)
Mr HOBERMAN, Jerome (Department of Music & Fine Arts)
Duration
Starting Date - August 1997
Completion Date - Completed
Source(s) of Funding
Department of Music & Fine Arts
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ARTS 45
Conducting Performance of Works by Chabrier, David, Grieg, MacDowell, Mendelssohn and Saint-Saens
This project involved the study, rehearsal and performance by the Hong Kong Baptist University Orchestra of the Fete polonaise from the opera Le Roi malgre lui by Emmanuel Chabrier, the Overture to Athalie by Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, and four works for soloist and orchestra: the Concertino for Trombone and Orchestra by Ferdinand David, the Piano Concerto by Edvard Grieg, the Piano Concerto No. 2 by Edward MacDowell, and the Piano Concerto No. 2 by Camille Saint-Saens. Soloists were trombonist Chau Wing Kam and pianists Li Cheung, Jowie Kan Chung Wai and

23
Yau So Han, respectively, for whom these performances were partial fulfilment of their Honours Project requirement. The concert was performed on 23 December 1997 in the Academic Community Hall of Hong Kong Baptist University, conducted by Jerome Hoberman.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Mr HOBERMAN, Jerome (Department of Music & Fine Arts)
Co-investigator( s)
Ms CHAU, Wing Kam (Department of Music & Fine Arts)
Ms KAN, Jowie CW (Department of Music & Fine Arts)
Ms LI, Cheung (Department of Music & Fine Arts)
Ms YAU, So Han (Department of Music & Fine Arts)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1997 Completion Date - Completed
Source(s) of Funding
Department of Music & Fine Arts
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A Digital Archive of Chinese Instrument Sound Samples and Li Jiang Etudes for Computer-Generated Tape
Phase one: The creation and careful documentation of a digital archive of sampled Chinese instrumental sounds appropriate for use in electro-acoustic compositions and timbral analysis. The recorded are being edited and formatted for the production of audio CDs, acting as ‘sonic seeds’ for composers (and students) to use in the creation of electroacoustic compositions. The recording process employed the detailed documentation of recording equipment and techniques used necessary for use in future sound analysis and resythesis, often part of the composition process itself.
Phase two: These sampled sounds were used to produce an original composition, Li Jiang Etudes, for computer-generated tape. The first Etude is 11.4 minutes in duration. Two additional Etudes are planned.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr KEYES, Christopher J (Department of Music & Fine Arts)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr CHEN, John KP (Department of Music & Fine Arts)
Duration
Starting Date - July 1998
Expected Completion Date - March 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant

24
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ARTS 47
A Hurried Darkness, an Original Composition for Trombone and Piano
A Hurried Darkness is a work of nine minutes duration, commissioned and premiered by Philip Brink, principal trombonist of the Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra. The work exploits more of the expressive lyric quality of the trombone, and less of the often exploited technical possibilities. Through composed, the work employs frequently shifting complex/ compound meters (often 5+7). The intervallic relationships in the first few measures of the work dominate all sections, which vary from octatonic to completely chromatic pitch structures.
Investigator(s)
Dr KEYES, Christopher J (Department of Music
& Fine Arts)
Duration
Starting Date - December 1997 Completion Date - Completed
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25
Duration
Starting Date - October 1997 Completed Date - Completed
Source(s) of Funding
Hong Kong Philharmonic Society
Hong Kong Urban Council
Hong Kong Composer's Guild
ARTS 50
Realisation and Digital Formatting of the Original Composition Of Wood, Spring, and Bamboo: Variations for Harpsichord on the Chinese Melody 'Beautiful Spring'
This was a creative project in which the recent original composition Of Wood Spring and Bamboo by Dr Christopher Keyes was realised by harpsichordist Dr Joyce Lindorff, and prepared for dissemination via digital recording and computer printing of the score. The final product, in a cultural context that often looks at Western influence on Chinese music and musicians, documents (perhaps refreshingly) the influence of Chinese music on Western artists.
Investigator(s)
Dr KEYES, Christopher J (Department of Music & Fine Arts)
Duration
Starting Date - March 1998
Expected Completion Date - August 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
ARTS 51
Criteria for Effective Teaching of Chinese Music in Hong Kong Tertiary Institutions
The project endeavours to find out ways to improve the quality of teaching Chinese music in tertiary institutions in Hong Kong, in the light of the content of the papers presented at the seminar on Traditional Music Education in China, organised by the Hong Kong Ethnomusicology Society and the Centre of Asian Studies, The University of Hong Kong. Participants at the seminar were convinced that the Chinese music curriculum at tertiary institutions in Hong Kong was too theoretical, and therefore more akin to exploring an aspect of Chinese cultural history than treating music as a performing art with features distinctly different from the more familiar Western music tradition. This would create a problem with music graduates who take up school teaching as a profession, as there is a need to deal with music of the living tradition. Quantitative and qualitative data will be collected from serving teachers, which will be organised into a form that could be useful in curriculum change.
Investigator(s)
Dr LAM, Ching Wah (Department of Music & Fine Arts)

26
Duration
Starting Date - January 1997 Completion Date - Completed
ARTS 52
The Notion of Music Education in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Birth of School Songs in China
The project endeavours to investigate the impact of the Hundred Days Reform inaugurated by Kang Youwei in 1898 on the re-modelling of the education system in China, as described in Qinding Xuetang Zhangcheng (Imperially Commissioned Curriculum for Schools) published in 1906 by the Education Department of the Qing Court, focusing on the nature and extent music was to have in education, with special emphasis on primary and secondary schools. The suggestion of limiting the repertoire of songs taught in schools to settings of Chinese poems, particularly those of the Tang dynasty, was contradictory to the Xuetang Yuege (school songs) introduced to China by scholars such as Shen Xingong, Zeng Zhimin and Li Shutong, who were influenced by music taught in Japan, Germany and the United States. Primary sources relating to music, education and music education from 1898 to 1920 will be examined so as to shed light on the apparent change of pedagogic attitude, leading to the overwhelming influence of Western music in China in the early decades of the twentieth century.
Investigator(s)
Dr LAM, Ching Wah (Department of Music &
Fine Arts)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1998
Expected Completion Date - December 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
ARTS 53
Conducting Performance in the International Choral Competition CANTO SUL GARDA, Italy
The project involved the preparation, rehearsal and performance of a mixed programme of music for the competition. The pieces chosen were by Mozart, Mendelssohn, and Samuel KH Kwok. The Baptist University choir performed the pieces before an international panel of judges and an international audience.
Investigator(s)
Mr Ryan, Michael J (Department of Music & Fine Arts)
Duration
Starting Date - June 1997
Completion Date - Completed

27
Source(s) of Funding
President & Vice-Chancellor (special fund) own resources
ARTS 54
Conducting Performance in the International Choral Competition ‘3. Internationale Chortage’, Pohlheim, Germany
The project involved the preparation, rehearsal and performance of a mixed programme of music for the competition. The pieces chosen were by Lassus, Parry, and Samuel KH Kwok. The Baptist University choir performed the pieces before an international panel of judges and an international audience.
Investigator(s)
Mr Ryan, Michael J (Department of Music & Fine Arts)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1998
Completion Date - Completed
Source(s) of Funding
President & Vice-Chancellor (special fund) own resources
ARTS 55
Analysis and Performance of Chopin’s Preludes for Piano, Op. 28
The impact of analysis on musical performance has been largely neglected by those who are teaching theory and the subject of theory has been taught without much focus on the practical implications of theoretic terms. This project demonstrates how analysis can improve one’s understanding of music’s structure and materials, hence can illuminate performance. A Schenkerian analytic system will be introduced in the text with an abundance of musical excerpts and analytical illustrations, and its graphic notation will be explained to enhance the understanding of musical structure, subsequently, questions of musical interpretation can be answered through theoretical insights.
Investigator(s)
Dr YIH, Annie KP (Department of Music & Fine Arts)
Duration
Starting Date - November 1996
Expected Completion Date - June 2000
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ARTS 56
Analyzing Debussy: Tonality, Sets and the RPSC
It is commonly recognized that in the analysis of works that employ diatonicism but are integrated with prominent experimental elements that cannot be explained as tonally

28
functional, the issue of tonality is complex. Unlike other studies that either relegate experimental pitch materials to an ornamental role or treat them as interruptions in the larger tonal context, this paper proposes that seemingly inimical materials in the work are related to a single source of pitch material and are integrated by melodic and harmonic motives. It is hoped that the use of an integrated analytic approach, a departure from the usual approach to post-tonal experimental works, which focuses on the motivic as well as structural aspects of Debussy’s music, may reveal unity and continuity more effectively than any non-integrative means.
Investigator(s)
Dr YIH, Annie KP (Department of Music & Fine Arts)
Duration
Starting Date - December 1996 Completion Date - Completed
Source(s) of Funding
Self-funding
ARTS 57
An English Translation of Trade Complet de la Theorie et de la Pratique de PHarmonie (1844), livre troisieme, 'de la tonalite, et de la modulation dans 1’harmonie’ by Francois-Joseph
Fetis, with a Modicum of Commentary
This project consists of an English translation (with a modicum of commentary) of Book Three: ‘On Tonality and Modulation in Harmony’ of the treatise A Complete Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Harmony (from 1879 edition) by Francois-Joseph Fetis (1784-1871). The third book of this treatise contains a presentation of four orders of tonality.
During the 19th century, many theorists were concerned with the concept of tonality. Fetis’s classification of tonality into four orders was based on a historical conception of chord usage and of modulation. Although Fetis considered the four orders to be based on a common assumption that all harmonies in a piece of music were related to one another under the majorminor system of pitch organization, throughout the text, Fetis’s presentation and discussion of these four orders revealed problems in several important theoretical issues which took decades to clarify. In the translation, it is not the translator’s aim to interpret but to remain faithful to the original text and present these theoretical issues as they appear in the 1879 edition.
Investigator(s)
Dr YIH, Annie KP (Department of Music & Fine Arts)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1995
Expected Completion Date - August 2000
Source(s) of Funding
Self-funding

29
ARTS 58
Enhancing Performance through Schenkerian Analysis: Phrase Rhythm in Nos. 3 and 4 of Chopin's Preludes, Op. 28
Relating analysis to performance on issues of interpretation is a complicated and challenging enterprise. Because an analysis can reveal different interpretive possibilities of performance decision from which a performer can choose, the path from analysis to performance is indeed a complex one. Music in these two works encompasses a dimension that is primarily temporal in nature. This paper will focus on a temporal dimension that concerns the concept of meter as rhythm and aspects related to rhythm at a higher structural level. By understanding the phrase rhythm derived from an analysis of the structure of the music, a performer can make reasoned decisions on phrasing choices.
Investigator(s)
Dr YIH, Annie KP (Department of Music & Fine Arts)
Duration
Starting Date - December 1997
Expected Completion Date - April 1999
Source(s) of Funding
Self-funding
ARTS 59
A Schenkerian-Based Comprehensive Musicianship Ear-Training Workbook Series (with cassette tapes)
Ear-training is a fundamental part of musical training but listening skills have been introduced technically without much focus on their musical implications. This project aims to prepare and train musicians to develop musical intuition through an integrative approach that would enable students to understand better how musical materials are historically developed and used. Students will learn to understand: (1) the practice of melodic diminutions (from simple to more advanced); (2) that voice leading is governed by species counterpoint and thorough-bass (figured-bass) practice developed for what is known as 'common-practiceJ tonal music primarily in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries; and (3) the relationships between harmony and voice leading. The organization of materials and their presentation are based on Schenker's theory. The series will consist of cassette tapes to go with four volumes of exercises designed for use in four semesters as part of comprehensive ear-training. Later and more advanced dictation exercises will use musical exercepts from literature.
Investigator(s)
Dr YIH, Annie KP (Department of Music & Fine Arts)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1995
Expected Completion Date - August 2000

30
Source(s) of Funding
Self-funding
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ARTS 60
A Comparative Approach to Moral Education
The projects explores common ideals of moral education in China and the West and examines to what extent their development has been constrained by political and economic conditions within which individual and public life unfolds. It is expected that the research will reveal a general lack of vision for moral education that can cross-culturally be shared.
Investigator(s)
Prof BECKER, Gerhold K (Department of Religion & Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - May 1998
Expected Completion Date - October 1998
ARTS 61
The Concepts of Human Dignity and Personhood as Ethical Norms
Respect for persons, their dignity and their
rights, holds a prominent place among the principles that have defined moral thought and shaped the development of society. The project will examine some of the moral implications of technological advances in the life sciences that have begun to challenge some of the fundamental beliefs about what makes humans so special in the hierachy of beings and what are the foundations of their ‘inalienable rights’ and their moral worth. It is expected that the project will lead to a revised concept of human personhood that also gives due consideration to the respect humans owe to non-human life forms.
Investigator(s)
Prof BECKER, Gerhold K (Department of Religion & Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1997
Expected Completion Date - August 1999
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ARTS 62
The Ethical Challenge of Human Cloning: A Continuing Debate
The project continues earlier research and inquires into various aspects of the debate on human cloning within the parameters of the Western ethics of personhood; it extends its consideration to non-Western particularly Chinese, arguments against cloning and explores the possibility of a cloning moratorium on the basis of moral values that are shared cross-culturally.

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Investigator(s)
Prof BECKER, Gerhold K (Department of
Religion & Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - November 1997
Completion Date - Completed
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ARTS 63
Globalization and Moral Conflict
The projects investigates the origin of moral conflicts in an historical and systematic perspective and puts the main focus on issues of moral and cultural diversity. It explores possibilities to overcome moral conflicts and to promote common values without jeopardizing the consistency of moral theories.
Investigator(s)
Prof BECKER, Gerhold K (Department of Religion & Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - February 1998 Completion Date - Completed
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ARTS 64
Bioethics and Genetic
This project studies the ethical problems of carrying out genetic research and applying genetic technology on humans. In this connection, moral problems related to genetic therapy, human cloning and so on will be examined.
Investigator(s)
Dr CHAN, Jonathan KL (Department of Religion & Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1997 Completion Date - Completed
ARTS 65
Logic and Philosophy of Logic in Contemporary China: A Critical Reflection
This research is mainly concerned with the study of the principles of logic and the philosophical problems raised by logic. In other words, the research is about logic and the philosophy of logic. Nevertheless, this study focuses not only on logic and the philosophy of logic as such. The major task of this project is to investigate the development of logic and the philosophy of logic in contemporary China. The project is, however, not merely descriptive, but also analytical and critical. Firstly, it aims to appraise the current scholarship of the fields in Chinese work. Secondly, its ultimate goal is to make contributions to the study of the principles of logic and the philosophical problems raised by logic.

32
Investigator(s)
Dr CHAN, Jonathan KL (Department of Religion & Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - March 1996
Expected Completion Date - August 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
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Source(s) of Funding
College Research Grants, Lingnan College
****************************** ******************************
ARTS 68
Structural Integration of Social Services and Religious Faith: The Model of Methodist Church in Hong Kong
It is generally agreed that Christian churches in Hong Kong have played a significant role in education, social and medical services. Inspiring from the recent sociological discussion of state and society, and of social movement theories, the researcher hypothesizes that the success of Christian church in Hong Kong is highly dependent upon (1) whether the church could negotiate with the government and tap resources from it, and (2) the churches could evolve into a rational organization which could manage the bureaucracy, recruit members, allocate material and human resources for the needs of organization, produce ideology and sustain commitment of members. The researcher chooses the Methodist church in Hong Kong as an exemplary case and will study the development of her social roles in social service from 1950 to 1997.
Investigator(s)
Dr CHAN, Shun Hing (Department of Religion & Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - July 1997
Expected Completion Date - December 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
****************************** ******************************
ARTS 69
A Political Philosophy from Xunzi and Li Ki-Li Yun
This project aims at finding out the relation between the theory of Li in Li Ki-Li Yun and the views of Li in Xunzi- The major purpose is to offer a critical assessment of this proposition: a political philosophy which can live with the modern conditions can be developed naturally from the Confucian tradition through the long neglected Xunzi School together with the theory of Li Yun in Li Ki-Li Yun. The provisional conclusion is that the proposition is true. The project also seeks to explain how the development of such a political philosophy is possible.
Investigator(s)
Dr CHEUNG, Leo KC (Department of Religion & Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - June 1998
Expected Completion Date - May 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant

34
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35
to ‘The blind and the lame’ in 2 Sam. 5.6-8 as rhetorical devices directing us on the one hand to the story of Yahweh’s rejection of the house of the blind Eli and on the other to the story of David’s showing his royal hospitality to the lame Mephibosheth. Being remnants of the priestly and royal families of the northern tribes, these two men are also types of the remnants of the northern kingdom, who are also called the blind and the lame and are to be assembled and reigned by Yahweh in Mount Zion (Jer. 31.6-8; Micah 4.6-7). The saying that ‘the blind and the lame shall not come into the house’ (2 Sam. 5.8b) directs us as much to the accounts of the expulsion of Abiathar from being priest and the execution of Shimei, the last Saulide, as a rejection of a unified Israel (cf. Zech. 11.4). The literary implication of this study is, contrary to scholarly consensus, that Samuel-Kings cannot be the source of Chronicles.
Investigator(s)
Dr HO, Craig YS (Department of Religion & Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - 1996
Expected Completion Date - January 1999
ARTS 73
The Stories of the Family Trouble of Judah and David— A Study of Their Literary Links
The study shows that the story of Judah and Tamar in Genesis 39, a very popular story in
Old Testament scholarship, has a lot more thematic and linguistic links with the so-called Succession Narrative in 2 Samuel 11-1 Kings 2 than have so far been suggested. The main part of the essay is a demonstration and argument for the existence of these links; historical conjectures and arguments are then offered in the second part to explain the emergence of the story of Judah and Tamar. At the end I suggest that the short story in Genesis 38 had been created out of the Succession Narrative to provide the last missing genealogical link between Judah and David via Perez, an ancestor of David, born of an extraordinary sexual encounter between Judah and his daughter-in-law Tamar.
Investigator(s)
Dr HO, Craig YS (Department of Religion & Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1997
Expected Completion Date - December 1998
ARTS 74
Modernization, Secularization and Journalist Values
One of the factors reinforcing interest in modernity and religion is an increasing consciousness of many human societies that now exist and a recognition of the overwhelming variety of cultures associated with them. However, the success of modernity accompanied not only the progressive rationalization of social life, but also, in the sphere of culture, the

36
secularization of beliefs and practices. This paper attempts to investigate whether there are any universal values that a journalist could hold in the process of modernization and secularization in the Asian context.
Investigator(s)
Dr IP, King Tak (Department of Religion & Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - May 1998
Expected Completion Date - September 1998
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ARTS 75
Xin-Sanzijing (The New Three-Character Text) and Issues Related to Global Ethic
Global ethic seeks to resolve global problems by means of ideas, values and norms shared by all cultures and societies. Sanzijing (The Three-Character Text) is a traditional way to inculcate in children’s mind the Chinese traditional values. A new three-character text was published in 1995 with a view to teaching children ideas, values and norms which could equip them to become citizens in modern China. This essay is an attempt to see how the Xin-Sanzijing (The New Three-Character Text) relates to the construction of a global ethic. By comparing the content of the Xin-Sanzijing with Declaration Toward a Global Ethic and A Universal Declaration of Human Responsibilities, issues like patriotism, ideal global community and human rights are addressed.
Investigator(s)
Dr IP, King Tak (Department of Religion & Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1998 Completion Date - Completed
ARTS 76
Divine Omniscience and Human Freedom
Classical theism believes that God is omniscient, or he knows all. While it is held that God knows all that can be known or all the truths that are knowable, philosophers and theologians differ significantly in the knowability of events, and in the actual range and content of the divine knowledge. This study examines the issue of the compatibility of foreknowledge and freedom. It seeks to show that even if philosophers are satisfied with their compatibility, the claim of ‘omniscience with exhaustive knowledge of the future’ may not be attractive on theological considerations.
Investigator(s)
Dr KANG, Phee Seng (Department of Religion
& Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - March 1998
Expected Completion Date - September 1999

37
ARTS 77
Doctrine, Truth and Religious Dialogue—A Study of Theological Methodology and the New Yale School of Theology
Postliberal theology represents one of the most significant theological movements in the United States in the past two decades. Its central architects are theologians primarily associated with Yale Divinity University. This study is a critical evaluation of the understanding of ‘religion’, ‘doctrine’, ‘truth’, ‘dialogue’ and ‘theological methodology’ in the postliberal ‘cultural-linguistic’ approach.
This and other studies represent the investigator’s sustained interest in the area of theological hermeneutics and methodology.
Investigator(s)
Dr KANG, Phee Seng (Department of Religion
& Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1996
Expected Completion Date - September 1999
ARTS 78
Human Cloning and Christian
Response
Human cloning is no longer a science fiction after the success of somatic cell nuclear transfer technique in mammalian cloning (Nature, February 1997). This study focuses on Christian theological responses to human cloning, in particular, its implications on identity, personhood and reproduction. The Christian perspective will be compared with that from the Chinese.
Investigator(s)
Dr KANG, Phee Seng (Department of Religion & Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - February 1997
Expected Completion Date - September 1999
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38
Investigator(s)
Dr KANG, Phee Seng (Department of Religion
&	Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1997
Expected Completion Date - December 1999
ARTS 80
The Impossibility of Religious Pluralism—The Nature of Religion and Religious Dialogue
Gavin D’Costa in a recent article discredited the threefold typology ‘exclusivism, inclusivism and pluralism’ as untenable. He argues that ‘pluralism must always logically be a form of exclusivism and that nothing called pluralism really exists’. By virtue of her act of exclusion of contrary positions, a pluralist is in essence an exclusivist.
John Hick in his reply dismissed the view that the employment of criteria as such constitutes exclusivism. According to Hick, D’Costa’s approach obscures the important distinction between the singularity and the plurality of revelation and fails to distinguish the logical status of ‘religious claims’ (first-order creed) and ‘approaches to religion’ (second-order theory).
This study evaluates the logic of D’Costa and the criticisms of Hick. It also explores the implication of this debate for religious dialogue in a pluralistic society.
Investigator(s)
Dr KANG, Phee Seng (Department of Religion
&	Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - March 1998
Expected Completion Date - September 1999
ARTS 81
The Making of Theology: Reformation Theology and Patristic Foundation
This study explores the significance of the humanity of Jesus Christ in classical (patristic) theological formulations for the theologies of the reformers of the sixteenth century.
This and other studies represent the investigator’s sustained interest in the field of theological hermeneutics and methodology.
Investigator(s)
Dr KANG, Phee Seng (Department of Religion & Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1996
Completion Date - Completed
ARTS 82

39
Modern Science and the Development of Christian Theology
The historian Herbert Butterfield once commented that the only landmark with which the impact of the seventeenth-century Scientific Revolution could be compared was the rise of Christianity. This study is an interpretation of the development of Christian theology in light of its response to the rise of modern science. It focuses also on some major epistemological concerns in contemporary science-religion dialogue.
This and other studies represent the investigator’s sustained interest in the field of theological hermeneutics and methodology.
Investigator(s)
Dr KANG, Phee Seng (Department of Religion
& Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - March 1996
Expected Completion Date - December 1999
ARTS 83
Theological Reflection on the Meaning and Significance of National Identity in the Context of Hong Kong’s Return to China
The issue of church-state relation has been one of the main issues that divides Christian
Churches in Hong Kong as 1997 approaches. One good example is the recent heated controversy generated by the issue of ‘national day celebration’ in 1996. This study is a theological reflection on the meaning and significance of national identity in the context of the changing of sovereignty.
Investigator(s)
Dr KANG, Phee Seng (Department of Religion
& Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - March 1996
Expected Completion Date - December 1998
ARTS 84
Christian Sexual Ethics in Modern Society
There are many controversial ethical issues about sex, e.g. homosexuality, pornography. The traditional Christian standards are usually at variance with secular perspective. There are voices from within Christianity which urge the revision of those standards. There are criticisms from the outside which allege that those standards are incompatible with the ethos of a free democratic society. This project looks at these challenges and try to analyse the basic ethical issues behind these controversies.
Investigator(s)
Dr KWAN, Kai Man (Department of Religion
& Philosophy)

40
Duration
Starting Date - April 1998
Expected Completion Date - May 1999
ARTS 85
The Contemporary Dialogue between Religion and Modern Science: A Preliminary Study
Religion and science are usually seen as enemies. However, contemporary developments in science, history of science, and philosophy of science have largely changed this picture. Nowadays many scholars think that there are a lot of areas where cross-fertilization of science and religion is possible. This project aims at studying these areas of fruitful dialogue, e.g. scientific method, evolution vs. creation, Big Bang Cosmology, and analysing the basic issues involved.
Investigator(s)
Dr KWAN, Kai Man (Department of Religion
& Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1996
Completion Date - Completed
ARTS 86
Is the Decline of Religion Inevitable in the Modern Society? Rethinking the Theory of Secularization
Many sociologists contend that as the process of modernization goes on, the secularization of religion is inevitable. Among the effects of this inevitable secularization, it is alleged, is the decline of the vitality of religion. This project tries to evaluate this theory. First, the different aspects of the secularization theory are analysed and distinguished. Second, empirical data about the vitality of religion from various continents are adduced to test the theory. It is concluded that while the pressure on religion is great during worldwide modernization, the decline of religion is neither universal nor inevitable. Third, I look at the explanations offered by some secularization theorist, e.g. Bryan Wilson, and find them wanting.
Investigator(s)
Dr KWAN, Kai Man (Department of Religion
& Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - October 1997
Completion Date - Completed

ARTS 87
Thomas Kuhn’s Philosophy of Science and Rationality in the Liberal Arts Tradition

41
This project tackles the difference between science and the liberal arts. It is commonly alleged that while natural sciences are rational hard sciences, liberal arts subjects (humanities in particular) are basically non-rational disciplines. I argue that this dichotomy is based on a positivist understanding of science which is shown to be invalid by contemporary development in the philosophy of science. I discuss Thomas Kuhn’s philosophy of science in some details. I argue that his insights do not render science wholly relative but he does make a softer account of scientific rationality possible. This in turn shows that the differences between natural sciences and liberal arts are not absolute. Instead, both exhibit rationality to different degrees.
Investigator(s)
Dr KWAN, Kai Man (Department of Religion & Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1998 Completion Date - Completed
ARTS 88
The Commonality of the Philosophical Agenda of Feminism and Chinese Philosophy: The Case of Gender and Science
The study starts with an investigation of the feminists’ critique of Western modern science which ends up in a new agenda of science—
‘Feminist Science’. Characteristics of this new agenda are summarized and followed with a discussion of the case of Ecofeminism. As scholars of the new suggested science turn to Chinese I-Ching for reference, Chinese model of causality of I-Ching is introduced. Finally, some comparative considerations between the two domains are presented and discussed.
Investigator(s)
Dr MAN, Eva KW (Department of Religion & Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1998
Expected Completion Date - December 1998
ARTS 89
Critique of the Development of Western Feminist Aesthetics
The study first provides the background and development of Western feminist aesthetics, then investigates the main agenda of its critique of traditional Western aesthetics. It also discusses what the feminist aestheticians try to advocate, their strategies and practices in achieving their goals. The main part of the study is to raise some significant reflections of the movement. Finally, recent response and criticism are also considered.
Investigator(s)
Dr MAN, Eva KW (Department of Religion & Philosophy)

42
Duration
Starting Date - May 1996 Completion Date - Completed
ARTS 90
Gender, Dance and Body Politics
The study starts with an investigation of the nature of dance, then follows with the history of the relation between gender and dance in the West at the beginning of the 20th century in which the case of Isadora Duncan is analysed. To facilitate reading of Duncan’s body politics, the original social function of dance is reflected and also the ideas of feminist aesthetics. Finally, the situation of post-modern dance is reviewed and also the manifestations of the body politics of contemporary dance related to gender issues.
Investigator(s)
Dr MAN, Eva KW (Department of Religion & Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - March 1997 Completion Date - Completed
ARTS 91
The Humanism in Lao Ssu-kuang’s Early Thought
The study is an investigation of the local philosopher, Lao Ssu-kuang’s early thought by reading his work in the 50s and the 60s in which a strong humanistic fervor is detected. Lao’s humanism is then analysed and summarized from his views on freedom, religion, morality, etc. presented in his early writings. The foundation and arguments of Lao’s humanism are also discussed.
Investigator(s)
Dr MAN, Eva KW (Department of Religion & Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - May 1997 Completion Date - Completed
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43
Duration
Starting Date - March 1998
Expected Completion Date - October 1998
ARTS 93
Investigation into the Religious Aspects of Confucianism
This project is an invited study by the Lutheran World Federation. The study aims to argue that the Confucian tradition can be seen as having a religious dimension by first considering some definitions of religion and the religious dimension, then by outlining some of the basic beliefs and principles of the Confucian tradition. This is to determine whether or not Confucianism can fit within these definitions as well as how Confucianism might enrich them.
Investigator(s)
Dr MAN, Eva KW (Department of Religion & Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - July 1997 Completion Date - Completed
ARTS 94
Zhu Guangqian and Contemporary Chinese
Aesthetics
The project aims at a dialogue among international scholars on the contemporary Chinese aesthetician, Zhu Guangqian’s contribution to the scene of contemporary aesthetics in mainland China. An invited group of scholars, including the investigator of the project, will write on Zhu’s influences on the future development of Chinese aesthetics into the 21st century and also critique of his work. A comparative study of the views of these scholars will also be conducted by the investigator who will edit all the related writings and the comparative study mentioned into a book.
Investigator(s)
Dr MAN, Eva KW (Department of Religion & Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1997
Expected Completion Date - November 1998
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ARTS 95
A Modern Interpretation of the Pre-Ch’in Taoist Philosophy
This is a comprehensive and systematic study of the Pre-Ch’in Taoist philosophy, covering various important philosophical issues such as the meaning of Tao, the functions of Nothingness, the approaches to Tao and the ultimate concern of humankind. It consists of three parts. The first and second parts deal with the philosophy of Lao Tzu and Chuang Tzu

44
respectively. The third and final part is a synthetic study of Taoist philosophy in light of its relationship to Western and modern thought.
Investigator(s)
Dr NG, Yu Kwan (Department of Religion & Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1996 Completion Date - Completed
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ARTS 96
Seven Lectures on the Philosophy of the Kyoto School
This is an introductory but detailed study of the philosophy of the Kyoto School, a substantial and powerful Japan-initiated philosophical school in modern world. The study was undertaken in a comparative perspective in religion and philosophy. It covers all the seven important members of the School: Nishida Kitaro, Tanabe Hajime, Hisamatsu Shin’ichi, Nishitani Keiji,Takeuchi Yoshinori, Abe Masao and Ueda Shizuteru.
Investigator(s)
Dr NG, Yu Kwan (Department of Religion & Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1996
Completion Date - Completed
ARTS 97
A Study of Buddhist Epistemology
The present project is a historical study of Buddhist epistemology with emphasis on both textual and conceptual aspects. In view of the fact that the development of Buddhist epistemology spanned a very long period, my study will be confined to the scope from Sakyamuni the Buddha, the founder of Buddhism, to Dignaga and Dharmakirti, in whom the theory of Buddhist epistemology reached its culmination. I will also examine, in a critical way, how well Buddhist epistemology developed in the light of Buddhists’ unique standpoint of Emptiness or Non-substantiality, is able to account for our ordinary cognitive activities.
Investigator(s)
Dr NG, Yu Kwan (Department of Religion & Philosophy)
Duration
Staring Date - September 1997
Expected Completed Date - August 1999
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmarked Research Grant
ARTS 98
A Study of the Theory of Alaya

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Consciousness in Yogacara Buddhism
This is a textual and philosophical study of the theory of alaya consciousness in Yogacara Buddhism. In this branch of Buddhism, it is held that consciousness is fundamental, and that the external world is nothing but its manifestation. Every sentient being is equally endowed with eight consciousnesses. The most important one is the alaya consciousness, where all seeds of the other consciousnesses are stored. This alaya consciousness is ontological and psychological in nature. Its transformation also has a soteriological implication. A comprehensive study of its theory can reveal how in Buddhism the issue of transmigration is dealt with, how the breakthrough of transmigration is conducted and how liberation is achieved.
Investigator(s)
Dr NG, Yu Kwan (Department of Religion & Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - July 1997
Expected Completion Date - June 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
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ARTS 99
Dreams of Wholeness
This project involved writing a textbook for use
in the Religion, Psychology, and Personal Growth classes at HKBU. The book is an embellished version of the lectures I have given for this class and its predecessor (Psychology and Christianity) over the past nine years. It examines ways of using Freudian and Jungian theories of dream interpretation to promote personal growth in healthy individuals. The implications of these psychological theories for human evil, love, and religious experience are other important themes discussed in the book. The book’s four parts are organized according to the stages in a butterfly’s development; recalling dreams (the egg); interpreting dreams (the caterpillar); becoming the dream (the cocoon); and enjoying the dream (the butterfly).
Investigator(s)
Dr PALMQUIST, Stephen R (Department of Religion & Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - December 1996 Completion Date - Completed
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46
complete ‘Concordance’ to the same work; a ‘Glossary’ of Kant’s technical terms; a ‘Bibliography’ of English translations of Kant’s writings; and an html copy of my popular Kant on the Web web pages. Part Two also includes Mark Pilgrim’s humourous Kant-Generator Pro text simulation program.
Investigator(s)
Dr PALMQUIST, Stephen R (Department of Religion & Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - November 1997 Completion Date - Completed
ARTS 101
Kant’s Architectonic Turn as a Model for Philosophical Practice: The Philosopher as Architect, Teacher, or Friend?
This project grew out of a series of email messages exchanged between the investigators, through which we became aware of a potentially significant difference in our interpretations of Kant’s theory of the ‘architectonic’ nature of philosophy. One regarded architecture as the guiding model, while the other gave a primary role to teaching. We decided to present our differing viewpoints in the form of a joint paper to be presented at the World Congress of Philosophy in Boston, to be held in August of 1998.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr PALMQUIST, Stephen R (Department of Religion & Philosophy)
Co-investigator( s)
Dr MANCHESTER, Paula (Community Care Companions)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1998
Expected Completion Date - August 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
ARTS 102
Kant’s Critical Religion
This project is an in depth study of Immanuel Kant’s philosophy of religion. It involves the research for and writing of a monograph, entitled Kant’s Critical Religion, along with about ten related journal articles. After a general introduction to the author’s ‘perspectival’ methods of interpreting Kant, revealing the ‘theocentric’ implications of Kant’s philosophical system, the book examines Kant’s theology (views on the nature of God, the reasons for believing in god’s existence, and the relation between theology and religion), his theory of religion (with special emphasis on Christianity), and his views on religious experience (with special emphasis on mysticism).

47
Investigator(s)
Dr PALMQUIST, Stephen R (Department of Religion & Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - October 1992
Expected Completion Date - October 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
ARTS 103
Kant’s Critical Science
This project is an in depth study of Immanuel Kant’s philosophy of science. It involves the research for and writing of the third volume in the four-volume series entitled Kant’s System of Perspectives. Part I of the book examines Kant’s own view of science. Parts II-IV demonstrate that the major transformations that took place in the natural sciences, life sciences, and social science during the 150 years after Kant were largely due to his influence. The common claim that Kant’s philosophy is made obsolete by its dependence on classical scientific theories that have now been surpassed is thereby shown to be false: Kant intended his philosophy of science to provide a grounding for all possible science.
Investigator(s)
Dr PALMQUIST, Stephen R (Department of Religion & Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - December 1995
Expected Completion Date - November 2003
Source(s) of Funding
RGC Earmarked Research Grant




ARTS 104
Perspectives in Counseling
This project entailed writing a paper, subtitled ‘Kant’s Categories and Jung’s types as Models for Philopsychic Insight’. The paper argues that Jung’s theory of psychological types has the same logical structure as Kant’s theory of the categories of understanding, and that the latter can be used to stimulate insights in counseling situations in much the same way as the former. The key in both cases is to recognize the presence of different perspectives (ways of looking at one’s current situation or personal problems) and to shift one’s perspective in such a way as to allow new insights to appear. Several diagrams are introduced as effective ways of facilitating this process in the counseling situation.
Investigator(s)
Dr PALMQUIST, Stephen R (Department of Religion & Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - March 1997 Completion Date - Completed

48
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
ARTS 105
Philosophers' Views on the Use of Non-Essay Assessment Methods—Discussion of an E-mail Survey
This project grew out of departmental debate on the legitimacy of using certain types of nonessay questions on philosophy examinations. An e-mail survey of philosophers produced 145 responses to four questions, along with numerous additional comments. The results were tabulated and the comments synthesized into a loosely structured argument. Roughly half of the respondents had experienced non-essay examination questions as philosophy students; roughly half believed they were legitimate (as students); roughly half admitted to using such questions as philosophy teachers; and over three-fourths rejected the idea of banning the use of non-essay questions on philosophy examinations, many regarding this as a significant violation of academic freedom.
Investigator(s)
Dr PALMQUIST, Stephen R (Department of Religion & Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - May 1996
Completion Date - Completed
ARTS 106
Philosophy of Religion after Kant and Kierkegaard
This is an essay written in response to an invitation from the organizer of the 1998 Claremont Conference for Philosophy of Religion, DZ Philips, to be one of the six main conference participants. The paper argues that, whereas Kant's main contribution was to define the synthetic a priori requirements for knowledge (including religious knowledge), Kierkegaard's main contribution can be understood in terms of defining the analytic a posteriori requirements for faith. I distinguish three senses of the word 'after': 'along the lines of', 'subsequent to' and '[arising] out of'.
Investigator(s)
Dr PALMQUIST, Stephen R (Department of Religion & Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - August 1995 Completion Date - Completed
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant


ARTS 107
Christian Missions in China during the Age of Imperialism

49
How Christian missions developed new strategies in China during the period of ‘high imperialism’ (from 1880 to 1914) is more complex than has been considered by Marxist historians and religious critics. Here we propose to reevaluate the missionary strategies of two very influential British missionaries—the English Methodist James Hudson Taylor and the Welsh Baptist Timothy Richard—interpreting them not as opposing strategies in the midst of imperialistically motivated religious institutions, but rather as complementary strategies based on the same Evangelical Christian theology but generally addressing different ranges of Chinese persons. Taylor’s China Inland Mission and Richard’s Society for the Diffusion of General and Christian Knowledge were two of the most influential missionary societies in China during this period, and have often been typified as opposites: evangelical versus liberal, evangelistic versus literary-based, imperialistic versus accommodationist. Studying their methods and images as published in relevant materials, it is manifest that these polarizations are inadequate, and do service neither to their shared evangelical commitments or to their will to overcome the negative impact of mercantile and militaristic imperialism in Qing imperial China during this period.
Investigator(s)
Dr PFISTER, Lauren F (Department of Religion & Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - April 1997
Expected Completion Date - Spring 2000
Source(s) of Funding
North Atlantic Missiological Project, Cambridge University
ARTS 108
A Critical Edition of James Legge’s Chinese Classics
After extensive analysis of the five volume set of the Chinese Classics (1 st edition, Hong Kong, 1861-1872; 2nd edition, Oxford, 1893-1895) and their related books in the Sacred Books of the East (published as the Sacred Books of China in Oxford from 1879-1885), a Critical Edition of this monumental contribution to sinological Orientalism was conceived through a collaborative project. Along with extensive indexes relating new details about all the Chinese and non-Chinese authors (over 300 individuals) and Chinese and non-Chinese books (nearly 200 titles) referred to in these texts, there are to be specialized critical treatises added to each volume dealing with Legge’s particular approaches, translations, interpretations, and problems.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr PFISTER, Lauren F (Department of Religion
& Philosophy)
Co-investigator(s)
Prof LIU, Jiahe (History Research Institute, Beijing Normal University)
Dr SHAO, Dongfang (Chinese Studies Department, National University of Singapore)
Duration
Starting Date - Spring 1995
Expected Completion Date - Summer 1999

50
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
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ARTS 109
Dialoguing over Minimalist and Maximalist Christian Missionary Strategies
Due to Prof Wall’s comments to my paper in Cambridge on the missiological similarities and differences between James Hudson Taylor and Timothy Richard, two 19th century Protestant missionaries in China, a dialogue was initiated that provoked further reflection and writing. Essentially, the difference was characterized in the following manner: the minimalist seeks only to ‘present the gospel’ and feels that any other form of work is a distraction for the missionary’s most important task; the maximalist claims that the ‘gospel’ must be rendered carefully, and in order to do this one must know wide ranges of culturally available knowledge in order to plan and express the gospel in the most articulate manner. The fruitfulness of these categories needs to be concretely tested by further reflection on a broader range of missionary experiences in various part of the global Christian outreach in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr PFISTER, Lauren F (Department of Religion
& Philosophy)
Co-investigator(s)
Prof WALLS, Andrew F (Princeton Theological Seminary)
Duration
Starting Date - April 1998
Expected Completion Date - Spring 1999
ARTS 110
Entries for the Encyclopedia of Chinese Philosophy
Under the editorship of Prof Antonio Cua at the Catholic University of America, the English language Encyclopedia of Chinese Philosophy became a major international project. On this basis I was given an invitation to write three medium sized articles for the Encyclopedia on Kang Youwei (1858-1927), Tan Sitong (1865-1898), and ‘Problems in Translation’ (of classical Chinese philosophy into modern English).
Investigator(s)
Dr PFISTER, Lauren F (Department of Religion & Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - December 1995
Expected Completion Date - February 1999
ARTS 111

51
The First Chinese Protestant Martyrdom in Relation to Problems of the Opium War Treaty of 1858
Based on earlier research revealing the complex situation of the violent murder of Ch’ea Kam-kwang (Che Jinguang) in the city of Boluo in central Guangdong province in October 1861, this research seeks to reveal how this problem exacerbated already fragile structures of international treaty law in the post-Opium War Treaty period. In this way, the continuing violence against foreign and indigenous Christians can be understood in a new light, and given a new political twist due to the inconsistencies of both the British Ambassador in Beijing and the Qing imperial representatives in the Zongli yamen. Che’s martyrdom, as it was called in English media at the time, was consequently not only a matter of his religious convictions confronting popular vigilante execution squads during a period of political unrest, but was also an instance of the unstable settings moored in a period of ongoing international political adjustment. This adjustment involved the not fully successful attempt, during the period of rising European imperialism, to establish new means to bring about international peace in contexts of aggressive but not wholesale destructive international war.
Investigator(s)
Dr PFISTER, Lauren F (Department of Religion
& Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - February 1998
Expected Completion Date - Summer 1999
ARTS 112
The First Modern Chinese Protestant Theologian: Ho Tsun-sheen (1817-1871)
Advancing studies on this life-long coworker of James Legge in Hong Kong, this project provides the first extensive evaluation of Ho Tsun-sheen’s theological works written and published in Hong Kong and throughout the treaty ports in missionary presses from the 1840s to the 1880s. Having been completely forgotten in both Chinese and non-Chinese scholarship in theological circles, this sets a new standard for understanding the development and modernization of Chinese theology, placing its beginnings 70 years before the onset of the May Fourth Movement in 1919.
Investigator(s)
Dr PFISTER, Lauren F (Department of Religion & Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - October 1993
Expected Completion Date - December 1998
Source(s) of Funding
National Endowment for the Humanities (USA) UGC Earmarked Research Grant

52
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53
ARTS 115
Monotheistic Metaphysics in 19th Century Classical Ruism
Current accounts of Ming and Qing dynasty Ruist (‘Confucianist’) traditions regularly deny that there was anything related to a deistic or theological worldview among Ruist scholars. This study explores the theology of the imperial cult under the rubric of Shangdi (‘Lord on High’), and illustrates how this was systematized by a Cantonese scholar, Luo Zhongfan (d. circa 1850) into a consistent reading of the Ruist canonical work, the Great Learning (Daxue). Both issues were made public in the commentarial work of James Legge (1815-1897), Scottish missionary-sinologist in Hong Kong and later the first professor of Chinese language and literature at Corpus Christi College, Oxford.
Investigator(s)
Dr PFISTER, Lauren F (Department of Religion & Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - June 1996
Expected Completion Date - Spring 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
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Duration
Starting Date - February 1992
Expected Completion Date - August 1998
Source(s) of Funding
National Endowment for the Humanities (USA)
UGC Earmarked Research Grant
HKBU Short-term Development Grant
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55
Christian symbiosis, while in the countryside there are many kinds of more synchretistic and eclectic mixtures, some between Christian and Daoist dimensions. Practical problems in assessing these trends and understanding why they exist are to be explored.
Investigator(s)
Dr PFISTER, Lauren F (Department of Religion & Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1997
Expected Completion Date - December 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Short-term Travel Staff Development Soong Sil University Christian Study Centre
ARTS 119
Religious and Philosophical Chinese-English Encounters
The unusual role of English language missionaries, sinologists, philosophers, poets and journalists in stimulating and extending dialogues with Chinese representatives of religious and philosophical traditions is a story rarely told from the perspective of their diachronic connections across the 19th and 20th centuries. Having studied the origins of sinological Orientalism in the work of James Legge, I designed this project to follow the development, redirections, and revolutionary responses to specific historical encounters between Chinese and English-speaking people,
especially those who left literary monuments to their efforts. Part of the reason for conceiving the work in this manner is because the Chinese concept of 'teaching7 did not distinguish in any simple manner between a 'religion' and a 'philosophy', creating an initial confluence of both realms (as seen by early 'Westerners5) and a hotbed of controversies. This study seeks to uncover the origins of these problems and follow their development as they become two distinct traditions, both within China as well as outside China constructed by those sinologists and China studies experts who determined the directions of varying interpretive schools within these academic traditions.
Investigator(s)
Dr PFISTER, Lauren F (Department of Religion & Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - March 1998
Expected Completion Date - December 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU-Oxford Short-term Fellowship
ARTS 120
Rethinking the Meaning of the Taiping Rebellion for the Study of Christianity in China
Based on materials provided in Jonathan Spence's recent book, God's Chinese Son: The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of Hong Xiuquan, a reconsideration of the importance of several

56
dimensions of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom has been pursued. Three questions have remained the focus of this research. First, there is the important question of how the terms for ‘God’, ‘Spirit/spirit’, and ‘baptism’ were rendered by the Taiping, and how these reflected choices made by missionaries who were translating the Bible into Chinese during the period of Hong’s religious conversion and Taiping leadership (from 1837 to 1864). Secondly, there is a complex question about the interaction between Chinese forms of worship and the development of a Taiping style of monotheistic ritual and worship. Finally, there is the taxing question of assessing exactly how much the Taiping Insurgency could be called Christian in any sense. The conclusions to these questions were determined in the light of 20th century international and Chinese scholarship on the Taiping Movement. A final assertion is made that the Taiping Rebellion should be made a standard part of any study of the history of Christianity in China.
Investigator(s)
Dr PFISTER, Lauren F (Department of Religion & Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - December 1995 Completion Date - Completed
ARTS 121
Some New Perspectives in James Legge’s Multiform English Translations of Chinese
Classical Literature
Summarizing the overall achievement and contribution of James Legge’s sinological Orientalism was needed for two practical reasons: one as an introductory essay to the whole of the Critical Edition of his Chinese Classics (see elsewhere here), and a second was stimulated by a local conference which placed the translations of James Legge as a main topic for discussion. In this work I emphasize several issues previously left unstated or unevalutated: Legge’s multiform translations, his reliance on Scottish Commonsense realism, and his comparative religious evaluations of Chinese traditional teachings. The ‘multiformity’ is evident in the fact that he did not just prepare one translation for each text, but in most cases two, and in some cases three different and independent translations. It was his reliance on the categories of the human mind and its expressions categorized by the 18th century Scottish philosopher, Thomas Reid, and his 19th century student, Dugald Stewart, that provided Legge with a foundation to evaluate such a large range of issues within the Chinese traditions, also influencing some of the particular ways he translated key terms. Finally, it is a tribute to both his cultural sensitivity and religious commitments that he changed his generally negative evaluation of the Chinese Sage (‘Confucius’) into one of ‘qualified acceptance’ in his second edition of the Chinese Classics (1893-1895). All of these realms have been addressed in my own extensive studies of Legge’s efforts, and have gradually taken prominence in my own mind after a thorough evaluation of his life and works.
Investigator(s)
Dr PFISTER, Lauren F (Department of Religion
& Philosophy)

57
Duration
Starting Date - November 1997 Completion Date - Completed
ARTS 122
Thirty-Six Year Index for the Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
Because of earlier involvement in a pilot project in the early 1990s on the same issue which was never completed, an invitation from the new President of the RAS was offered to join in a renewed effort to complete the task of coordinating work toward the completion of a more comprehensive and precise index for the society’s 20th century journal. Initially conceived as containing the first 30 volumes of the journal, it has been extended to include all the current holdings.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr PFISTER, Lauren F (Department of Religion
& Philosophy)
Co-investigator(s)
Ms LEE, Agnus (Urban Council Public Library)
Duration
Starting Date - Winter 1996
Expected Completion Date - Spring 1999
Source(s) of Funding
Royal Asiatic Society
ARTS 123
Wang Tao, James Legge, and Their Response to the Modern Ruist Melancholy
Previously none of the 20th century biographers of Wang Tao have recognized clearly when the transformation from a Ruist melancholy to a progressive reformism took place in his life. Additionally, none of them could identify any direct connection between James Legge’s Scottish philosophical training or his Christian theology and Wang Tao’s Ruist-style Christian reform beliefs and later Ruist reform ideology. On the basis of my work on the intellectual biography of James Legge, I prove here that the historical connection did in fact exist, and explore the theological and philosophical developments that made the transformation possible for Wang Tao during the years from 1863 to 1873.
Investigator(s)
Dr PFISTER, Lauren F (Department of Religion & Philosophy)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1997
Expected Completion Date - March 1999

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School
of
Business

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BUS 1
The Determinants of Stock Market Reactions on Firms Going Private: The Case of Hong Kong
In a given business environment, a firm will choose the best form of organization to maximise its intrinsic value. Some firms that were once listed on stock exchanges may find them more cost effective to go private. Those who initiate the changes usually have some inside information about the operations and the prospects of the firms, whereas minority shareholders are rather passive and ignorant. The purpose of this project is to investigate whether this type of change in organizational form is beneficial to the target shareholders of the buyouts, and to identify the type of firms that have more wealth change resulted from this change in corporate governance.
Investigator(s)
Dr CHAN, Siu Yeung (Department of Accountancy & Law)
Duration
Starting Date - December 1996
Expected Completion Date - September 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
BUS 2
Implementing TQM When You Do Not Know Where to Start: A Case Study of Hawaii’s American Trading Company Ltd.
Despite avowed benefits of TQM over the past few decades, firms have not universally implemented TQM. In addition to the perceived lack of a positive cost/benefit tradeoff, some organizations often believe that they do not possess the knowledge, or resources (monetary or personnel), with regard to how or where to begin with TQM. This paper presents a longitudinal case study of one small company's TQM implementation as well as results over a five year period (1993-1998). The case shows how the company overcame the "where to begin" problem by using a formalized brainstorming method called the Nominal Group Technique (NGT). Furthermore, the case presents problems faced during the TQM implementation and benefits received as perceived by the firm.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr LANDRY, Steven P (Department of Accountancy & Law)
Co-investigator(s)
Ms CHAN, Canri WY (University of South Australia, Australia)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1993
Expected Completion Date - December 1998

61
BUS 3
Influences Affecting the Development of University Students’ Critical Thinking Skills - A Comparison of Accounting Students with Nonaccounting Students
A growing body of evidence indicates that a student's background characteristics, entrant critical thinking ability, university experiences, outside experiences and perception of the university environment can influence his/her critical thinking development. While curricula exposure and class-related experiences (as included under university experiences) have long been shown to have effects on critical thinking ability, no empirical study so far has addressed directly the issues of general education exposure and conceptual approach emphasis. This study will examine the incremental effects of general education exposure and conceptual approach emphasis on students' gain in critical thinking. The researchers anticipate there are differences in critical thinking development among accounting students, human resources management students and sociology students.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr LANDRY, Steven P (Department of Accountancy & Law)
Co-investigator(s)
Ms SO, Stella HH (Department of Accountancy
& Law)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1998
Expected Completion Date - May 2001
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
BUS 4
Making the Transition from Functional Cost Centre ’’Big Brother” to Value Adding Key Team Member: A Paradigm for the Changing Role of Management Accountants in a Customer
Global competitive forces require organizations to meet ever-changing customer demands in increasingly faster and satisfying ways. Many leading firms have responded by adopting quality-driven, customer-focused, valued-added strategies. This new paradigm requires management accountants to rethink information systems design and information provision. Moving away from traditional concepts such as functional reporting and measuring of productivity and profitability to a new paradigm which requires a focus on customer value, cross-functional systems, and continuous improvement, management accountants have moved beyond the role of watchdogs to valueadding team players within organizations. Management accountants' new-customer focused, value-adding roles help organizations

62
to employ information and learning as strategic competitive advantages.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr LANDRY, Steven P (Department of Accountancy & Law)
Co-investigator(s)
Ms CHAN, Canri WY (University of South Australia, Australia)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1998
Expected Completion Date - October 1999
BUS 5
Corporate Governance in Hong Kong and The People’s Republic of China, A Comparative Study of Their Legal Practices
This project surveys the legal practice of corporate governance in Hong Kong and the People's Republic of China (PRC). A detailed literature review of the relevant legal requirements in Hong Kong and the PRC will be conducted. Professionals will then be contacted. They include solicitors and in-house legal counsel. Initially, this project will only cover those working in Hong Kong. Surveys conducted in the PRC will be left to the next project (see below). The aim is to better understand the actual experience and difficulties encountered. If there are discrepancies between theory and practice, the reasons behind will be
investigated. The survey is done by questionnaires and interviews. Research findings will be forwarded to international refereed journals for publication.
Investigator(s)
Mr LAU, Alex KL (Department of Accountancy & Law)
Duration
Starting Date - April 1997
Expected Completion Date - March 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
BUS 6
Corporate Governance in the PRC: In Preparation for the 21st Century
Preliminary findings of literature published in law journals in the People's Republic of China (PRC) reveal almost no writings on corporate governance in the last five years. It is felt that the absence of detailed study in this topic ought to be given serious consideration in the PRC context. The literature review will be supplemented by a detailed survey targeted at PRC corporate practitioners in Hong Kong and the PRC. The aim is to find out their actual professional experience in dealing with PRC companies, particularly listed companies. It is hoped that constructive suggestions may be available to policy makers when company law is reformed in future. Research findings will be

63
forwarded to international refereed journals for publication.
Investigator(s)
Mr LAU, Alex KL (Department of Accountancy & Law)
Duration
Starting Date -April 1998
Expected Completion Date - March 2000
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
BUS 7
Certified Public Accountants’ Perceptions of Practice Review
The need for regulating the public accounting profession to control audit quality and prevent audit failure is generally accepted. The Hong Kong Society of Accountants wants to achieve this objective through its practice review system. This study examines the broad self-regulation issue by focusing on Certified Public Accountants' perceptions of the usefulness of practice review.
Investigator(s)
Dr LAU, Peter TY (Department of Accountancy & Law)
Duration
Starting Date - December 1994
Completion Date - June 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
BUS 8
An Empirical Study of the Determinants of Audit Report Lag
The objective of this study is to investigate factors which determine the length of time external auditors require to complete the financial statement audit (Audit report lag). The factors to be examined include the extent of audit work (in terms of auditor business risk, audit complexity and other work-related factors), incentives for timely reporting and audit structure.
Investigator(s)
Dr LAU, Peter TY (Department of Accountancy & Law)
Duration
Starting Date - February 1996
Expected Completion Date - December 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant

64
BUS 9
A Study of Economic Growth, Regional Productivity and Convergence in China
This project aims at an in-depth investigation of the relationship between economic growth and regional inequality in China. Several important aspects of this problem will be our main focus. The first is the role of technical change and efficiency improvement in accounting for the regional inequalities. Towards this end, we will measure directly the productivity performance of the Chinese provinces. Through this study, it is possible to distinguish between the importance of productivity growth and input changes; this helps to explain the observed regional disparity. The second focus of the study is to examine the inter-relationships among economic growth, regional inequality and regional efficiency. The key question is to investigate how policies should be set when both the objectives of regional equality and economic fast-growth should be met at the same time. On the basis of our findings, we hope to draw policy implications that may be of use for the formulation of further institutional and policy reforms in China's regional economies.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr CHAN, Hing Lin (Department of Economics)
Co-investigator( s)
Dr LI, Sung Ko (Department of Economics)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1997
Expected Completion Date - August 1999
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmarked Research Grant
BUS 10
Market Integration in China -The Case of Steel Products
One of the objectives of China's economic reform is to establish a unified national market. Towards the end of 1980s, however, the economy remained segmented. That was mainly due to the defects of the fiscal and taxation systems as well as the irrational price structure, which tempted the local governments to run market blockades. The central government took drastic steps in the early 1990s to liberalize prices and to revamp the taxation system, which arguably are conducive to the development of an integrated market. This project attempts to evaluate the degree of market integration in China in the wake of the adoption of these new policies. This will be done by applying Johansen's cointegration test to weekly price data of about 30 steel products in 1994-96.
Investigator(s)
Dr CHENG, Yuk Shing (Department of Economics)
Duration
Starting Date - July 1997
Expected Completion Date -June 1999

65
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
BUS 11
Technological Progress and Technical Efficiency of Postreform Chinese Agriculture
This project aims to improve our understanding of the sources of productivity growth in China's agriculture since the late 1980s. The study investigates the issue from the perspective of growth accounting. The Malmquist productivity index was calculated for each of the counties in Jiangsu Province by a linear programming method called Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). On average, there was a rapid increase in total factor productivity, amounting to 7.4% per annum during 1988-95. Decomposition of the productivity index indicates that technological progress was rapid in this period, along with a significant decline in technical efficiency.
Investigator(s)
Dr CHENG, Yuk Shing (Department of Economics)
Duration
Starting Date - February 1996
Expected Completion Date - December 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
BUS 12
Impact of FDI on China’s Total Factor Productivity (TPF) between 1987-1995: A CrossProvincial and Cross-Sectoral Analysis
The launch of China's Open Door Policy in 1979 has on the one hand stimulated rapid economic growth, and on the other attracted the inflow of an enormous amount of foreign direct investment (FDI). Since then many studies have been done on the impacts of FDI on China's economic development. However, investigation on the correlation between improvement of total factor productivity (TFP) and FDI is limited both in number and in sectoral details. FDI is a major determinant of China's technology progress for it transfers production techniques, management know-how, and other aspects that could lead to improved productivity. Other than reflecting productivity changes which are due to policy implementations, institutional changes, and production efficiency, the growth of TFP reflects also productivity changes which are caused by an industry's exposure to foreign economies through exports and FDI inflows. A crucial relationship does exist between FDI and TFP. This proposed study aims to quantitatively explore the impacts of FDI on the changes in China's TFP between 1987 and 1995 at both the provincial and sectoral levels, and with particular emphasis on the industry sector.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr HUNG, Bill WS (Department of Economics)

66
Co-investigator(s)
Dr TONG, Christopher SP (Department of
Economics)
Duration
Starting Date - February 1997
Expected Completion Date - December 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
BUS 13
A Study of the Price Behaviour of the Hang Seng Index Futures
This study examines the intra-day price behaviour of the Hang Seng Index Futures (HSIF) contract, and analyzes the dynamic pricing efficiency of the futures contract relative to its cash index. By adopting a form of the impulse response function, the study also attempts to identify the speed of adjustment of the futures prices when it deviates from its parity value which is determined by a cost-of carry model. The paper also attempts to investigate whether institutional restrictions in Hong Kong against short-selling of stocks will cause asymmetrical responses of the futures prices when deviations from par occur on different sides of the market.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr HUNG, Bill WS (Department of Economics)
Co-investigator( s 丿
Dr FUNG, Joseph KW (Department of Finance and Decision Sciences)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1996
Expected Completion Date - December 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
BUS 14
The Determinants and Mechanism of Economic
Growth
Existing empirical and theoretical works on economic growth have found many factors affecting the growth rate of an economy. However, the channels through which factors affect economic growth are still unclear. This research will try to empirically identify the factors affecting economic growth and their channels by formulating theoretical and empirical models which describe the growth mechanism.
Investigator(s)
Dr MO, Pak Hung (Department of Economics)
Duration
Starting Date - August 1997
Expected Completion Date - August 2000

67
Source(s) of Funding
Self-funding
BUS 15
Analyses of Overeducation in both the U.S. and Hong Kong Labour Markets
The objective is to analyze the overeducation in the labour markets of the U.S. and Hong Kong. Extending the work by Cohn and Khan (1995) and Santos, Oliveria and Kiker (1997), a thorough examination of the issues related to overeducation will be provided. The project attempts to verify existing theories on overeducation within one piece of research work and a unique set of data. This will be the first attempt to study the incidence of overeducation and its effects on the Hong Kong labour market. The study of the Hong Kong situation allows one to examine the phenomenon of the structural change in the economy and the expansion of the teritary education from a different angle. Taking advantage of the advancement in econometric techniques and the panel nature of the data, a quantitatively-oriented analysis of overeducation in both labour markets over the past two decades will be made. Cross-country comparison is thus made possible and policy implications regarding educational investment as well as the labour market can be put forth.
Investigator(s)
Dr NG, Ying Chu (Department of Economics)
Duration
Starting Date - July 1997
Expected Completion Date - June 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
BUS 16
An Analysis of the Performance of Higher Education Institutes in China
Over the past decade, China has undergone substantial economic growth and development. Much of her growth and development is attributed to capital investment and other macroeconomic measures. To foster this trend of growth, policy makers cannot afford to ignore the stock of human capital which is an essential component for long-term growth. Education is the fundamental channel from which the stock of human capital of an economy can be enlarged. Higher education especially is a crucial level of education from which skill enhancement and improvement of human capital can be formulated. A sound education system is thus the policy maker's concern. Based on the numerous higher education institutions in China, one can adopt the input-output based analysis of efficiency measurement in addressing the performance of the education sector. This efficiency measures allow the policy maker to identify relative inefficient institutions and provide a benchmark for resource allocation among the institutions.

68
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr NG, Ying Chu (Department of Economics)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr LI, Sung Ko (Department of Economics)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1996
Expected Completion Date - August 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
BUS 17
An Analysis of the Relation Between Overschooling and Job Mobility
One of the underlying forces of occupational mobility is the mismatch in jobs among those employed in the labour force. Job mismatch is observed when workers possess education levels different from what are required of the jobs. Accordingly, workers can be classified as overeducated, adequately educated, and undereducated. Job mobility among them is different. One of the consequences of higher turnover rate is the substantial high hiring and training costs imposed on employers. Inefficiency in human resource allocation is another implication of the incidence of overschooling and underschooling in the labour market. Using panel data from Canada, the present study attempts to examine: (1) the incidence of overeducation and undereducation
in the Canadian labour market, (2) the earnings effect of overeducation and undereducation, (3) the trade-off relation between overeducation/ undereducation and experience, and (4) the job mobility pattern of the overeducated, adequately educated and undereducated workers. With the results of the present study, it is hope that policy implications concerning the allocation of human resources and functioning of the labour market can be put forth.
Investigator(s)
Dr NG, Ying Chu (Department of Economics)
Duration
Starting Date - June 1998
Expected Completion Date - May 2000
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
BUS 18
The Currency Board System in Hong Kong
This is a consultancy report commissioned by the Asian Development Bank for its research project "Study of Financial Markets of Selected Member Countries". The author is responsible for producing a "good practice report" on Hong Kong's currency board system, in terms of both it technical robustness and economic optimality. Its relevance as a lesson for the rest of Asia is also to be investigated.

69
Investigator(s)
Prof TSANG, Shu Ki (Department of
Economics)
Duration
Starting Date - February 1998
Completion Date - April 1998
Source(s) of Funding
Asian Development Bank
BUS 19
Econometric Modelling of the Integration between China, Hong Kong and Taiwan in a Global Economic Context
On the basis of the ground work of the preceding project, this project aims at building a set of econometric models for Mainland China and Hong Kong, and incorporating them into a world-wide econometric model such as the MULTIMOD model of the IMF. The models will be used to analyze the interactions among the two economies as well as their global repercussions and feedback effects.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Prof TSANG, Shu Ki (Department of Economics)
Co-investigator(s)
Prof TANG, Shu Hung (Department of Economics)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1996
Expected Completion Date - August 1999
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmarked Research Grant
BUS 20
The Romance of the Three New Kingdoms: A Comparative Studies in Economic Efficiency of the SOEs, TVEs and FFEs in China and Its Economic Implications
This study aims at an in-depth investigation of the relationship between the productive performance of the so called "three kingdoms" i.e., the state-owned enterprises (SOEs), the township and village enterprises (TVEs), and the foreign-funded enterprises (FFEs), and the rapid economic growth of contemporary China. This study concentrates on comparing the change in the levels of total factor productivity (TFP) and production efficiency of these three types of enterprises based on the data collected from the two industrial surveys published by the State Statistical Bureau (SSB) in 1985 and 1995. On the basis of our empirical findings, we hope to draw some implications which may be of use to formulating effective polices in attracting and utilising foreign capital, improving productive conditions of the TVEs, and reforming and transforming the SOEs.

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Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr ZHANG, Xiaohe (Department of
Economics)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr TONG, Christopher SP (Department of
Economics)
Duration
Starting Date - April 1998
Expected Completion Date - April 2000
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
BUS 21
Urban-Rural Differential and Its Impact on National Income Inequality in China
This project attempts to explain the urban-rural income differential in China and identifies its impact on an enlarged national income inequality in the post-reform era. The national income inequality is evaluated by the well-known Gini ratios. The ratios are further decomposed by sectors and factors of income. It is found that the inter-sector income inequality, as well as the transfer payment and different treatments in labour remuneration between the rural and the urban sectors, have been the most significant components in increasing national income inequalities in the post reform era in China.
Investigator(s)
Dr ZHANG, Xiaohe (Department of Economics)
Duration
Starting Date - April 1998
Expected Completion Date - April 2000
Source(s) of Funding
Self-funding
BUS 22
The Determinants of Market Bid Ask Spreads on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Cross-Sectional Analysis
Research has been conducted to examine the determinants of the market bid ask spread on other stock exchanges. The research identifies brokerage fees and the bid ask spread as significant elements of total transaction costs. One of them is conducted with the Australian Stock Exchange. It examines whether the three variables: 1. Stock Price Level, 2. Level of Trading Activity and 3. Stock Price Volatility, are the critical determinants of the market bid ask spread. The results of that research account for up to 94% of the total cross-sectional variation in percentage bid ask spread on the Australian Stock Exchange.
This project studies the determinants of the market bid ask spread on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong with a cross-sectional analysis,

71
to see whether the above three variables are the fundamental determinants of the bid ask spread in the Hong Kong context. Using that Australian research as our benchmark, three variables, Stick Price Level, Level of Trading Activity and Stock Price Volatility are the determinants of spreads. Together with these three factors account for up to 75% of the total cross-sectional variation in percentage bid ask spreads on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong.
Investigator(s)
Mr CHAN, David YK (Department of Finance & Decision Sciences)
Duration
Starting Date - February 1997
Completion Date - August 1997
BUS 23
The Dynamics of Interest Rates Between Eurodollar and Domestic US Dollar
The causal relationships between the US domestic and the Eurodollar interest rate markets are examined by estimating the error correction models, and tests are conducted to determine whether any structural change has taken place in such relationships. Empirical results show that there exists uni-directional causality leading from the US domestic market to the Eurodollar market during 1973-1982, and a significant reverse causality is observed during 1983-1992. Further evidence reveals that the impact of changes in the US domestic interest rate on the
Eurodollar market is weakening over time. These results are probably due to the expansion in the size of the Eurodollar market, the more rapid movements toward deregulation in the European markets and the presence of enhanced arbitrage opportunities via the swap and futures markets.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Mr CHAN, David YK (Department of Finance & Decision Sciences)
Co-investigator( s)
Mr LEE, Raymod SK (Bob International Co., HK)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1997
Completion Date - July 1997
BUS 24
The Effect of Hong Kong & Shanghai Bank PLC Merged Midland Bank PLC
This study examines the impact of merger between the HSBC Holding Plc and Midland Bank Plc in April 1992. The results show that shareholders of Midland Bank Plc earned substantial and significantly abnormal returns surrounding the announcement day. In addition, the trading volume of Midland Bank Plc also increased during this period, indicating that the event might be anticipated.

72
For the HSBC Holding Plc, no significant abnormal returns were found. Furthermore, the HSBC Holding Plc was found to have performed significantly better than before the year the event took place. This supports the hypothesis that financial synergy is a motive for a merger to take place.
Investigator(s)
Mr CHAN, David YK (Department of Finance & Decision Sciences)
Duration
Starting Date - June 1997
Expected Completion Date - February 1998
BUS 25
Hang Seng Index Futures Volatility around the Hong Kong Stock Exchange Close
The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of the closing of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange on the volatility in the Hong Kong Futures Market. It investigates whether the price volatility follows a mini-U-shaped pattern for 15 minutes after the underlying asset market closes. This project investigates the behaviour of the intraday mean volatility of the Hang Seng Index Futures (HSIF) for the period between April, 1995 and August, 1995. Volatility patterns in 5-minute intervals as well as 15-minute intervals are used. Our results show that there is a mini-U-shaped pattern from the period just after the close of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (HKSE) to the close of the futures
market. It is also discovered that there is a familiar U-shaped pattern from the opening until the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (HKSE) closes (only briefly reported). The observed patterns are found to be consistent with the contagion model of King and Wadhwani (1990) and with the private information models of Admati and Pfleiderer (1988) and Foster and Viswanathan (1990). However, analysis on 5-minute intervals indicates that Friday is different from other days. Moreover, our results indicate that the mean volatility of HSIF in the final interval is not significantly higher than the volatility in the interval before the HKSE closes.
Investigator(s)
Mr CHAN, David YK (Department of Finance & Decision Sciences)
Duration
Starting Date - June 1997
Completion Date - September 1997
BUS 26
The Determinants of Market Bid-Ask Spreads on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong
While an enormous volume of research has examined the determinants of spreads in US markets, no similar work has so far addressed the issue for the Hong Kong stock market. Given that spreads as a transaction cost is important, this project redresses this imbalance and at the same time provides evidence on whether alternative market structures underlying

73
different exchanges give rise to differences in the determinants of stock price spreads.
Prior research into the cost of trading has identified brokerage fees and the bid-ask spread as significant elements of total transaction costs. Using prior US research as the benchmark, our research output would be suggesting that notwithstanding microstructure differences between Hong Kong and US exchanges, there are three fundamental determinants of spreads that transcend differences in the market-places. These are (1) the level of trading activity, (2) price volatility and (3) stock price levels, which together account for a significant portion of the total cross-sectional variation in percentage bidask spreads on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong.
Investigator(s)
Mr CHAN, David YK (Department of Finance & Decision Sciences)
Duration
Starting Date - February 1998
Expected Completion Date - February 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
BUS 27
Index Arbitrage Opportunities and Short Sales Constraints
This paper examines whether changes in short sales constraints affect opportunities for
profitable index arbitrage. In particular, the study analyses both the ex-post and ex-ante profitability of arbitrage between the Hong Kong Hang Seng Index futures contracts and its underlying asset, the Hang Seng Index. Tests are conducted over three distinct regulatory regimes relating to the short-selling of stocks in Hong Kong. This permits a study on how changes in short selling regulations affect the opportunities for profitable index arbitrage. The analysis accounts for dividend payout rates and realistic transaction and bid-ask spread costs in delineating the no-arbitrage bounds. Moreover, the study explicitly accounts for the actual (expost) closing cost of the index portfolio. Unlike previous studies, the paper avoids the analytical bias arising from the settlement method of the contract. The study indicates that relaxing the constraints on short selling improves the arbitrage efficiency between futures and the underlying cash spot. Multiple regression analysis is used to test the relationship between the magnitude of mispricing and various economic factors including cash market volatility, time-to-maturity of the contract, trading cost and dividend payout rates.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Mr CHAN, David YK (Department of Finance & Decision Sciences)
Co-investigator( s)
Dr FUNG, Joseph KW (Department of Finance & Decision Sciences)
Duration
Starting Date - July 1997
Expected Completion Date - July 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant

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BUS 28
A Psycho-social Model of Software Piracy: The Application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour
Software piracy is an unethical and illegal behaviour widely practiced in Hong Kong and worldwide. Since understanding the determinants of software piracy behaviour will provide a basis for remedial measures, the purpose of this research is to develop and test a model, based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), to capture the antecedents of software piracy behaviour. TPB has been tested and found to be applicable in predicting a wide range of human behaviour. Therefore it gives a very good basis for understanding the behaviour of software piracy. In our model, we will investigate how individuals' attitudes, beliefs, subjective norms, and perceived control of behaviour influence their intentions and actual carrying out of software pirating.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Mr CHANG, Man Kit (Department of Finance & Decision Sciences)
Co-investigator(s)
Prof MA, Hing Keung (Department of Education Studies)
Duration
Starting Date - June 1995
Completion Date - September 1997
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
BUS 29
Arbitrage Between Hang Seng Index Options and Index Futures: An Analysis with Intraday Transactions Data
The efficiency of derivatives markets is important not only to investors for speculation, hedging, and investment purposes, but also to regulators and society as a whole. Research has shown that there is mispricing in futures contracts relative to the cash market in different countries. We examine the parity relationship between futures and options contracts written on the Hang Seng Index (HSI) and traded on the Hong Kong Futures Exchanges (HKFE).
These contracts eliminate most of the proposed reasons for index futures-index options arbitrage, namely, the uncertainty in future dividend payments, tracking errors, the restrictions against shorting-selling, and the taxtiming option. Even so, we find there is some mispricing, although not economically significant, during the period March 1993 to May 1995 after taking into account transaction costs, opportunity cost of margins, and differential borrowing and lending rates. The arbitrage profit is positively related to the time to maturity of the options and futures contracts and the volatility of the cash index. Buying the futures contract is more profitable than selling the futures contract. The profit is higher when

75
the options are farther away from at the money.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr FUNG, Alexander KW (Department of
Finance & Decision Sciences)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr FUNG, Joseph KW (Department of Finance
& Decision Sciences)
Duration
Starting Date - December 1995
Completion Date - November 1997
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
BUS 30
Contrarian Strategy in International Asset Allocation (Stock Markets)
The contrarian strategy of purchasing securities that have performed poorly in the past and selling securities that have performed well have received much attention in finance literature. This project proposes to study the contrarian strategy in international diversification of investment, i.e. buying into the "losing countries" and selling in the "winning countries".
This investigation attempts also to overcome some difficulties involved in overreaction studies. We will look at the effect of market size. The problem of small sample size
associated with most studies in international investment will be tackled here. In addition, the problems of transaction cost and foreign exchange will also be addressed. This investigation is the first step to understand behavioural finance in the context of investment across international markets.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr FUNG, Alexander KW (Department of Finance & Decision Sciences)
Co-investigator( s)
Prof LAM, Kin (Department of Finance & Decision Sciences)
Duration
Starting Date - February 1997
Completion Date - May 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
BUS 31
Arbitrage Efficiency with the Hang Seng Index Options and Index Futures: An Intraday Analysis with Bid, Asked, and Transactions Market Data
This project attempts to examine the arbitrage opportunities that can be exploited by using options and futures contracts on the same underlying asset. In particular, we will study

76
the Hang Seng Index Futures (HSIF) and the Hang Seng Index Options (HSIO) contracts traded on the Hongkong Futures Exchange. The underlying asset for both securities is the Hang Seng Index (HSI).
With HSI as the same underlying asset for both the options and futures contracts, it allows us to study the possible profitability of arbitrage opportunities by using a rather new put-call-futures parity condition. This put-call-futures relationship suggests that traders may arbitrage with the index futures and index options directly without taking any position in the cash index. Thus, it largely alleviates traders of the problems associated with transacting in the cash log of the arbitrage trade.
By taking into explicit consideration the transactions costs and opportunity cost of capital, the firm bid and asked data allow us to examine arbitrage opportunities that would be realized upon actual execution of trades. Furthermore, we will estimate the amount of time an arbitrageur may have for executing simultaneous transactions when prices are synchronized.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr FUNG, Joseph KW (Department of Finance & Decision Sciences)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr MOK, Henry MK (CUHK)
Duration
Starting Date - October 1996
Completion Date - February 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
BUS 32
The Prospects for Liberalization and Foreign Investment in the Telecommunications Services Market in China: A Comparative Study of the UK and Hong Kong Experience
This proposal is for a joint research project, to run from September 1996-September 1997, that addresses a gap in existing research in international business. The gap concerns understanding of the role of market liberalization and foreign firms' market entry and development activity. This proposed study of UK and Hong Kong Telecommunications market directly addresses this gap and, because of the importance of Hong Kong for Chinese economic aspirations and liberalization, offers an improved understanding of the distinctive route to openness in the Chinese economy. The telecommunications industry offers widespread economic benefits for developing economies. Hong Kong and the UK are able to play a key joint role in informing understanding of this in the case of China.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr CLEGG, Jeremy (University of Leeds, UK)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr FUNG, Joseph KW (Department of Finance & Decision Sciences)

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Duration
Starting Date - September 1996
Completion Date - February 1998
Source(s) of Funding
UK/HK Joint Research Scheme
BUS 33
Restrictions on Short-selling and Mispricing of Index Options Contracts
This paper studies the effect of changes in restrictions on short-selling of stocks on the behaviour of the ex-post pricing errors derived from a put-call-parity (PCP) relationship between the Hong Kong Hang Seng Index Options contracts and its underlying Hang Seng Index (HSI). The results show that relaxing the restrictions lowers both the magnitude and variability of the pricing errors. The results from this research are free from the problem of early exercise because HSI options are European-styled options. The mispriced series are adjusted for ex-post dividend payouts, realistic trading costs, differential opening and closing costs of the index portfolio, and proxies of market spreads for the options and equity positions. Moreover, the study carefully avoids the problems that may arise due to the Asian-styled settlement method of the HSI options contracts. Furthermore, regressions results show that the magnitude of the errors is positively related to the volatility of the cash market, the time-to-maturity of the options, the distance of the options from at-the money, and the total
transactions costs. The errors are also found to be larger when the index is overpriced relative to the options portfolio and when the dividend yield is lower. After accounting for total transactions and market-impact costs, the study finds very few arbitrage opportunities even for member firms that enjoy relatively low trading costs.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr FUNG, Joseph KW (Department of Finance & Decision Sciences)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr FUNG, Alexander KW (Department of Finance & Decision Sciences)
Duration
Starting Date - April 1997
Completion Date - April 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
BUS 34
Family Control, Differential Beliefs and Trading Volume
This project investigates the impact of family control on the relationship between trading volumes and various measures of investors' belief revisions. Firstly, we find that family control is negatively associated with trading volumes and the evidence is consistent with the notion that family control reduces information

78
asymmetry. Secondly, the usefulness of analysts earning forecast is examined in the context of family ownership. Prior analysts' earning forecast dispersion has a statistically weaker influence on trading volumes, while the impact from change in analysts' earning forecast dispersion is insignificant.
Investigator(s)
Dr JIANG, Li (Department of Finance & Decision Sciences)
Duration
Starting Date - May 1998
Expected Completion Date - September 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
BUS 35
Predicting Stock Intrinsic Value with Neural Nets
This project examines the usefulness of a structured financial statement analysis for predicting stock returns. Using the logit model and US data, most of the previous studies show that financial statement analysis can generate excess returns, thereby presenting a challenge to the efficient market hypothesis. To validate these studies, we provide further evidence by using Japanese data and applying neural network model as an alternative to the logit model. Our findings show that both logit and neural network models can result in excess returns, though the profitability of trading strategies appears to be
sensitive to the structural changes in the Japanese economy.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr JIANG, Li (Department of Finance & Decision Sciences)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr WONG, Frank BK (Department of Finance & Decision Sciences)
Duration
Starting Date - March 1998
Expected Completion Date - March 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
BUS 36
Short-selling Restrictions and Spot-futures Error-correction Dynamics
Recent lifting of short-sales constraints in Hong Kong provides an opportunity to examine whether such restrictions affect the dynamic relationship between index futures and its underlying spot. The results show that the two prices have become more closely integrated without the restrictions. Adjustments to long-run equilibrium are accomplished through index futures. However, the spot index has been playing an increasingly more important role in the lead-lag relationship after the deregulation. Market conditions, spot trading volumes,

79
relative futures trading volumes, and institutional participations also affect the dynamic relationship.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr JIANG, Li (Department of Finance & Decision Sciences)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr FUNG, Joseph KW (Department of Finance & Decision Sciences)
Duration
Starting Date - February 1997
Completion Date - May 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
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BUS 37
An Examination of the Performance of the V.G. Option Pricing Models on Hang Seng Index Options and Its Risk Monitoring Implications
We propose a study which investigates and compares the adequacies of the Black/Scholes and the V.G. option models based on more general risk-neutral density assumptions in pricing the Hang Seng Index (HSI) options. More general assumptions on risk-neutral density functions may better model a stochastic process which allows for longer tails than the
normal distribution over small time intervals. These models have potential to outperform the Black/Scholes model in pricing HSI option as frequent large movements in the stock prices in Hong Kong are not uncommon. A confirmation of the superiority of these models in pricing the HSI options would necessarily suggest a new measure to define the value at risk of an option position. Thus our findings would be of interest to both the option traders and the regulatory agency in Hong Kong. Our study will also make important academic contribution. Since these models are developed to price options of European type, data of the HSI options, which are also of European type, are superior to the US data in testing and comparing these models.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Prof LAM, Kin (Department of Finance & Decision Sciences)
Co-investigator(s)
Prof CHANG, Eric (Georgia Institute Technology, USA)
Duration
Starting Date - February 1997
Expected Completion Date - February 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant UGC Earmarked Research Grant
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BUS 38
Empirical Studies into the Hong Kong Traded Warrant Market

80
The derivative warrant market in Hong Kong fulfils many of the functions of an options market, a consequence of the late introduction of the issue of options. It offers derivative securities with a life of at least nine months and in the majority of cases two years. This study examines the impact of warrant introductions on the price, volatility and volume of trading in the underlying security. It finds an increase in volume of trading as a result of the introduction but there is no impact on volatility. Price effects were also identified although these effects appeared to be temporary and which did not persist beyond the listing of the warrants. The results are of interest because they provide information on a market about which little information is available and they also reveal considerable differences from American results arising from option listing.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Mr MAK, Billy SC (Department of Finance & Decision Sciences)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr TANG, Gordon YN (Department of Finance & Decision Sciences)
Mr DRAPER, Paul R (University of Strathclyde, UK)
Duration
Starting Date - March 1995
Expected Completion Date - December 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
BUS 39
Decision Making for and Successful Performance of Technology Transfer in Chinese Joint Ventures (I): Structured Field Studies
The aims of this project are, from the perspective of both transferor and transferee, to identify and confirm the critical factors (variables) in decision making for and technology investments in successfully performing technology transfer within joint ventures in China. Joint ventures have been regarded as one of the most effectively approaches to successfully transfer technology into China by business evidence. There are numerous factors and facets determining international technology transfer decision making and performance of the transferring. Through this project, the factors will be detailed into observable variables in the form of research instruments and measures. We will use the semistructured interviews at Sino-Western joint ventures in Guangzhou, Beijing and Shanghai. The interview subjects are experienced uppermiddle managers in the joint ventures involved in the practice of technology transfer in their firms. Quantitative and comparative factor analyses will be performed to explore the critical factors of decision making in technology transfer and performance.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr SHI, Xinping (Department of Finance & Decision Sciences)

81
Co-investigator(s)
Dr SHI, Yi Zheng (Department of Marketing)
Duration
Starting Date - February 1997
Completion Date - February 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
BUS 40
Managing Cross-cultural Business Negotiation (I): Issues and Causal Relationships in a Chinese Cultural Context
An integrated model for cross-cultural business negotiation is developed based on conceptual development and analysis of existing literature. This project aims to empirically test a model of business negotiations in the Chinese cultural context. Unlike prior research, the model deals not only with the interpersonal dynamics of the negotiation process but also incorporates the important contextual variables of the social, economic and political environments of negotiation situations, and cultural values that may impact business negotiations. Furthermore, managerial cognition, attitudes and behaviour patterns, much neglected in previous research, are also conducted. The research will provide a firm theoretical framework for further research and make a significant contribution to the study of international business negotiations.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr SHI, Xinping (Department of Finance & Decision Sciences)
Co-investigator( s)
Dr LEUNG, Alicia SM (Department of Management)
Prof WESTWOOD, Robert I (CUHK)
Duration
Starting Date - April 1996
Completion Date - November 1997
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
BUS 41
Day of the Week Effect in Skewness and Kurtosis of Stock Returns: International Evidence
This project examines the day-of-the-week effect on skewness and kurtosis of stock returns of several international stock markets using a new approach. Empirical results help us to better understand the properties of international stock markets. This project also compares the portfolio effect on skewness and kurtosis of stock returns across different weekdays. Our results provide some guidance to portfolio managers on investing in international stock markets.

82
Investigator(s)
Dr TANG, Gordon YN (Department of Finance
& Decision Sciences)
Duration
Starting Date - December 1995
Completion Date - February 1997
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
BUS 42
Volatility and Correlation of Cash Index and Stock Index Futures: Evidence from US and Hong Kong
This project examines the wait-to-trade hypothesis using 24-hour interday returns and 15-minute (and 5-minute) intraday returns of both the US and Hong Kong stock and index futures markets. Comparison between the US and Hong Kong markets is interesting because of different market microstructures. Furthermore, this project also examines the intraday patterns of 24-hour interday and 15-minute (and 5-minute) intraday correlations between index futures and cash index to provide new evidence on the properties of cash and futures markets. Our results should provide some useful information to investors and regulators.
Investigator(s)
Dr TANG, Gordon YN (Department of Finance and Decision Sciences)
Duration
Starting Date - May 1997
Expected Completion Date - July 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
BUS 43
Genetic Algorithm Applications in Business: A Review and Analysis of the Literature (1980-1997)
A survey of journal articles on genetic algorithm business applications published between 1980 and 1997 indicates that an increasing amount of genetic algorithm research is being conducted for a diverse range of business activities. The classification of literature by (1) year of publication, (2) application area, (3) problem domain, (4) decision process phase, (5) level of management, (6) level of task interdependence, (7) means of development, (8) corporate/ academic interaction in development, (9) technology integration, (10) comparative study, (11) major contribution, and (12) journal provides some insights into the trends in genetic algorithm research. The implications for genetic algorithm developers/researchers and suggestions on future research areas are discussed.

83
Investigator(s)
Dr WONG, Frank BK (Department of Finance
& Decision Sciences)
Duration
Starting Date - April 1997
Completion Date - January 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
BUS 44
A Study of Neural Network Design and Performance
In the last decade, after almost 20 years of stagnation, great strides have been made in neural network technology. As a result, an increasing amount of published research has appeared, with a considerable portion focusing on actual neural network development for business applications. Wong, Bodnovich and Selvi [1996] have done a comprehensive literature review on the neural network business application applications. One of the major findings was that there are still conflicting results on the performance of neural networks in comparison to other conventional and statistical techniques. This triggers further research to understand why these conflicting results exist. The major objective of this research is to evaluate the performance of neural networks using different architectures and training schemes, since it is believed that different designs of neural networks can seriously affect their performance.
Investigator(s)
Dr WONG, Frank BK (Department of Finance
& Decision Sciences)
Duration
Starting Date - August 1997
Expected Completion Date - August 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
BUS 45
Business Process Reengineering in the Public Sector
Business Process Reengineering (BPR) is the fundamental analysis and radical redesign of the business process to achieve dramatic improvements in critical measures of performance (Hammer 1990). In most BPR literature, research and practice, emphasis has been made on ‘business process’, very little has been done in the ‘public process’; In this study, it explores how BPR principles and practices could be applied in the public sector of Hong Kong.
Investigator(s)
Mr WONG, Tony CK (Department of Finance & Decision Sciences)
Duration
Starting Date - August 1996
Completion Date - July 1997

84
BUS 46
Perceptions of Organizational Politics: Antecedents and Outcomes in a Chinese Context
This study tested the cross-cultural validity of Ferris, Russ and Fandt's (1989) model of perceptions of organizational politics. Respondents were Hong Kong Chinese full-time employees enrolled in part-time studies at a local university. Results revealed preliminary support for the cross-cultural validity of the model indicating that Hong Kong Chinese employees perceive politics as an important dimension of organizational life. Significant individual antecedents were drawn from each of the three antecedent sets (organizational, job/work and personal) reflecting the multivariate influences on perceptions of politics. Controlling for the antecedents, perceptions of politics were related to only job tension. The results further revealed that understanding did not moderate the perceptions of politics-work outcomes relationships. Limitations of the study and directions for future research are discussed.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Prof ARYEE, Samuel (Department of
Management)
Co-investigator( s )
Dr CARROLL, Ray (Department of Accountancy & Law)
Ms LO, Susanna (Department of Management)
Duration
Starting Date - April 1997 Completion Date - Completed
BUS 47
Procedural Justice and Employee Performance: Test of a Social Exchange-Based Mediated Model
Underpinned by a social exchange framework, the present study examined the relative importance of trust in employer and perceived organizational support as mediators of the procedural justice-organizational citizenship behaviour relationship. Respondents were Hong Kong Chinese full-time employees (N=255) drawn from multiple organizations. Regression results revealed procedural justice to be related to trust in employer, perceived organizational support and civic virtue but not to altruism. Additionally, the procedural justice-civic virtue relationship was mediated by perceived organizational support. Limitations and strengths of the study as well as directions for future research are discussed.
Investigator(s)
Prof ARYEE, Samuel (Department of Management)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1998 Completion Date - Completed

85
BUS 48
Workplace Justice, Citizenship Behaviour and Turnover Intentions in a Union Context: Examining the Mediating Influence of Perceived Union Support and Union Instrumentality
This study examined the effect of workplace justice afforded by the grievance system on citizenship behaviour and turnover intentions and, the mechanisms that underpin these relationships in a union context. Respondents (N = 187) were members of a large public sector union in Singapore. The results revealed that while both distributive and procedural justice were related to the mediators of union instrumentality and perceived union support only procedural justice was related to the union outcomes of citizenship behaviour and turnover intentions. The results further revealed that perceived union support did not mediate the procedural justice-union outcomes relationships but, union instrumentality completely mediated the procedural justice-citizenship behaviour relationship and partially mediated the procedural justice-turnover intentions relationship. Limitations of the study and implications of the findings for enhancing the effectiveness and survival of unions in an increasingly difficult environment are discussed.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Prof ARYEE, Samuel (Department of Management)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr CHAY, Yue Wah (National University of
Singapore, Singapore)
Duration
Starting Date - April 1998
Completion Date - Completed
BUS 49
An Empirical Investigation of Corporate Entrepreneurship, Market Orientation, Strategy and Firm Performance in Electronic Industry in Hong Kong and the United States
This project is an attempt to advance the body of interdisciplinary knowledge in strategic management and marketing by examining the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship, market orientation, strategy, and firm performance of Hong Kong and U.S. business organizations. The main objective of this project is to examine the antecedents and consequences of organizational culture as defined by corporate entrepreneurship and market orientation in Hong Kong and the United States. This objective will be accomplished by investigating the relationship between corporate (as opposed to individual) entrepreneurship, market orientation, strategy, and firm performance. Specifically, this study will examine (1) the strategic posture, entrepreneurship intensity, and the degree of market orientation of Hong Kong and U.S. firms

86
and (2) the influence of entrepreneurship and market orientation as mediated by strategy on the financial and non-financial performance of these organizations.
Investigator(s)
Dr EBRAHIMI, Bahman P (Department of Management)
Duration
Starting Date - February 1998
Expected Completion Date - February 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
BUS 50
An Empirical Investigation of the Relationship between Environmental Scanning Behaviour and Firm Performance of Expatriate Managers in Hong Kong
The main objective of this study is to examine the similarities and differences in environmental volatility, perceived environmental uncertainty, environmental scanning behaviour, and organizational performance among expatriate managers stationed in Hong Kong. Expatriate managers from Australia, Japan, United Kingdom, and the United States working in Hong Kong will be included as subjects in the study. Hong Kong provides a unique setting for
this research due to availability of a reasonably large number of executives with different cultural backgrounds operating under the same environmental conditions.
Investigator(s)
Dr EBRAHIMI, Bahman P (Department of Management)
Duration
Starting Date - February 1997
Completion Date - Completed
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
BUS 51
The Effects of Cultural Variation on Organizational Commitment, Loyalty to Supervisors and their Outcomes
This study explores underlying cultural variables on an individual basis to understand how they influence organizational commitment, loyalty to supervisors and their outcomes. The subjects of study are supervisors and subordinates in a joint venture pharmaceutical company located in Guangzhou.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr FRANCESCO, Anne Marie (Department of Management)

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Co-investigator(s)
Dr CHEN, George ZX (Department of Marketing)
Duration
Starting Date - November 1997
Expected Completion Date - June 1999
Source(s) of Funding
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Direct Allocation Grant
BUS 52
Field Based Case Studies on
Management and Organizational Behaviour in East Asia
The project is an investigation of management and organizational behaviour issues within the Asia Pacific region. Through field based research, the studies are providing an in-depth look at real problems and issues in real companies in each of the 14 countries in the region.
Investigator(s)
Dr FRANCESCO, Anne Marie (Department of Management)
Duration
Starting Date - July 1997
Expected Completion Date - June 1999
Source(s) of Funding
U.S. Department of Education International Research and Studies Grant
BUS 53
The Future of Human Resource Management (HRM) in the Hong Kong SAR
The purpose of this study is to explore the development of the human resource management (HRM) field in Hong Kong. The objectives are to identify
1.	Major trends in HRM policy and practice
2.	The role of HRM in strategy development and implementation
3.	Current and future levels of education and training of HRM professionals, including professional accreditation
4.	Expected developments in HRM.
Investigator(s)
Dr FRANCESCO, Anne Marie (Department of Management)
Duration
Starting Date - November 1997
Expected Completion Date - March 1999
Source(s) of Funding
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Direct Allocation Grant

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BUS 54
Confucianism to Egalitarianism: Gender Role Attitudes of Students in the PRC
The aims of this paper are to compare gender role attitudes of male and female university students in the PRC, and also to determine the socioeconomic predictors in explaining the variance in attitudes between the sexes. To assess subjects' perceptions of gender roles, a multidimensional scale was adopted for measuring an individual's support for gender equality in (a) Business and the Professions, (b) Home, (c) Sex-appropriate Behaviour, and (d) Social-domestic Work. Based on the T-test results, female students were significantly less traditional than males in their perceptions of gender roles in all areas. Gender was found to be negatively related to gender role attitudes. A negative correlation was reported between family size and Social-domestic Work. However, there was no evidence to suggest any relationship with maternal employment although both men and women tended to be more liberal when they had a working mother. Multiple regression results revealed that the mother's professional occupation was the most significant predictor and had positive effect on Sex-appropriate Behavior.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr LEUNG, Alicia SM (Department of
Management)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr NG, Ying Chu (Department of Economics)
Duration
Starting Date - June 1998 Completion Date - Completed
BUS 55
An Investigation of the Impact of Organizational Downsizing in Mid-Career Managers
The nature and functioning of employment relationships in Hong Kong can be seen to be undergoing change. Companies are forced to operate in much more dynamic and complex business environments. Owing to the drastic change in the business environment - the Asian financial crisis and the decline in companies' performance - the past several months have seen may examples of organizational downsizing. May of these actions reach into the ranks of white collar and middle management positions. This study attempts to provide a more comprehensive approach to the effect of lay off on the remaining employees. Implications are drawn for practical consequences and solutions, and to develop analytical contributions for organizational theory.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr LEUNG, Alicia SM (Department of Management)
Co-investigator(s)
Mr CHANG, Ludwig (Department of Finance and Decision Sciences)

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Duration
Starting Date - June 1998
Expected Completion Date - June 1999
BUS 56
Sexuality & Sexual Identity of Female Secretaries in the Workplace
This research project presents a theoretical and empirical investigation of Chinese women in the less powerful organizational positions, namely secretaries. The study considers the implications of the boss-secretary relationship for an understanding of the wider operations of power in organisations. Using feminist and human relations theory, it explores the multiple meanings of the boss-secretary relations, and provides the basis for a discussion on the complex interplay of, particularly, sexuality and power.
Investigator(s)
Dr LEUNG, Alicia SM (Department of Management)
Duration
Starting Date - June 1998
Expected Completion Date - September 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
BUS 57
Adjustment and Career Planning of Chinese Mainland Expatriate Managers in Hong Kong Facilitating an Accelerated Internationalization Process of Chinese Mainland Firms
The project proposes to investigate adjustment and career planning of Chinese mainland expatriate managers assigned to Hong Kong facilitating an accelerated internationalization process of Chinese mainland firms. Despite its relevance, little academic research seems to have been undertaken that deals with Chinese mainland expatriate managers in Hong Kong. The proposed study could be significant in several ways. Exploratory results seem to support the suggestion that Hong Kong is used by Chinese mainland firms as a training ground and stepping stone in their internationalization process. Data are collected through a questionnaire as well as from in-depth personal interviews with key executives of selected Chinese mainland firms in Hong Kong.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Prof SELMER, Jan (Department of Management)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr EBRAHIMI, Bahman P (Department of Management)

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Duration
Starting Date - January 1998
Completion Date - September 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
BUS 58
Organizational Acculturation: A Longitudinal Study of Parent Cultural Control of Foreign Business Operations in Hong Kong
Organizational acculturation refers to the influence of parent organizational culture resulting in change of work values of host country national employees in foreign subsidiaries. This project extends and develops previous cross-sectional research on organizational acculturation undertaken by two of the researchers. To facilitate stronger causal interpretations, this project uses a longitudinal approach over three years. The target group of Hong Kong Chinese middle managers employed in foreign subsidiaries of a European country is contrasted against a control group and a benchmark group. A variety of research methods are applied in the project, both quantitative and qualitative.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Prof SELMER, Jan (Department of Management)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr de LEON, Corinna
Dr GROJER, Jan-Erik (School of Business, Stockholm University, Sweden)
Duration
Starting Date - July 1994
Completion Date - June 1998
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmarked Research Grant
BUS 59
Perspectives on International Joint Ventures in the People’s Republic of China
Ever since the People's Republic of China opened their doors for foreign investments in 1979, capital, technology, and management know-how have been pouring in to enhance foreign trade and economic development. The gross national product of PRC has increased from US$25 billion before the economic reforms in 1979 to US$530 billion in 1994. Foreign equity enterprises accounted for ten percent of the GNP and nearly one-third of foreign trade. Over 87.5 percent of foreign contracts approved were formed during the 1990-93 period indicating a tremendous upsurge in the recent period. Interestingly, the mix of foreign investments also changed since 1990 - more equity joint ventures and more wholly foreign owned enterprises. Hong Kong, Taiwan, USA and Japan accounted for nearly 84 percent of all contracts approved. It is estimated that nearly

91
80 percent of these foreign investment contracts are of ethnic Chinese origin. How are these joint ventures formed? How are they operated? And how do they perform? These and related issues are explored in this study which is expected to result in new insights into international joint ventures. Even though some twenty seven or so studies were done on joint ventures in the PRC, no study has focused on joint decision making of partners with respect to marketing strategies. This study will fill that gap. The findings will enhance the development of the theory of internationalization of the firm and provide guidelines for the management of international joint ventures.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Prof CHAN, Allan KK (Department of Marketing)
Co-investigator(s)
Prof NAIDU, GM (Department of Marketing, University of Wisconsin, USA)
Duration
Starting Date - June 1996 Completion Date - COMPLETED
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
BUS 60
The Study of Chinese Brand
Names
This project aims at investigating the linguistic components of Chinese brand names. Studies on brand naming have been largely conducted in western countries and on the products branded in western European languages. Our study aims at finding the general principles guiding Chinese branding and specific rules guiding branding of different categories of products. These efforts have produced results which were published as two journal articles. Continued efforts are devoted to exploring specific product classes to verify the general principles and specific rules developed.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Prof CHAN, Allan KK (Department of Marketing)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr HUANG, Yue Yuan (Language Centre)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1996
Expected Completion Date - December 1998
BUS 61
Technology Usage in Marketing Planning
This study analyzes relationships among personal values, planning attitudes, planning behaviour, personal characteristics, organizational variables, and usage of statistical techniques, quantitative methods, marketing models, computer based decision models,

92
electronic mail, and electronic spreadsheets. Results are based on a pilot study of thirty-one Chinese managers in strategic business units in China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan with knowledge of the organization's marketing planning system. Fieldwork used computer-assisted, selfadministered, personal interviews. The hypothesized model includes four endogenous constructs, one exogenous construct, fourteen factors, and forty-six variables. An EQS structural equations programme was used to analyze the system of relationships.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Prof CHAN, Allan KK (Department of Marketing)
Co-investigator(s)
Prof DANDURAND, Lawrence (Department of Marketing, University of Nevada, USA)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1996
Completion Date - COMPLETED
BUS 62
The Effect of Employee Demography on Organizational Commitment and Turnover Intentions: The Chinese Case
The purpose of this project is to examine the main effect of demographic variables on organisational commitment, and the moderating effect of demographic variables on the
relationship between organisational commitment and turnover intentions in the People's Republic of China. The demographic variables include age, gender education, position, and tenure. The proposed hypotheses was tested by hierarchical regression and moderating regression based on the data collected from the People's Republic of China. This study will provide evidence that the relationship between demographic variables and organizational commitment in Chinese setting may be different from that from the Western setting. This project is one of the many to study the moderating effect of demographic variables on relationship between organisation commitment and turnover intentions.
Investigator(s)
Dr CHEN, George ZX (Department of Marketing)
Duration
Starting Date - March 1998
Expected Completion Date - March 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
BUS 63
Loyalty to Supervisor and Organisational Commitment: Their Effects on the Chinese Organisations
Commitment to supervisor (or loyalty to

93
supervisor) and organizational commitment are two important employee attitudes that have significant influences on employee's behaviour and performance in organizations. Even though in the Western setting organizational commitment has been well studied and loyalty to supervisor has attracted many researchers' attentions, in the Chinese setting research on these two attitudes are rare. This project aims to empirically investigate these two employee attitudes from the Chinese indigenous perspective and examines their applications in Chinese business organizations.
Investigator(s)
Dr CHEN, George ZX (Department of Marketing)
Duration
Starting Date - March 1998
Expected Completion Date - March 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
^^^^^^^^^^^^^t**************** ****************************** BUS 64
Assessing the Opportunities and Constraints for Database Marketing in International Business: The Case of China
The project explores recent developments in database marketing and relates these to the Chinese business culture. An empirical study was conducted which sought to examine some
of the dimensions of Chinese culture which differ from western traditions and which may have impact upon the development of direct mail in China.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr FOOK, Noel YM (Department of Marketing)
Co-investigator( s)
Prof PALMER, Adrian (School of Business, University of Ulster, UK)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1996
Expected Completion Date - September 1999
******************************
******************************
BUS 65
The Perception of Marketing Orientation among the Chinese Managers in the Context of Organizational Change: The Case of People’s Republic of China
Evidence suggests that successful organizations demonstrate a higher level of commitment and expertise in marketing than their competitors. There is a strong case for arguing that marketing orientation within a business enterprise leads to improved marketing effectiveness and that this, in turn, leads to improved organizational effectiveness. The empirical focus of the project is on Chinese managers in the services and manufacturing sectors in China via the use of

94
open-ended questionnaire and interviews. In total 300 questionnaire were collected and six case-study interviews were conducted.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr FOOK, Noel YM (Department of Marketing)
Co-investigator( s)
Dr LIU, Sandra SM (Department of Marketing)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1996
Completion Date - COMPLETED
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
BUS 66
A Study of Service Quality Perceptions in Non-profit Organizations: The Case of Hong Kong Protestant Churches
Research on service quality and market segmentation for non-profit organizations is scarce. The present study addresses this issue with specific focus on Protestant churches in Hong Kong. Three segments with different service quality perceptions are envisaged based on the results of a factor-cluster analysis. It is concluded that churches should not merely treat the general public as a homogeneous group. Marketing implications for churches to address
the needs of different segments are also suggested.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr FOOK, Noel YM (Department of Marketing)
Co-investigator(s)
Mr WOO, Ka Shing (School of Business & Administration , OpenU)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1996
Completion Date - COMPLETED
BUS 67
Toward the Measurement of Business Ethical Philosophies in China
The two well recognized instruments, the Ethics Position Questionnaire (EPQ - developed by Forsyth) and the Multidimensional Ethics Scale (MES - developed by Reidenbach and Robin), have been widely validated and applied by a variety of business ethics researchers in North America. Nevertheless, there has been no research that has investigated the psychometric properties of these instruments outside North America. It is theorized that ethical decisionmaking may be influenced by culture. Therefore, the current research will evaluate the EPQ and the MES to the Chinese culture. An external criterion, the Consumer Ethics Scale (CES), for predictive validity is included in the research.

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Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr FOOK, Noel YM (Department of Marketing)
Co-investigator( s)
Ms LEE, Betsy Y Y (Department of Marketing)
Dr DICKINSON, John R (Faculty of Business Administration, University of Windsor, Canada)
Duration
Starting Date - June 1998
Expected Completion Date - June 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
BUS 68
Market-Orientation and Institutional Entrepreneurship for Universities in Transition and their Implications for Organizational Structure and Processes
The proposed study will examine institutional strategic responses to external metaphors of public accountability, political changes and consumerism and the internal adaptations and changes necessary to facilitate these responses. Case studies will be conducted on both City University of Hong Kong, which has been recognised as having aggressive strategic marketing activities, and the Hong Kong
University of Science and Technology which has a strong North American influence. The study's focus is primarily on their adoption of marketorientation and the entrepreneurial approach. Resulting changes in organisational structures and processes will be examined.
Investigator(s)
Dr LIU, Sandra SM (Department of Marketing)
Duration
Starting Date - April 1997
Expected Completion Date - April 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
BUS 69
Strategic Planning for Universities with a Market-Orientation: A Study of Hong Kong Experience and PRC Universities in Transition to a Socialist Market Economy System
The trend of individualism and utilitarianism in recent decades induces prevalent ideas of education as being instrumental in enabling individuals to identify and meet their own needs. Universities are forced to respond to the consumerism and market-led competitive environment. In the meantime, there is the societal value shift in the PRC from the State

96
being the supreme power which has absolute authority over employment of university graduates, to the belief of individuals possessing the right to achieve their personal goals and the opportunity to excel in their respective professions. Whilst universities in Hong Kong are in the process of introducing marketing strategies into their institutional planning, their PRC counterparts are being challenged by the marketisation of higher education. This research project is therefore initiated to examine implications of marketisation of higher education on universities in both Hong Kong and the PRC and their emerging strategies.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr LIU, Sandra SM (Department of Marketing)
Co-investigator(s)
Prof CHENG, Kai Ming (Faculty of Education,
HKU)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1997
Expected Completion Date - July 2000
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmarked Research Grant
******************************
BUS 70
The Application of Organisational Buying Theory in Advertizing Agency / Client Relationships in China
The 1980s and 1990s have seen the development of an interesting, diverse and relevant body of literature on the advertizing client-advertizing agency relationship. In recent times an area of focus has been the application of organizational buying behaviour principles to companies who are purchasing advertizing services from advertizing agencies. However, little is known about such issues in the China context. This research involves a survey of 200 firms in Shanghai, examining the application of organizational buying behaviour principles in the advertising industry.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr PRENDERGAST, Gerard (Department of Marketing)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr SHI, Yi Zheng (Department of Marketing)
Duration
Starting Date - July 1997
Completion Date - COMPLETED
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
BUS 71
Marketing Practices of Rural
Enterprises in China
The project examines a number of questions, namely: -

97
(1)	What is the specific approach of Chinese rural enterprises, mostly small firms, to marketing?
(2)	What are the similarities and differences when compared with their counterparts, for example, small firms in Hong Kong and cities of mainland China.
(3)	How do Chinese marketing practices and principles differ, if at all, from those adopted in Hong Kong?
Investigator(s)
Dr SIU, Wai Sum (Department of Marketing)
Duration
Starting Date - April 1998
Expected Completion Date - December 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
BUS 72
Small Firm Marketing in China: A Preliminary Study
This research aims to determine:
(1)	Whether the broad small firm marketing principles, specifically generated from the Western countries, contribute to the success of Chinese small firms in mainland China, and;
(2)	How and to what extent the specific marketing practices of Chinese small firms in mainland China are different from those of their counterparts, for example, British small firms.
Investigator(s)
Dr SIU, Wai Sum (Department of Marketing)
Duration
Starting Date - July 1997
Expected Completion Date - February 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
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BUS 73
Small Firm Marketing in China: A Comparative Study
The project builds on the ongoing research (Siu and Kirby, 1995 and 1996) into how Chinese cultural values influence business practices in different politico-economic settings and business contexts, for example, the United Kingdom, Hong Kong and the People's Republic of China, thereby facilitating better trading arrangements with the West, particularly the United Kingdom.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr SIU, Wai Sum (Department of Marketing)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr KIRBY, David A (Middlesex University Business School, UK)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1998
Expected Completion Date - April 1999

98
Source(s) of Funding
UK/HK Joint Research Scheme
BUS 74
Strategic Management of Large Chinese Industrial Companies
This project concerns strategic management of large industrial companies in China. It will examine how these groups conducted diversification, mergers and acquisitions (M & As) under two external pressures: (1) external control exerted by institutional authorities (thereafter institutional contexts) and (2) competitive forces from the market (thereafter market contexts). The research will examine how these two contexts affect the strategystructure alignment in large Chinese industrial groups and its influence on a firm's performance. The research will deploy two methods: (1) a survey of 100 companies which are listed on the Shenzhen stock market; and (2) selection of 10 of the sampled organizations for an in-depth case study. So far, the literature review part is nearing completion and the empirical part has started.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr SHI, Yi Zheng (Department of Marketing)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr LU, Yuan (Department of Management, CUHK)
Duration
Starting Date - March 1998
Expected Completion Date - June 2000
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
BUS 75
Technological Assets and Foreign Direct Investment
Foreign direct investment (FDI), made by firms from the newly industralised economies (NIEs) to their neighbouring regions is an increasingly striking phenomenon in recent years. This project is to compare FDI made by NIE firms with FDI of TNCs (Transnational Corporations) from developed countries. The study argues that firms with different technological capabilities will adopt different FDI strategies to better exploit opportunities in host developing countries. The inquiry has been conducted through an empirical investigation into the FDI activities of large TNCs and of small firms of NIEs such as Hong Kong and Taiwan in China's manufacture industry. It uses a semi-structured questionnaire to interview a number of FDI firms in each group. Some results of the projects are published and it is expected the project will be completed within the year.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr SHI, Yi Zheng (Department of Marketing)

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Co-investigator(s)
Dr YU, Pan (Department of Economics, University of Minnesota, USA)
Duration
Starting Date - June 1997
Expected Completion Date - December 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant

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School
of
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COMM1
Benchmark Study on Communication Process and Effects of Television Advertising on Children in Hong Kong
A quota sample of 448 children from five to twelve years old were personal-interviewed in May 1998. The objectives were to examine children's response to television advertising on aspects relating to the communication process. Results indicated that kids from grade two (aged seven to eight) began to know what advertising was and were aware of the persuasive intention of television advertising. Over one third of older kids from grade four understood that television stations carried advertising for money. Like kids in the West, the main reason for liking and disliking of commercial depended on its entertainment element. Understanding of television advertising, recall of brands from slogans and comprehension of advertising content were consistently related to cognitive development of children. Brand recognition from liked and disliked commercials was strong. Over seventy percent of kids from grade two demonstrated an understanding of public service advertising of a highly abstract idea.
Investigator(s)
Dr CHAN, Ka Wah (Department of Communication Studies)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1998
Expected Completion Date - February 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant


COMM 2
Benchmark Study on Green Consumerism in Hong Kong
This study explores Hong Kong consumers' attitudes toward green consumerism, how much they know about environmental claims, and their intentions and actual practice of green purchase behaviours.
An intercept sample survey of 704 Hong Kong residents was conducted. Results indicated that Hong Kong consumers held positive attitudes toward green consumerism. However, only one fifth of the respondents were willing to pay more for environmental friendly products. The proportion was much lower than the results obtained in 1992 and 1995; indicating consumers were price sensitive during economic recessions. Hong Kong consumers were moderately knowledgeable about green consumerism. Use of mass media for environmental news had great impact on the respondents5 intentions to be green consumers.
Investigator(s)
Dr CHAN, Ka Wah (Department of Communication Studies)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1998 Completion Date - Completed
Source(s) of Funding
Environment and Conservation Fund

103
COMM 3
Cultural Values in China and Hong Kong Television Advertising from 1993 to 1998
This study will map the consumer cultural values in China and Hong Kong's television advertising. China is selected to represent a traditional society striking for modernisation. Hong Kong is selected to represent a society that blends a Western lifestyle with Chinese culture successfully.
About 1,200 commercials from mainland China and Hong Kong for the years 1993 and 1998 will be content analysed using Cheng and Schweitzer's (1996) coding frame of cultural values. The dominant cultural values manifest for the two societies will be compared and the underlying dimensions of consumer cultural values will be explored.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr CHAN, Ka Wah (Department of Communication Studies)
Co-investigator(s)
CHENG, Hong (Bradley University, USA)
Duration
Starting Date - May 1998
Expected Completion Date - February 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
COMM 4
Cultural Values in Hong Kong Print Advertising, 1946-1996
A content analysis of 580 print advertisements for the period 1946 to 1996 was conducted using the Cheng and Schweitzer (1996)'s framework of cultural values. 'Quality', 'economy', 'modernity'popularity5, 'social status' and 'convenience' were the six cultural values that dominated Hong Kong advertising. The set of dominant values was a combination of utilitarian and symbolic values. However, the set of dominant values consisted of mainly western values and there was no typical eastern values. The manifest of cultural values depended mainly on the product category. The manifest of cultural values was rather consistent and the study did not support a rapid shift from utilitarian values to symbolic values over the past fifty years.
Investigator(s)
Dr CHAN, Ka Wah (Department of Communication Studies)
Duration
Starting Date - March 1997 Completion Date - Completed
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant

104
COMM 5
Asian Values and the Vietnamese Press: An Analysis of the Saigon Giai Phong
This study examined Confucian values in the news in Vietnam. A content analysis of the Saigon Giai Phong was used to explore news content and news values. Seventeen news values representing Western, Marxist, and development communication approaches to news and six Confucian values were used to evaluate news items. Frequency analysis and factor analysis were used to determine how Confucian values were employed and integrated with other values to form new ways of defining what was newsworthy in the Vietnamese context.
Investigator(s)
Dr ELLIOTT, Charles W (Department of Communication Studies)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1996 Completion Date - Completed
COMM 6
Define “Western" News: a Comparison of News Values in the Press of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, England and the
United States
Much has been said about the impact of western mass media on the flows of information, but how homogeneous is that flow of information from western countries? A content analysis of the news from the press of five different western countries was conducted to determine if differences existed in the presentation of the news, and if so, how these papers varied.
Investigator(s)
Dr ELLIOTT, Charles W (Department of Communication Studies)
Duration
Starting Date - February 1998
Expected Completion Date - June 1999
COMM 7
Individualism and Collectivism in Representations of Sports: A Comparison of China Sports and Sports Illustrated
The individualism/collectivism dimension of intercultural communication is recognised as a prime means of accounting for communication differences across cultural groups. Yet increasingly, instead of being considered as bipolar factors, researchers are finding that the two can coexists. This research attempts to explore this perspective by examining tendencies of individualism/collectivism in a particular context: representations in sports

105
magazines from the US and China. Content analysis was used in this study to examine individualism and collectivism in sports representations in order to understand what was being emphasised. This research profiled how representations of sports stories from China and the US exhibit the individualism/collectivism dimension. It considered whether there are significant differences between the two countries and if so, what those differences were.
Investigator(s)
Dr ELLIOTT, Charles W (Department of Communication Studies)
Duration
Starting Date - May 1997
Completion Date - Completed
COMM 8
A Longitudinal Analysis of Advertising Representations of Men in Next Magazine
Content analysis was used to examine how men were represented in advertising in a popular Hong Kong mass circulation magazine over a period of five years from 1990-1994. Content categories measured included characteristics of the individual in the advertisement, the context in which the ad was set, and the product of the advertisement. Comparison of Western and Chinese representations were made to determine if cultural differences existed in the way males were presented in advertising promotions.
Investigator(s)
Dr ELLIOTT, Charles W (Department of
Communication Studies)
Duration
Starting Date - March 1998
Expected Completion Date - June 1999
COMM 9
Conflict Genres and Management Strategies during China's 'Ten Years of Turmoil'
Using the extensive autobiographical literature that continues to be published by participants in China's Cultural Revolution, this research investigated the conflict genres that characterized the CR's two major phases, and explored the rational basis of the conflict management strategies employed during the conflict episodes reported in these autobiographies. The paper concluded that many of the conflict genres and conflict management strategies described are still used within Chinese society today, albeit in a less violence-prone form.
Investigator(s)
Dr POWERS, John H (Department of Communication Studies)
Duration
Starting Date - March 1997 Completion Date - Completed

106
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107
China.
Investigator(s)
Dr POWERS, John H (Department of Communication Studies)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1997
Expected Completion Date - November 1998
COMM 13
Using Fax-On-Demand Information in Four Marketing Situations
Originally conceived in 1995 as a cross-sectional “state-of-the-art” study of fax-on-demand usage (FOD) in Hong Kong, the study was totally overcome by the rapid and revolutionary rise of the Internet as a source of on-line information. While FOD still has adherents, the study found the technology to be only marginally used and useful in Hong Kong. Nevertheless, the study produced some interesting anecdotal evidence on Hong Kong residents’ disclosure of personal data to receive desired marketing information.
Investigator(s)
Dr RUIDL, Richard A (Department of Communication Studies)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1996 Completion Date - completed
Source(s) of Funding HKBU Faculty Research Grant
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COMM 14
The Rules of Tao-discourse
This study explores the rules of one of the most scared and long-standing forms of discursive practice in China: Tao-discourse.
Investigator (s)
Dr XIAO, Xiaosui (Department of Communication Studies)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1997
Expected Completion Date - December 1999
^$^*^**^^^****^*^^^^^^**^^^^^* ::“;::;: :!=:!::;: :j: :j: ❖ :•::!:;!::]::!::!: :j::;::;::!::;::;::;;::::;:::::;:::::;::;;:;: COMM 15
The Search for the Roots of the May Fourth Iconoclasm: A Metaphorical Perspective
This project focuses on the rhetorical root of the iconoclastic tendency by analyzing how the May Fourth rhetors exploited the cultural metaphors in their arguments for the birth of a new China.

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Investigator(s)
Dr XIAO, Xiaosui (Department of Communication Studies)
Duration
Starting Date - May 1998
Expected completion Date - September 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
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COMM 16
Tao-preaching and Discursive Power Game in the Early Twentieth-century Chinese Campaign for Scientism
This study explores a deep source of the spiritual appeal of the early twentieth-century Chinese campaign for scientism by examining this campaign in the context of the Chinese prolonged tradition of tao-preaching, and by viewing the defenders of science as master players of the “game” of this sacred form of discourse.
Investigator(s)
Dr XIAO, Xiaosui (Department of Communication Studies)
Duration
Starting Date - April 1996
Expected Completion Date - June 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^❖❖❖❖❖^^^^^^^^ ^^c^H:*^^^^^^*^^*^^^^^^^^*^^^^^^ COMM 17
A Mediated Tale of Two Cities : News Media’s Patterned Representation of Social Reality in Hong Kong and Guangzhou
This project proposes a large scale content analysis of Chinese media to seek patterns in the shift and continuity of media structure and operation.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr GUO, Zhongshi (Department of Journalism)
Co-investigator( s)
Dr HUANG, Yu (Department of Journalism) Dr YU, Xu (Department of Journalism)
Duration
Starting Date - February 1997
Expected Completion Date - December 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant

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COMM 18
Inter-Provincial Flow of News in China
The research is the first attempt to extend the analysis of international news flow to the domestic news flow in China. By employing the network analysis method, the on-going study is to explore [1] the patterns of inter-provincial coverage (e.g. who is covered by whom, who is over-reported, and who is under-reported); [2] the continuity and change of the patterns over time (from 1950s to 1990s); and [3] the causal factors responsible for the observed unbalanced flow of news. The result will not only enhance our understanding of the local media system but also shed new lights to the geo-political relationships among the 30 provinces in China.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr HUANG, Yu (Department of Journalism)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr ZHU, J(CityU, HK)
Duration
Starting Date - October 1996
Expected Completion Date - May 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
COMM 19
The Quest for Infomedia Literacy
The purpose of this study is to examine the current development of media education and information technology education in Hong Kong. The theoretical focus is on the educators’ changing concept of literacy. The impact of the mass media is so great that educators and media concerned groups in Hong Kong respond to this challenge by introducing media literacy in youth programs and school curricula. In recent years, media technologies have rapidly converged with computer technologies. It is now a crucial moment for the education sector to introduce a new kind of literacy training - informedia literacy courses. This study will have significant policy implications for the development of media education and IT education in Hong Kong. Theoretically, this study will help to construct the concept of infomedia literacy.
Investigator(s)
Dr LEE, Alice YL (Department of Journalism)
Duration
Starting Date - February 1998
Expected Completion Date - October 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant

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COMM 20
An Anthology of Award-Winning Journalism Pieces and their Critiques
To collect, edit, and publish winning pieces of the Hong Kong Best Press Articles of the Year Award 1993 and 1994, and Hong Kong News Award 1994, together with their critique articles.
Investigator(s)
Ms NIP, Joyce YM (Department of Journalism)
Duration
Starting Date - May 1995
Completion Date - December 1997
Source(s) of Funding
Hong Kong Arts Development Council Publication Fund
COMM 21
Newspaper News Sources in Hong Kong
Content analysis of news sources in Chinese-language. Dominance of news sources is analyzed in relation to the shifting power structure of Hong Kong in the political transition.
Investigator(s)
Ms NIP, Joyce YM (Department of Journalism)
Duration
Starting Date - October 1995
Completion Date - October 1997
COMM 22
An Assessment of the Fairness and Objectivity of Election Broadcasting in the Legislative Assembly Election 1998
The proposed project has three purposes. They are : (a) evaluate the performance of television coverage of the 1998 Legislative Assembly elections with respect to the two journalistic guiding principles : objectivity and impartiality; (b) evaluate the performance of television coverage of the 1998 Legislative Assembly elections with respect to the public information role of the mass media; and (c) establish an archive of television coverage footage of the 1998 Legislative Assembly elections for further research and teaching purposes.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Mr TO, Yiu Ming (Department of Journalism)
Co-investigator(s)
Ms NIP, Joyce YM (Department of Journalism)

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Duration
Starting Date - April 1998
Expected Completion Date - October 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
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Faculty
of
Science

114
sen
A Pharmacological Study on the Hypoglycemic and Insulin Potentiating Activities of Medicinal Herbs
Diabetes mellitus, characterized by abnormally high levels of blood glucose (hyperglycemia), is one of the most common and serious metabolic disorders. The incidence of the disease has risen in most developed countries. The incidence of current U.S. type II diabetes mellitus alone is 6.6% of the total population. Type II diabetes is currently controlled by dietary management and oral hypoglycemic drugs. Over 400 different plants form all over the world have been documented as potentially antidiabetic. The WHO Expert Committee on Diabetes also strongly recommended that traditional methods of treatment deserve further investigation. The present study aims to carry out a pharmacological study on the hypoglycemic and insulin-like activities of selected medicinal herbs.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr LEUNG, Wing Nang (Department of Biology)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr WONG LEUNG, Margaret YL (Department of Chemistry)
Dr PENG, Kang (Chinese Medicine Department, First Military Medical University, China)
Duration
Starting Date - July 1997
Expected Completion Date - January 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SCI 2
Photodynamic Therapy: A Study of Biological Effects of Phenothiazine Based Photosensitizers in Normal and Tumour Cells
Phototherapy is the use of light as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of diseases. It may be direct, or indirect in which a photosensitizer is employed. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a term used to describe the damage of living tissue by a combination of visible light, photosensitizer and oxygen. PDT of cancer has been actively investigated in clinical trials and in experimental researches. It uses a combination of near infrared or red light and a tumor selective photosensitizing drug to produce reactive species which eventually destroy the tumor cells.
Hematoporphyrin derivative is the first PDT sensitizer to be used clinically. However, a number of disadvantages of this first generation drug justify the need for new drug development. Cationic dyes have attracted a lot of interest for PDT recently. The major objective of this project is to study the uptake, localization and toxicity of newly synthesized cationic phenothiazine-based sensitizers in tumors and normal tissues. It is hoped that the results of this work will add to the knowledge of PDT. The eventual application of this new sensitizer in treating cancer patients and the improvement

115
of this cancer treatment modality will be our ultimate goal.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr LEUNG, Wing Nang (Department of Biology)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr MAK, Nai Ki (Department of Biology)
Prof CHEUNG, Nai Ho (Department of Physics)
Dr TONG, Michael CF (Department of Surgery, CUHK)
Dr WAINWRIGHT, Mark (Department of Chemistry, University of Central Lancaster, UK)
Duration
Starting Date - August 1997
Expected Completion Date - September 1999
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmarked Research Grant
SCI 3
A Mechanistic Study on the Antiviral Activities of Chinese Medicinal Herbs
Most of the serious flu epidemics are caused by influenza A virus. Two antiviral drugs, amantadine and rimantadine, which are well-known anti-viral compounds, are currently used for prophylaxis and treatment of influenza A infection. To further develop effective therapeutic agents against influenza virus,
compounds with anti-influenza activities were isolated from various botanical sources. Extracts of the herbal medicines (Baniangen) are commonly used in the treatment of viral upper respiratory infection in mainland China. We have recently identified some of the active components from these herbs. The present study aims at investigating the mechanistic antiinfluenza actions of various compounds isolated and purified from Baniangen.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr MAK, Nai Ki (Department of Biology)
Co-investigator( s)
Dr WONG LEUNG, Margaret YL (Department of Chemistry)
Dr WONG, Ricky NS (Department of Biology)
Duration
Starting Date - July 1996
Expected Completion Date - July 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SCI 4
Mechanistic Studies on Flavone-induced Monocytic Differentiation of Murine Myeloid Leukemia Cells
Flavones are naturally occurring low molecular weight phenolic compounds commonly found in a variety of plants. In the present study,

116
flavone was found to induce monocytic differentiation of murine myeloid leukemia JCS cells. Combination of flavone and physiological inducers (e.g. all-trans-retinoic acid, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and cytokines such as IL-la and IL-1P) acted synergistically in inducing monocytic differentiation of the leukemia cells in vitro. Using RT-PCR, flavone was found to enhance the expression of cytokines genes (e.g. TNF-a, M-CSF, and IL-6). Results from our study indicated that combination of naturally occurring flavonoids with physiological inducers may be useful in controlling the growth of leukemia cells.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr MAK, Nai Ki (Department of Biology)
Co-investigator( s)
Dr LEUNG, KN (Department of Biochemistry, CUHK)
Dr FUNG, MC (Department of Biology, CUHK)
Duration
Starting Date - July 1996
Expected Completion Date - January 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
CUHK Direct Grant
SCI 5
Pharmacological Study on the Medicinal Herbs Polygala caudata
The roots of Polygala caudata have been used as a sedative agent in Chinese medicine. This project aims at investigating the neuropharmacological activities of isolated and purified compounds from the roots of Polygala caudata. To assess the biological activities of each isolated component, we have examined the cytotoxicity, growth stimulatory / inhibitory activities, and also the differentiation inducing effects on neuroblastoma cells. One of the active components, designated PW-1, is selected for further study. The role of neuropoietic growth factors and other cellular signalling molecules will also be investigated. The results may shed light on understanding the neuropharmacological effects of Polygala caudata.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr MAK, Nai Ki (Department of Biology)
Co-investigator(s)
Prof YEUNG, Hing Wing (Institute of Advanced Chinese Medicine)
Dr LEUNG, Hi Wun (Institute of Advanced Chinese Medicine)
Dr WONG, Ricky NS (Department of Biology) Dr YUNG, Ken KL (Department of Biology)
Duration
Starting Date - July 1997
Expected Completion Date - July 1999
Source(s) of Funding
Industrial Support Fund
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117
Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Local Liverworts
The aim of this project is to study the antibacterial and antifungal activities of several local liverworts species. The liverworts belong to a group of highly specialized non-vascular plants and are a major component of tropical flora. Little is known of their chemical components even though some of them were claimed to possess pharmaceutical proprerties according to traditional Chinese medical records. Since this is the first study of its kind in Hong Kong, preliminary results show that several species possess antimicrobial activity against test organisms.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr SO, May Ling (Department of Biology)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr LEUNG, Wing Nang (Department of Biology)
Duration
Starting Date - April 1997
Completion Date - June 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty of Research Grant
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SCI 7
Studies on Stem Surface Structures of Liverworts
The aim of this project is to use the SEM to study the stem surface structures of Plagiochila, a large genus of liverworts found mostly in the subtropical and tropical regions. This genus comprises at least 1000 species worldwide and a conservative estimate of 100-150 species occur in East Asia. Hitherto, classification of species depends very much on morphological traits which are observed using the compound microscope with a magnification of up to 1000 x. With the availability of the SEM or TEM, minute structures undetected before can be revealed and relationship among members can be elucidated.
Investigator(s)
Dr SO, May Ling (Department of Biology)
Duration
Starting Date - July 1997 Completion Date - June 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty of Research Grant
SCI 8
Coal Fly Ash and Sewage Sludge Mixture as an Ameliorant for Boron Deficient and Degraded Acidic Soils in South China
In the southern part of China, soils are poor in organic matter, acidic in nature and are easily subjected to soil erosion and rainfall leaching. Boron is the trace element most commonly

118
deficient in these soils. All these lead to a lowering in soil productivity. An artificial soil mix derived from coal fly ash and sewage sludge developed here at Hong Kong Baptist University contains a high organic matter and nutrient contents especially nitrogen, phosphorus, boron and other trace elements. Laboratory results demonstrate that the artificial soil mix can act as a fertilizer to provide major and minor elements for plant growth and at the same time as a soil conditioner to improve soil physical properties. Therefore, the aim of this proposal is to evaluate the feasibility of using the artificial soil mix derived from coal fly ash and sewage sludge for amending acidic, boron and nutrient deficient soils in South China. The long term goal of the project is to transfer the techniques developed here in Hong Kong for the production of the artificial soil mix to mainland China for large scale commercial operations since there are huge amounts of coal fly ash and sewage sludge generated each year from major municipalities in China.
Field trips were made to various locations in Guangdong Province to identify boron deficient acidic soils. Soils were collected for determination of soil acidity and also soil hot water soluble boron contents. Our preliminary results showed that among the soils collected the soil pH ranged from 4 -5 and boron content ranged from 0.1 to 0.5 mg kg1. Soils with a hot water soluble boron content of 0.3 -0.5 mg kg 1 were considered to be boron deficient. Greenhouse experiments had been performed to study the use of the ash-CaO-sludge mixture on the growth of corn and cucumber. The growth of these two crops were significantly improved with the ash-CaO-sludge mixture amendment which enhanced the soil hot-water soluble B and nutrient contents.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr WONG, Jonathan WC (Department of
Biology)
Co-investigator(s)
Mr JIANG, RF (Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University)
Duration
Starting Date - June 1996
Expected Completed Date - November 1998
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmarked Research Grant
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Therefore, the aim of the present study is to evaluate this option for sewage sludge treatment and the potential use of coal ash residues as an alkaline buffering agent to co-compost with sludge and the compost can be used as a soil conditioner/fertilizer for landscaping and local nurseries which have a strong demand for organic fertilizers.
Increasing fly ash amendment levels resulted in a significant reduction in DTPA-extractable Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn and Pb contents of the fly ash-sludge composts while the reduction was less obvious in the lagoon ash-sludge composts. No significant difference in CO, production and the number of thermophilic bacteria were noted for all treatments except for 25% fly ash-sludge compost which had a reduced thermophilic bacterial growth and CO, production. Although there was a reduction in microbial activity at 25% fly ash-sludge at the thermophilic phase, the time of maturation for all treatments was about the same i.e., 63 days as indicated by the seed germination bioassay. Therefore, the use of coal fly ash as a co-composting material for sewage sludge was feasible but this will in turn depend on their effect on soil agronomic properties.
A greenhouse experiment was performed to study the growth of a vegetable crop. Brassica chinensis and a pasture species, Agropyron elongation, in an acidic loamy soil amended with the ash-sludge compost produced from the above experiment. Plant growth was significantly improved in soil receiving 25% ash-sludge cocompost and was comparable to the control with fertilizer and lime treatment. This indicated that the 25% ash-sludge compost can act as a fertilizer and an organic soil conditioner. This further supports the co-composting of sewage sludge and coal fly ash. The only question that needs to be answered is the long term fertility
and metal availability of the coal ash-sludge composting product which will require further investigations.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr WONG, Jonathan WC (Department of Biology)
Co-investigator( s)
Prof WONG, Ming Hung (Department of Biology)
Duration
Starting Date - October 1993
Completed Date - March 1998
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmarked Research Grant
SCI 10
Effect of Dissolved Organic Matter Derived from Sewage Sludge on Environmental Chemistry of Heavy Metals in Soils
There is growing interest in the application of sewage sludge on land as a means to treat and dispose of the waste for agricultural and horticultural uses. Locally the lack of landfill space makes this option a more appropriate option in the coming years. However, the relatively high metal content in the sludge, widely used in agriculture, is one major concern.

120
This is because of the potential intake of heavy metals through consumption of crops growing in these metal enriched sewage sludge. Therefore, to understand the chemistry and the mechanism of heavy metals mobility in sewage sludge will be important in providing means to control the release of heavy metals from sewage sludge. Sewage sludge usually contains high concentrations of heavy metals and organic matter. The dissolution, adsorption, desorption, bioavailability and translocation of heavy metals in sewage sludge are strongly influenced by organic matters derived from sewage sludge on environmental chemistry of heavy metals in soils. This should be investigated in order to provide a strong scientific basis for the development of land application strategy. The objectives of the present study are:
1.	To characterize the dissolved organic matter fraction of sewage sludge produced locally from wastewater treatment plants in Hong Kong.
2.	To study the adsorption and desorption characteristics of heavy metals as influenced by the dissolved organic matter and the various fractions of sewage sludge.
3.	To evaluate the function of various types of soil in retaining the dissolved organic matter.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr WONG, Jonathan WC (Department of Biology)
Co-investigator(s)
Prof WONG, Ming Hung (Department of Biology)
Duration
Starting Date - December 1996
Expected Completed Date - November 1998
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmarked Research Grant
SCI 11
Land Application as an Alternative for Sewage Sludge Disposal in Hong Kong
The strong demands of organic fertiliser for market gardens, nurseries and land development projects in Hong Kong support the recycling of sewage sludge as land application materials. The major local concerns about land application of sewage sludge are the high heavy metal contents especially for sewage sludge derived from industrial activities and the high salt contents due to sea water toilet flushing. Hence, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the option of land application as an alternative disposal strategy for sewage sludge in Hong Kong. The susceptibility of different soil types for sewage sludge application will be assessed. Emphasis will be made on the effects of the high salt content in addition to the high concentration of heavy metals of sewage sludge on the nutrient cycling of the receiving soils and crops. The persistency of heavy metals and pathogenic microorganisms in soils will also be evaluated in order to develop an application strategy and to determine the loading criteria applicable to local climatic conditions and farming practice.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr WONG, Jonathan WC (Department of Biology)

121
Co-investigator(s)
Prof WONG, Ming Hung (Department of
Biology)
Duration
Starting Date - November 1995
Expected Completed Date - November 1998
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmarked Research Grant
SCI 12
Induction of Cytochrome P450 IA1 from Polychlorinated Biphenyls-Treated Tilapia
Toxicological effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in aquatic ecosystem cause the deterioration of water quality and adversely affect fish and human health. The highly lipophilic nature of this contaminant may enter fish through the diet or by water-borne exposure. In monitoring the pollution, the cytochrome P450 induction response in fish has been evaluated as a sensitive, "early warning" method. We propose to conduct molecular studies on cytochrome P450IA1 (CYPIA1) gene expression using tilapia pretreated with PCBs. The objective of the present proposal is to characterize the induction properties of the gene in fish and to determine its differential expression in liver and extrahepatic organs in which it would be important in the diagnosis of the routes of contamination.
Investigator(s)
Dr WONG, Kong Chu (Department of Biology)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1998
Completion Date - January 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
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SCI 13
Aluminium and Fluoride Contents of Leaf Tea (’’Orthodox” Tea) and Brick Tea, and their Solubilities in Infusions
The present proposal aims at investigating the contents of aluminium (Al) and fluoride (F) in tea, Camellia sinensis (L.), which is known to accumulate high levels of Al and F from soil. It has been established that fluorosis can be caused by drinking a large amount of tea (made from brick tea which is considered not a qulaity tea) by some inhabitants of pastoral and semiagricultural semipastoral areas of Sichuan Province, PRC. Recently, it has been claimed that Alzheimer's disease is linked with the Al content in the human brain, derived from alum-treated drinking water over a prolonged period of time, and therefore the high Al content in teas is also a concern.
Ecological surveys have been conducted to study the distribution of Al and F in different tissues

122
of tea and associated soil in different tea plantations in China. The release of Al and F in tea liquor using different tea infusion methods has been investigated. The effect of agronomic practices in relation to the availability of Al and F from soil is being studied.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Prof WONG, Ming Hung (Department of Biology)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr WONG, Jonathan WC (Department of Biology)
Dr ZHANG, ZQ (Zhongshan University, China)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1996
Expected Completion Date - August 1999
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmarked Research Grant
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SCI 14
An Ecotoxicological Assessment of the Impact of Trace Metal Pollution in the Fish Ponds at
Mai Po Marshes
This proposal is an attempt to review the pollution status of the fishponds of Mai Po Marshes by studying the physico-chemical properties, especially the concentrations of trace metals (copper, lead, nickel and zinc) of water and sediment samples collected from the
fishponds. Biotoxicity tests were conducted using two local invertebrates (waterflea and amphipod) both in the field and in the laboratory. The uptake and distribution of the trace metals were studied using bioimaging techniques: laser scan confocal microscopy equipped with fluorescent-conjugated trace metal ion probes.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Prof WONG, Ming Hung (Department of Biology; Institute for Natural Resources and Waste Management)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr SHUTES, RBE (Middlesex University, UK) Dr YUNG, Ken KL (Department of Biology)
Duration
Starting Date - June 1997
Completion Date - May 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SCI 15
Environmental Contamination and Bioremediation
The rapid economic and industrial development in the last decade in Hong Kong and South China is of no cheap cost. It has dramatically increased the burdens of our fragile terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. To restore these affected ecosystems in a sustainable way is an important mission of the new SAR Government. There is

123
an urgent need of research in toxicity assessment of both inorganic and organic contaminants on living oganisms, and remediation of these contaminated sites for restoring and reutilizing the productivity of these degarded ecosystems.
Surveys are being conducted to assess the contamination of trace metals and trace organics in different ecological compartments of the Pearl River Delta. Bioremediation of toxic sites will be conducted in due course.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Prof WONG, Ming Hung (Department of Biology; Institute for Natural Resources and Waste Management)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr WONG, Jonathan WC (Department of Biology; Institute for Natural Resources and Waste Management)
Dr CHAN, Gilbert YS (PolyU)
Dr CHU, LM (CUHK)
Dr CHEUNG, RYH (CityU)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1998
Expected Completion Date - September 2001
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Central Allocation
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124
included in the first phase of tree planting on the SENT landfill. The performance of planted areas in different types of soil media, with different types of soil ameliorants and using different planting techniques were assessed. Comparisons of plant growth performance were made among different landfills in Hong Kong.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Prof WONG, Ming Hung (Department of Biology; Institute for Natural Resources and Waste Management)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr CHAN, Gilbert YS (PolyU)
Duration
Starting Date - August 1997
Expected Completion Date - August 1998
Source(s) of Funding
Contract Research Grant - Green Valley Landfill Limited
SCI 18
Immunotoxin as Immunolesioning and Antiviral Agent
Immunotoxin is a toxic molecule conjugated with an antigen specific antibody. It can specifically bind with target cells and mediate target cell destruction without harming other neighboring cells. In this study, immunotoxins specific for murine IgG is constructed and
evaluated for antiviral activities. The toxic compound used for conjugation is Trichosanthin (TCS), a type I ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) with molecular weight 27 kDa purified from root tubers of Trichosanthes kirilowii (Cucurbitaceae family). The antiviral activities of TCS-immunotoxin were examined using influenza A.NWS/33 virus infected Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. In the absence of immunotoxin, over 90% of MDCK cells were killed two days after influenza virus infection. Anti-influenza virus antiserum (1:100) alone has no protective effect on the infected cells. However, addition of antiviral antiserum (1:100) and immunotoxin resulted in a significant reduction of the cytopathic effect of the influenza virus on MDCK cells. Protective effect was not observed when the monoclonal anti-matrix protein antibody (1:100) and monoclonal anti-haemagglutinin antibody were used as primary antibodies. The reduced immunotoxicity was related to the low binding affinity to the target virus infected cells surfaces and this suggestion was further confirmed by the immunofluorscence staining techniques.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr WONG, Ricky NS (Department of Biology)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr MAK, Nai Ki (Department of Biology) Dr YUNG, Ken KL (Department of Biology)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1997
Expected Completion Date - September 1999
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmarked Research Grant

125
SCI 19
Isolation of Myelin Basic Protein from Porcine Brain
Myelin basic protein (MBP) is one of the major proteins present in the central nervous system. It constitutes approximately one third of the total protein in myelin. Our recent finding confirmed that MBP is a zinc-binding protein. Furthermore, zinc ion was found to potentiate myelin basic protein-induced phospholipid vesicle aggregation. In order to understand the interaction of MBP with phospholipid or zinc ion, the availability of native MBP is crucial.
Traditionally, the isolation of MBP usually includes a step in which chloroform-ethanol is used for lipid removal which will disrupt the native conformation of MBP. To this end, the search for a milder extraction procedure for the isolation of MBP would be helpful. This entails the use of high salt or detergents to dissociate the MBP from myelin.
Investigator(s)
Dr WONG, Ricky NS (Department of Biology)
Duration
Starting Date - June 1997
Expected Completion Date - May 1999
Source(s) of Funding
Departmental Grant
SCI 20
Characterization of Cadmium-Binding Capacity of Chlorella Vulgaris
The ability of chlorella vulgaris to withstand cadmium in its environment was studied. Like other organisms, C. vulgaris can develop tolerance to cadmium in the environment by producing a low molecular weight metal-binding protein. The cadmium binding capacity of this cytosolic protein is similar to that of the cell wall. When cell number was carefuly controlled, C. vulgaris was able to adsorb up to 86% of cadmium from the medium. Increasing the cell number increased the efficacy of metal removal.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr YANG, Mildred SM (Department of Biology)
Co-investigator( s)
Prof WONG, Ming Hung (Department of Biology)
Duration
Starting Date - July 1997
Completion Date - May 1998
Source(s) of Funding
Departmental Grant

126
SCI 21
Determinaton of Trace Metals in Weanling Mouse Brain after Treatment with Aluminum
Aluminum is a stable metal normally believed to be non-toxic. However, there has been mounting evidence which shows that aluminum may be associated with Alzheimer's disease like dialysis encephalopathy. The purpose of this study is to develop an animal system in HKBU to study aluminum toxicity. Mice were given aluminum daily for 2 months and Al in different brain regions were analyzed. In addition, the levels of other endogenous trace metals were also studied to examine whether uptake of Al in brain tissues may lead to a disturbance in homeostasis of other trace metals in the same brain regions.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr YANG, Mildred SM (Department of Biology)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr YUNG, Ken KL (Department of Biology)
Duration
Starting Date - July 1997
Completion Date - May 1998
Source(s) of Funding
Departmental Grant
SCI 22
Polarographic Measurement of Metallothionein in Biological Tissues
Almost all cells and animals studied responded to an elevated level of toxic trace metals, induced by the synthesis of metal-binding proteins, metallothionein (MT). One of the functions of MT is to serve as an early warning biochemcial indicator for metal exposure. MT in three different biological sampels (rodents, cell culture, tissues of the green lipped mussels) were studied. In the green lipped mussels collected from different sites with known pollution status, the visceral MT content reflects the local pollution status. In cell culture studies, induction of MT was demonstrated in cells which were exposed to different toxicants. Besides being used as a biomonitor for metal pollution status, MT can also be considered a stress indicator. In rodents, quantification of MT by differential pulse polarography met with difficulties due to interference by other thiol compounds. Studies is underway to examine other methods for quantifying MT in fresh animal tissues.
Investigator(s)
Dr YANG, Mildred SM (Department of
Biology)
Duration
Starting Date - July 1997
Completion Date - May 1998
Source(s) of Funding
Departmental Grant

127
SCI 23
Zn-Metallothionein as a Chelator for Removing Intracellular Cadmium
Study was conducted to examine the ability of ZnMT to remove intracellular Cd from RH-35 cells. Zn isolated from rabbit liver was not toxic to cells. Furthermore, the protein can enhance the Cd removing capacity from cells that were pre-loaded for 24 hours with toxic metals. The ability of ZnMT is better when compared to diethyldithiocarbamate, a metal chelator commonly used for removing intracellular cadmium.
Investigator(s)
Dr YANG, Mildred SM (Department of Biology)
Duration
Starting Date - July 1997
Completion Date - May 1998
Source(s) of Funding
Departmental Grant
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SCI 25
Feasibility Study on Leachate Recycle at Hong Kong Landfill Sites
Landfills are not just waste collectors; they are actually bioreactors and all landfills have certain purification capabilities. The objective of this project is to study the feasibility of on-site recycling (recirculating) the leachates at Hong Kong's landfills before the leachates are released into the wastewater treatment systems, so that the leachates can be pretreated by the landfill bioreactors. This research will use microcosms under experimental conditions simulated to those in-situ in the landfills. This research explores a potential promising biotechnology to cut down Hong Kong's current landfill operation cost and to further improve the environmental quality of the leachates, so that the landfill operation in Hong Kong may become more economical, sustainable, and environmentally sound.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr YE, Dingyi (Department of Biology)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr WONG, Jonathan WC (Department of Biology)
Duration
Starting Data - August 1997
Expected Completion Date - May 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SCI 26
Dopamine and Glutamate Receptors in an Animal Model of Parkinson’s Disease
The basal ganglia is a group of subcortical nuclei in the brain that is associated with movement. The cause of Parkinson's disease is due to a dysfunction of the basal ganglia. The understanding of the changes of dopamine and glutamate receptors in the basal ganglia after the onset and during the course of the disease is therefore important for the development of new treatment for the disease. These receptors are known to be the major and potential targets for drug treatments. The objective of the present project is to examine the changes in localization, distribution and density of dopamine and glutamate receptors in an animal model of Parkinson's disease, the 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned rat. Using this model, experimental manipulations will be performed and changes of these receptors will be studied at intermediate and late stages of the disease. The results of the present study will form a basis for the development of new treatments in future.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr YUNG, Ken KL (Department of Biology)
Co-investigator(s)
Prof BOLAM, JP (University of Oxford, UK)
Duration
Starting Date - August 1997
Expected Completion Date - July 1999

129
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmarked Research Grant
SCI 27
A New Agent for Immunolesioning in the Central Nervous System: Conjugation of Receptor Specific Antibodies with a Ribosome-inactivating Protein
Selective cell killing technique is extremely useful and important in biomedical research and clinical applications. This technique can be performed by injecting an agent, produced by conjugating a toxic substance to a molecule that is able to bind to a specific target on the cell surface, into the central nervous system. In the present project, a new agent will be produced. Ribosome-inactivating proteins, a group of cytotoxic proteins, are conjugated with an antibody molecule or a complex of antibody molecules that is specifically against a neurotransmitter receptor. A new type of immunotoxins is then produced. The immunotoxin is then injected into the brains of animals. Selective neuronal cell killing is achieved. The immunotoxin produced in our laboratory is proven to be useful in biomedical applications.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr YUNG, Ken KL (Department of Biology)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr WONG, Ricky NS (Department of Biology)
Duration
Starting Date - June 1996
Completed Date - May 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SCI 28
Anti-transpiration and Antigrowth Activities in the Xylem Stream of Plants Growing in Stressed Conditions
When plants experience perturbation in their root environment, leaf growth and transpiration rate are usually reduced. Very often, this reduction cannot be attributed to a reduced water uptake since leaf water deficit does not always occur at the time when the shoot physiology is changed. Our earlier investigation into the nature of this regulation has shown that an enhanced abscisic acid (ABA) concentration in the xylem stream is mainly responsible for such root to shoot communication and regulation. Other investigators, however, suggested that there are possibly several components in xylem involved in this signalling. This project investigated the possible commonality of chemical signals in the xylem stream from different species subjected to different stresses and had yielded over 10 refereed papers in journals.

130
Investigator(s)
Dr ZHANG, Jianhua (Department of Biology)
Duration
Starting Date - March 1995
Completion Date - September 1997
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmarked Research Grant
SCI 29
Early Senescence of Wheat at Grain-filling Time under Watersaving Cultivation
Early leaf senescence wheat can be initiated when irrigation frequency is reduced, especially during grain-filling time. Wheat grain size was greatly reduced as a result. This project is to compare the genotypes that have longer-lived leaves at grain-filling stage with those that have high yield potential and are currently adopted for their physiological characteristics, and to identify the physiological basis for the onset of early senescence under water-limited conditions. The objectives of this project should enable us to understand the characteristics that are helpful in delaying the onset of early senescence, and therefor we should be able to either modify the genetic structure of current cultivars and/or look for cultural practices that may relieve this problem.
Investigator(s)
Dr ZHANG, Jianhua (Department of Biology)
Duration
Starting Date - October 1996
Expected Completion Date - October 1999
Source(s) of Funding
Croucher Foundation
SCI 30
Physiological Basis for the Early Senescence of Wheat Plants during Grain-filling Period under Water-limited Culture
Recently rapid depletion of underground water resource in Northern China is forcing agriculture in this area to reduce irrigation so that water use can be sustainable. Early leaf senescence of wheat during grain-filling period is a problem encountered recently during our experiment to reduce irrigation. Wheat grain size of singleirrigated crop was greatly reduced as a result of early senescence. This project intends to screen for wheat genotypes that can sustain longer leaf life during grain-filling stage when irrigation is limited. This project is therefore of highly applied value to the water-saving cultivation of wheat in Northern China where most of the Chinese wheat is produced and where a water shortage crisis is approaching.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr ZHANG, Jianhua (Department of Biology)

131
Co-investigator(s)
Prof SU, Bao Lin (China Agricultural University, China)
Prof ZOU, Qi (Shandong Agricultural University, China)
Duration
Starting Date - May 1996
Expected Completion Date - May 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
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SCI 31
The Characterization of Active Defects in BaCl2/M2O3 (M = Nd, Gd or Er) Catalysts for the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane
The oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane (ODE) to ethene is a very important chemical process as ethene is the starting material for the production of valuable chemicals such as styrene, ethyl benzene, ethanol, acetaldehyde, vinyl acetate, etc. A catalyst is needed to facilitate the oxidative process at a relatively low temperature (<600°C). In the course of engineering good performance catalysts from rare earth oxides, the 30 mol%BaCl2-promoted Nd2O3, Gd2O3 and Er2O3 catalysts were found active, with performance increasing in the order : BaCl2/Er2O3 « BaCl2/Gd2O3 < BaCl2/Nd2O3. The question posed is why these catalysts, apparently so similar, should show such discrepancies in ODE performance? We suspect
that the answer lies in the nature of the defects generated in the BaCl2/M2O3 {M = Nd, Gd or Er) catalysts. Lattice defects such as O centres, trapped electrons and anion vacancies could be created due to ionic exchange or substitution. These defect sites are known to participate in O2 activation, a step critical for ethane selective oxidation. We hope to achieve high ethene yield at low reaction temperature by varying the BaCl, : W2O3 ratio.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr AU, Peter CT (Department of Chemistry)
Co-investigator(s)
Prof NG, Ching Fai (Faculty of Science)
Duration
Starting Date - October 1997
Expected Completion Date - September 1999
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmark Research Grant
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The Making and Characterization of Nanometer Er O and BaCl./Er O Catalysts for the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane.
The use of nanometer materials in the field of heterogeneous catalysis is a relatively new research area. Traditionally, catalysts of large-

132
size (> l00nm) are used for catalytic reactions. Reducing the size of catalyst material to nanometer (< 50 nm) dimensions can certainly result in certain effects, no matter they are unforeseen or expected. One can be certain, for example, to increase the surface area per unit mass of catalyst by reducing the particle size of the catalyst to nanometer size. One, however, cannot be sure what are the nature(s) of the active sites on/in these nanometer particles. In the course of producing good catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane (ODE) reaction, we have come across a very special catalyst, namely, the 30 mol%BaCl2/Er2O3 catalysts. It is special because in large size, it can produce C2H4 with selectivity as high as 87% at ca 620 °C. The corresponding C2H6 conversion is ca 20%, giving a C2H4 yield of ca 17% which is rather low. However, this catalyst poses as a good candidate for the study of the effect of nanometer particles. The specific surface area of the large-size catalyst is ca 1 m2 g'1 and we anticipate that once in nanometer dimensions, the area should increase approximately by about an order of magnitude. In this project, we plan to prepare this catalyst in nanometer size and to compare it with its large-size counterpart.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr AU, Peter CT (Department of Chemistry)
Co-investigator( s)
Prof NG, Ching Fai (Faculty of Science)
Duration
Starting Date - May 1998
Expected Completion Date - April 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SCI 33
Syngas Production in CH4/CO2 Reforming over La2NiO4-Zeolite Coupled Membrane Catalysts -the Tackling of the Coking Problem
It is highly desirable to convert carbon dioxide and methane, two very cheap carbon-containing materials, to valuable synthesis gas (syngas : CO + H J which can be used as feedstock for methanol, ammonia, and Fischer-Tropsch syntheses. To facilitate the transformation, numerous supported metal catalysts have been tested and the nickel-based as well as the supported precious metal (eg. Rh, Pt, Pd) catalysts have been found to exhibit promising catalytic results. From the commercial standpoint, it is more profitable to develop the nickel-based catalysts. However, most of the supported nickel catalysts are easily deactivated due to coking, a consequence of nickel sintering and carbon deposition. In this project, we proceed to employ a novel kind of nickel catalysts, viz. the La2NiO4-Zeolite coupled membrane catalysts to tackle this problem of coking. We plan to stabilize the nickel atoms in a La2NiO4 matrix and to use a zeolite membrane to achieve rapid separation of CO and H, from the reaction system. By so doing, we envisage that both the sintering of nickel and the deposition of carbon can be minimized or avoided.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr AU, Peter CT (Department of Chemistry)

133
Co-investigator( s)
Prof GAO, Li Zhen (Chengdu Institute of
Organic Chemistry/Chinese Academy of
Science, China)
Prof NG, Ching Fai (Faculty of Science)
Duration
Starting Date - October 1998
Expected Completion Date - September 2000
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmarked Research Grant
SCI 34
Theoretical Treatment of the Partial Oxidation of Methane to Syngas over Cobalt, Irdium, and Ruthenium
Methane is the main component of natural gas. Syngas (CO/HJ is the short form of "synthesis gas" which is used as feedstock for methanol, ammonia, and Fischer-Tropsch syntheses. In order to utilize sensibly the large gobal resource of natural gas, scientists have been studying the oxidative conversion of methane to syngas (OMS). Lately, a number of supported metals, namely Co, Ni, Rh, Ru, Ir, Pd, and Pt, have been found to be active catalysts for the reaction. We have previously performed theoretical calculations on the OMS reaction over cluster models of copper, rhodium, nickel, palladium, and platinum and obtained results which are compatible to experimental data. In this project, we want to extend our studies to cobalt, ruthenium, and iridium. The aim is to obtain a
better picture of the catalytic abilities of the Group VIII transition metals on the reaction. The dissociation of methane over the Ru, Co , and Ir metals as well as the activation energies concerned will be estimated. The combination and desorption of surface species, which are critical to the formation of syngas, will also be investigated. We shall use these theoretical results to verify the experimental data available in the literature and design experiments to utilize/prove any new theoretical implications developed in the course of the study.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr AU, Peter CT (Department of Chemistry)
Co-investigator(s)
Prof NG, Ching Fai (Faculty of Science)
Duration
Starting Date - October 1997 Completion Date - COMPLETED
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
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Chiral P-Sulfinylamines as Ligands for Enantioselective Addition of Diethylzinc to Benzaldehyde
Based on the two-step synthetic protocol developed in our laboratory, homochiral P-

134
sulfinylamines were prepared and characterized. Subsequently, their performance as new ligands for catalyzing enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde was evaluated. In most of cases under study, only marginal enantioselectivity of the addition reaction was observed. Our present findings indicated that bidentate ligands comprising a sulfinyl group and a basic nitrogen either in pyridine or pyrrole are not efficient in catalyzing the enantioselective addition.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Prof CHAN, Wing Hong (Department of
Chemistry)
Co-investigator( s)
Prof LEE, Albert WM (Department of Chemistry)
Duration
Starting Date - February 1997
Completion Date - COMPLETED
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty of Research Grant
SCI 36
New Synthetic Chiral Sultams as Practical Chiral Auxiliaries for Asymmetric Alkylations
Enantiomerically pure tricyclic sultams were synthesized from tricyclic sultones via a four-step reaction sequence, starting from prop- I-ene
1,3-sultone. Their uses as new chiral auxiliaries in asymmetric alkylations were investigated. Successive treatment of a variety of acysultams with NaHMDS and reactive alkyl halides, afforded a mixture of diastereomers of good to excellent diastereoselectivity. In most of the cases, the major diastereomers could be obtained after simple recrystallization. Via nondestructive cleavage by LiAlH,, homochiral pure alcohols were formed and the chiral auxiliary was recovered in good yield for reuse.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Prof CHAN, Wing Hong (Department of Chemistry)
Co-investigator(s)
Prof LEE, Albert WM (Department of Chemistry)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1998
Expected Completion Date - July 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty of Research Grant
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135
membrane containing the calixarene ester which is used as a host molecule, hydrogen ion-selective chromo-ionophore (ETH5294) and potassium tetrakis (4-chlorophenyl) borate (KTpCIPB) responds reversibly to a guest molecule which is generated in situ from an aldehyde and a Girard's type reagent P. The sensitivity of the optode can be modulated by changing the concentration of the calixarene ionophore in membranes and the pH value of the measuring solution. The proposed method shows a good correlation with the theoretically derived formula in the range from 4 x 1 O’5 to 2 x 1 O'5 mol I’1 butylaldehyde with error less than 6% and with a detection limit of 5 x 107 mol I1. Typical response time (t95) in the samples are 5 min.
Investigator(s)
Prof CHAN, Wing Hong (Department of Chemistry)
Duration
Starting Date - July 1997
Completion Date - COMPLETED
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmarked Research Grant
SCI 38
Optosensing of Cationic Surfactants Based on Host-Guest Chemistry
An optode membrane for cationic surfactants is presented. Plasticized poly(vinyl chloride)
(PVC) membranes incorporating the hexaester of calix[6]arene and the neutral H+-selective chromo-ionophore (ETH5294) have proved to be excellent reversible sensing devices for cationic surfactants as exemplified by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTMAB). Based on host-guest chemistry, the guest molecule CTMAB was extracted into the PVC membrane, forming a host-guest adduct with the host molecule calix[6]arene ionophore and causing a concomitant release of a proton from the protonated ETH5294 into the solution. Upon deprotonation, ETH5294 undergoes a color change which can be used as a means for the quantitation of CTMAB. Unlike small inorganic cations, such as K+ and Na+, the experimental results show that the membrane response depends to a great extent on the migration process of CTMAB from the bulk of the solution to the membrane interface. A modified theoretical equation describing the membrane response on the CTMAB concentrations has been derived and shown to be in conformity with the experimental results.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Prof CHAN, Wing Hong (Department of Chemistry)
Co-investigator( s)
Prof LEE, Albert WM (Department of Chemistry)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1997 Completion Date - COMPLETED
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmarked Research Grant

136
SCI 39
Water-alcohol Separation by Pervaporation Through Chemically Modified Poly(amidesulfonamide)s (PASAs)
Five N-alkylated derivatives of a poly(amidesulfonamide) polymerized from (V,W-bis-4-aminophenylfulfonyl 1,3-diaminopropane and isophthaloyl chloride were synthesized. The new polymeric materials were used to prepare nonporous symmetric membranes. The membranes were characterized by IR spectroscopy, sorption measurements and wide-angle X-ray diffraction. During the pervaporation of 10% aqueous solutions of methanol, ethanol, propan-l-ol and propan-2-ol, membranes made from the parent and modified PASAs were preferentially permeable to water and their separation factors were mainly dependent on the molecular weight of the permeant. By introducing an alkyl pending group to the backbone of the polymer, all modified membranes exhibited an enhancement in flux rate and a variation in separation factor in the pervaporation of aqueous alcohols. In the dehydration of ethanol, several modified membranes possessed separation characteristics as measured by the pervaporation separation index superior to that of the parent membrane.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Prof CHAN, Wing Hong (Department of Chemistry)
Co-investigator(s)
Prof NG, Ching Fai (Faculty of Science) Mrs LAM LEUNG, Suei Yee (Department of Chemistry)
Duration
Starting Date - October 1994 Completion Date - COMPLETED
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmarked Research Grant
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SCI 40
Development of Aspartameselective Optical Sensor
Aspartame is a widely used artificial sweetener in many low calorie (diet) foods and beverages. Determination of its concentration in foodstuff is important as aspartame is a relatively expensive material. It is also unstable in foodstuff after a long term of storage. The aim of this project is to design an optical sensing system for determination of aspartame in foodstuff. An aspartame-selective optode membrane is fabricated employing a bienzyme system composed of a-chymotrypsin and alcohol oxidase, and, an oxygen optical transducer consisted of a ruthenium(II) complex. Enzymatic reactions of aspartame will lead to depletion of oxygen concentration of the medium resulting in enhancement of the fluorescence intensity of the ruthenium(II) complex. The rate of change of fluorescence intensity is then related back to the concentration of aspartame in the sample.

137
Investigator(s)
Dr CHOI, Martin MF (Department of
Chemistry)
Duration
Starting Date - April 1997
Expected Completion Date - February 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SCI 41
Development of an Optosensor for Cholesterol Determination
The increased public awareness of dietary cholesterol in modern society is becoming important as high intake of cholesterol foodstuff has been accounted for the cause of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this project is to design an optical sensing system for determination of cholesterol in foodstuff and blood serum. An cholesterol-selective optode membrane is firstly fabricated by coimmobilization of two enzymes, i.e. cholesterol oxidase and cholesterol esterase, onto an oxygen-sensitive carboxylated PVC membrane which has been previously embedded with a fluorescent ruthenium complex. Enzymatic reactions of cholesterol will lead to depletion of peripheral oxygen content of this membrane resulting in enhancement of the fluorescence intensity of the ruthenium complex. The rate of change of fluorescence intensity is then related to the concentration of cholesterol in a sample.
Investigator(s)
Dr CHOI, Martin MF (Department of
Chemistry)
Duration
Starting Date - June 1997
Expected Completion Date - February 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SCI 42
Fabrication of Reverse-phase Optode Membrane for Dissolved Oxygen Sensing
The oxygen-sensitive reverse-phase optode membrane consisting tris(4,7-diphenyl-l,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium(II) ditetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)borate-adsorbed-silica gel embedded in a gelatin film is fabricated and used to continuously monitor dissolved oxygen in organic solvents. The optode membrane shows a very strong and stable pink emission when excited by blue light and it is efficiently quenched by molecular oxygen. The responses of the sensor display typical nonlinear Stern-Volmer plots when the dissolved concentrations in the organic solvents are at high levels. But the sensor is most sensitive at lower oxygen levels and is linear in the ranges 0-1.14 mM, 0-2.10 mM and 0-0.53 mM for dissolved oxygen in M^-dimethylformamide, acetone and toluene, respectively. The t95 response times of the sensor are 10 s on going from nitrogen-saturated toluene to air-saturated toluene and 22

138
s on going from air-saturated toluene to nitrogen-saturated toluene.
Investigator(s)
Dr CHOI, Martin MF (Department of Chemistry)
Duration
Starting Date - February 1998
Completion Date - COMPLETED
Source(s) of Funding
The Royal Society of Chemistry Research Fund
SCI 43
Synthesis of Optodes Based on Covalently Immobilized Dye to B-Cyclodextrin and Their Applications in Neutral Organic Molecules Determination
The aim of this project is to fabricate optode membranes for detection of neutral organic molecules with steroids as our model compounds. The detection mechanism is based on the host-guest complexation with subsequent induced colour change of a dye-modified P-cyclodextrin chemically bonded to a poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) substrate. 0-cyclodextrin is initially linked to a PVC membrane substrate and the pH indicator, methyl red, is subsequently attached to the wall of the 0-cyclodextrin to form an optode membrane. Under the acidic condition, the immobilized dye-modified 0-cyclodextrin optode membrane remains yellow
owing to binding of the methyl red group inside the cavity, thus protecting it from protonation. When a neutral organic guest (steroid) complexes with the 0-cyclodextrin and displaces the methyl red moiety from the cavity of 0-cyclodextrin, a colour change to red will be observed. The change of the absorbance monitored at 520 nm is then related to the concentration of steroid in a sample solution.
Investigator(s)
Dr CHOI, Martin MF (Department of Chemistry)
Duration
Starting Date - April 1998
Expected Completion Date - June 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SCI 44
Catalytic Decomposition of Freons by Solid Acids
The activity of a series of sulphated zirconiatitania catalysts were investigated for the hydrolysis of dichlorodifluoromethane and chlorodifluoromethane. The mixed oxides were prepared by the sol-gel method and then impregnated with sulphuric acid of different concentration. The major products for hydrolysis of dichlorodifluoromethane were carbon dioxide and hydrogen halides. XRD showed that the treatment with sulphuric acid promoted the formation of oxide with the

139
anatase structure. It was found that the sulphated mixed oxides exhibited higher activity compared to the parent mixed oxides. With the most active catalysts, 100% conversion of dichlorodifluoromethane can be achieved at 300°C and the conversion decreased only to 95% after 178 hours. With chlorodifluoromethane, complete conversion can be achieved at a lower temperature but carbon monoxide was formed in addition to carbon dioxide.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr LAI, Suk Yin (Department of Chemistry)
Co-investigator(s)
Prof NG, Ching Fai (Faculty of Science)
Duration
Starting Date - April 1998
Expected Completion Date - March 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SCI 45
Preparation and Characterization of the Ultra-Filtration Membrane Fabricated from the Co-Mixed Poly(amidesulfonamide)s (PASAs) and Commercially Available Polymers
The preliminary investigation of membranes fabricated from various newly synthesized poly(amidesulfulfonamide)s (PASAs) indicated that most of the studied PASAs polymers are useful materials for preparing good quality UF membranes. The objectives of this project are (a) to study the effects of four studied casting conditions, such as evaporation time, gelation period, temperature and medium used, on the UF performance(the pure water flux or retention ability of various macromolecules) of polysulfone(PS)/UF membranes fabricated from a solution of 15% w/w PS and 5% of LiBr in dimethylacetamide(DMAc);(b) to find the compatibilization of one selected PASAs polymer and PS blend in DMAc; (c)to prepare and characterize the UF membranes fabricated from a specific PASAs-PS blend.
Investigator(s)
Mrs LAM LEUNG, Suei Yee (Department of Chemistry)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1996 Completion Date - COMPLETED
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
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SCI 46
Preparation and Characterization of Ultrafiltration Membrane Fabricated from

140
Poly(amidesulfonamide)s (PASAs) and Their Possible Uses in Separation Process
Ultrafiltration(UF) technology has been widely used in improving the product qualities in pharmaceutical and food processing industries, in reducing production costs of various industrial processes by recovery useful materials from wastewater, and in pollution abatement of industrial waste. An ideal UF membrane is expected to have high filtration capacity and excellent power in separation. In this project, ultrafiltration membranes of several new PASAs polymers will be prepared by using the phase inversion method. The porosity, morphology, filtration capacity, fractionate capacity (ranging from 15 kDa to 150 kDa) of each fabricated membrane will be investigated. The optimized casting conditions for the fabrication of good quality UF membranes from seveal selected PASAs polymers will be searched by using the chemometrics method. In addition, possible applications of some high quality UF membranes in separation processes of various industries, especially pharmaceutical and food processing will be investigated.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Mrs LAM LEUNG, Suei Yee (Department of Chemistry)
Co-investigator(s)
Prof CHAN, Wing Hong (Department of Chemistry)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1997
Expected Completion Date - August 1999
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmarked Research Grant
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141
SCI 48
Novel Cyclic and Linear Acetylenic Sulfides, Sulfoxides and Sulfones. Preparation and Preliminary Characterization
A systematic approach to the preparation of sulfur containing linear or cyclic acetylenic structures is proposed. Some of these carbon-rich acetylene based scaffolding are expected to exhibit a variety of interesting structural, electronic, electrical (organic conductor) and optical (non-linear) properties. The linear acetylenic molecules of defined length in nanometer-sized structure could also serve as molecular wires in molecular electronic applications. These may open new avenues of fundamental and technological research at the interface between chemistry and materials science.
Investigator(s)
Prof LEE, Albert WM (Department of Chemistry)
Duration
Starting Date - October 1997
Expected Completion Date - September 1999
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmarked Research Grant
SCI 49
Solid Phase Organic Synthesis
Solid-phase synthesis has the advantages of simplicity and ease of operation. For example, excess reagent can be used to drive reactions to completion. By-products and excess reagent can be removed by a simple washing procedure. The polymer support with the attached growing product can stay in the same reaction pot without transferring during the whole reaction sequence. Moreover, the whole process can be automated and the related instrumentation is commercially available. A solid phase synthesis approach to symmetrical and unsymmetrical sulfoxides is explored. NMR and FTIR methods were employed to monitor the solid phase reactions.
Investigator(s)
Prof LEE, Albert WM (Department of Chemistry)
Duration
Starting Date - April 1998
Expected Completion Date - August 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
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SCI 50
Sampling and Analysis of Nitrated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban Air
Nitrated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (NPAHs) are widespread environment

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pollutants. A number of them have been proven to be mutagenic and carcinogenic and thus considerable effort has been spent in recent years on the development of analytical methods for their identification and quantification. In this project HPLC-fluorescence, GC-Negative Ion MS and derivalization-GC-ECD methods have been developed and compared. The latter two methods have been found to be suitable for routine air monitoring and have been used for the measurement of NPAHs in air samples collected in Hong Kong, Beijing and Shanghai. The total NPAH level in HK is lower in terms of mass per unit valve air but higher in terms of mass per unit weight of air particulates. This is consistent with the fact that the major source of NPAHs in Hong Kong is from diesel vehicle exhaust emission.
Investigator(s)
Dr LEE, Frank SC (Department of Chemistry)
Duration
Starting Date - July 1995
Expected Completion Date - February 1999
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmark Research Grant
SCI 51
Anionic Synthesis of Conductive
Polymers
Anionic polymerization, also known as 'living polymerization', is a powerful technique in the synthesis and engineering of macromolecular
structure. Stereoregular polymer with controlled molecular weight, polydispersity, architecture, and distribution of its chemical composition can be readily prepared using the anionic method. All these are important parameters affecting the physical properties of polymer or plastic. One interesting and novel material is phenyl vinyl sulfoxide (VSO) which can subsequently be converted to acetylene using thermal or chemical means. Our recent success in the synthesis of copolymers containing the VSO group has allowed us to prepare processable conducting polymers with controlled electrical properties. In this proposed study, we expand our synthetic scope to copolymer VSO with other types of monomers, such as esters of methacrylic acid, dimethyl siloxane, etc. A new series of VSO copolymers having various functionalities and geometrical configurations, eg. macrocyclic, linear, branched, or star-like, will be the result. Combining with a range of chemical modification methods, specialized copolymers with novel surface/interface, optical and electronic properties, interesting paracrystalline nanostructure can be formed or self-assembling Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film can be obtained. These novel copolymers have applications such as additive stablizers, blend compatibilizers, opto-electronics, microelectronics, sensors, switches, molecular wire, nanodevices, etc..
Investigator(s)
Dr LEUNG, Louis ML (Department of Chemistry)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1997
Expected Completion Date - August 1999
Sources(s) of Funding
UGC Earmarked Research Grant

143
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SCI 52
Chemical Processing and Electrical Properties of Interlayer Insulating Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Polymer Thin Films
In the manufacturing of electronic circuitries and components, the three essential constructing materials are : conductor, semiconductor and dielectric insulator. Due to the ease in processing and film forming capability, polymers have been regularly employed as the insulating material. One of the polymers that has been used extensively in state-of-the-art microelectronics design is polyimide. The polymer itself is not an ideal dielectric substance due to its high dielectric constant, hydroscopic nature as well as high cost and long term stability problems. One important commercial product, inorganic polymer, poly(organophosphazene) [-N=P(R)2-], however, is found to possess some of the more desirable parameters such as high thermal stability (over 500°C), high strength, excellent compatibility with other inorganic substrates, low cost and low dielectric constant, etc. One additional important feature of poly(organophosphazene) is that its physical and electrical properties are highly dependent on its molecular weight and the side groups' chemistry, thus enabling the inorganic polymer to be readily engineered to meet a wide range of specific requirements. In this study, a series of homo-and copolymers of poly(organophosphazene) will be prepared from the reactive poly(dichlorophosphazene) [-N=PC12-] and a range of nucleophilic reagents including alkoxidies, phenoxides, and amine compounds.
The physical and electrical properties of the polymers will then be measured and correlated to its molecular weight, side chain groups and existing theories. The processability of the resulting polymer will then be further enhanced by incorporating unsaturated acrylate monomer units onto the starting monomer or oligomer to enable the interlayer materials to become UV curable.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr LEUNG, Louis ML (Department of Chemistry)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr SO, Shu Kong (Department of Physics) Prof WONG, Rick WK (Department of
Chemistry)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1997
Expected Completion Date - August 2000
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmarked Research Grant
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SCI 53
Effects of Ionic Interaction on Polymer-polymer Compatibility
The purposes of this studies are: (1) Miscibility of ionic and nonionc polymer pair (limited to sulfonated polystyrene and ionic copolymers of methacrylic acid due to reduced funding); (2) Miscibility of ionic and ionic polymer pair

144
(limited to ionic derivatives of PS and PPO; also in collaboration with Academic Sinica, Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry); (3) Inhomogeneous distribution of ionic moiety (studies on ionic block type copolymers).
Investigator(s)
Dr LEUNG, Louis ML (Department of Chemistry)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1996 Completion Date - COMPLETED
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmarked Research Grant
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SCI 54
Polymer Thick Film Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Solid state Light-Emitting Diode (LED) is an important element in modern opto-electronics. The two main classes of commercially available electroluminescence (EL) devices are fabricated from inorganic materials. The Gallium compounds based semiconductor LED has its limitation in large area display. The shortcoming of the second class ZnS or phosphor based LED is on multicolor display and its high field requirement. Recently, an organic LED based on conductive polymers or organometallic dyes has gained attention from scientists and industrialists alike. Its advantages lie in the feasibility of building a low cost, flat, light weight large area display. However, there are
several obstacles to its commercialization. In comparison to its inorganic equivalent, the organic LED suffers from a relatively short device lifetime and similar complexity in the fabrication of a multicolour large area display. Our recent studies on organic LEDs have indicated a guest-host approach (in which the dyes are dispersed in a polymer matrix) can be used to achieve similar results. In addition, the polymer matrix can be modified either by its chemistry or using additives for enhancement on its overall thermal, electrical and barrier (resistance to oxygen and moisture) properties. The thick film (PTF) inks approach also allows the LED to be fabricated using the well-established screen-printing technique, thus simplifying its processing requirements. In this proposed study, the lifetime and stability of the organic LED in relationship to the glass transition temperature (Tg), thermal conductivity, electrical properties and barrier properties of the polymer matrix will be investigated. Improvement on the overall device efficiency will also be studied by employing light-sensitive polymers with a low excited emission wavelength. Formulation of screen-printable PTF inks with different emission colours will be developed.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr LEUNG, Louis ML (Department of Chemistry)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr SO, Shu Kong (Department of Physics)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1998
Expected Completion Date - August 2001

145
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmarked Research Grant
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Investigator(s)
Dr SHIU, Kwok Keung (Department of
Chemistry)
Duration
Starting Date - October 1995
Completion Date - COMPLETED
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmarked Research Grant
SCI 57
In-situ Infrared Studies and Electroanalytical Applications of Poly(aromatic amine) Films
This project aims to apply in-situ infrared and other electrochemical and microgravimetric techniques in the study of the mechanism of the electrochemical oxidation and electropolymerization of aromatic amine derivatives such as aniline and phenylenediamine. Characterization of polymer films obtained at different experimental conditions will be conducted and this will provide useful information about the molecular structures of the conducting polymer films and the electron transport mechanism in the polymer and across the interface of electrode/polymer/ electrolyte. Possible electroanalytical applications of these polymer modified electrodes will be explored.
Investigator(s)
Dr SHIU, Kwok Keung (Department of Chemistry)
Duration
Starting Date - March 1997 Completion Date - COMPLETED
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SCI 58
Preparation and Chemistry of Macrocyclic Polyphosphine Ligands
Synthetic routes for the preparation of macrocyclic polyphosphine ligands will be explored and developed. The ability of the macrocyclic ligands as complexing agents toward transition metals will be examined. The reactivity of the synthesized macrocyclic polyphosphine ligands and their complexes as a function of the electronic and steric factors of the substituents on the phosphorus donor atoms, and as a function of the size of the macrocycle rings will be investigated. The potential of the macrocyclic polyphosphine complexes as catalysts for chemical transformations will be evaluated.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Prof WONG, Rick WK (Department of Chemistry)
Co-investigator(s)
Prof EDWARDS, Peter G (Department of Chemistry University of Wales, UK)

147
Duration
Starting Date - November 1997
Expected Completion Date - October 1999
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmarked Research Grant
SCI 59
Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of Chiral Diamino-, Diamido- and Diimino-Diphosphine Transition Metal Complexes: Potential Catalysts for Asymmetric Syntheses
A series of chiral diamino-, diamido- and diimino-diphosphine ligands will be synthesized. The coordination behaviour of the ligands toward transition metals and the chemistry of the resultant complexes as a function of the electronic and steric effects of the substituents on the phsophorus and as a function of the nature of the chiral auxiliary backbones will be studied. The potential of these chiral transition metal complexes as catalysts for asymmetric transformations will be evaluated. The mechanisms of the catalytic processes will also be examined.
Investigator(s)
Prof WONG, Rick WK (Department of Chemistry)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1997
Expected Completion Date - August 2000
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmarked Research Grant
SCI 60
The Synthesis and Characterizations of Some Transition Metal-Dithiadiazolyl Radical Complexes: A Potential Molecular Ferromagnetic Material
The objectives of the project are : (a) to prepare a new class of transition metal complexes containing 7t-electron-rich phosphorus-nitrogen ligands; (b) to prepare a new class of transition metal complexes containing n-electron rich dithiadiazolyl ligands; and (c) to examine the structures and magnetic properties of these complexes.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Prof WONG, Rick WK (Department of Chemistry)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr SHIU, Kwok Keung (Department of Chemistry)
Dr KWONG, Daniel WJ (Department of Chemistry)

148
Duration
Starting Date - September 1994
Completion Date - COMPLETED
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmarked Research Grant
SCI 61
Synthesis and Reactivity of Cationic Lanthanide-Porphyrin Complexes: A Potential Catalyst for Alkene-Polymerization
The objectives of the project are : (a) to develop synthetic routes for the preparation of cationic lanthanide-porphyrin complexes; (b) to investigate the effect of electronic and steric properties of the porphyrin, and the effect of the counter anions on the reactivities of the cationic lanthanide-porphyrin complexes; and (c) to examine the potential of these cationic lanthanide-porphyrin complexes as active catalysts for olefin polymerization.
Investigator(s)
Prof WONG, Rick WK (Department of Chemistry)
Duration
Starting Date - November 1993 Completion Date - COMPLETED
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant UGC Earmarked Research Grant
SCI 62
Business Process Reengineering and Information Systems
This project continues the three on-going tasks: (1) the study of BPR - its theory and principles; (2) the study of BPR in its role in information development; and (3) the development of BPR design and evaluation tools to enhance success rates of BPR efforts. It further investigates the roles of information technology in BPR.
Investigator(s)
Dr CHAN, Stephen LC (Department of Computer Science)
Duration
Starting Date - March 1995
Completion Date - June 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
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SCI 63
Generic Expert Scheduling System
This project aims to develop a generic expert system shell for some real life applications in the scheduling domain. We expect to have theoretical results from our work on technical and practical issues. We have also expanded

149
our study into bin-packing problems.
Investigator(s)
Dr CHAN, Stephen LC (Department of
Computer Science)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1995
Expected Completion Date - June 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SCI 64
Support Vector Machine with Bayesian Learning for the Automatic Categorization of Text and Hypertext Documents
This project is motivated by the information explosion problem caused by the increasingly widespread use of information services made possible by the Internet. One of the most successful paradigms to organize such a large mass of information and to make it comprehensible to people is by categorizing the different documents. The goal of this project is to automate the otherwise tedious manual process of categorizing unstructured text and hypertext documents into subject categories. This will be based on a Bayesian learning framework on the support vector machine.
Investigator(s)
Dr KWOK, James T (Department of Computer Science)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1998
Expected Completion Date - September 2000
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
UGC Earmarked Research Grant
SCI 65
Design and Analysis of Evolutionary Algorithms for Hard Optimization and Search Problems
Optimization problems arise in almost every field of science, engineering and business. For many real-world optimization problems, the search space is large and complex and it is difficult to compute globally optimal solutions. Evolutionary Algorithm (EA) simulates the evolution of biological species to find optimal or close-to-optimal solutions to these hard optimization problems. It can be applied to a wide variety of hard optimization and search problems, but it often requires a long execution time. To overcome this shortcoming, we observe that we can treat EAs as a sequential experimental optimization method but the "experiments" in the existing EAs are mainly based on intuitive arguments and they do not fully utilize the available information. In this

150
project, we incorporate the sophisticated Experimental Design Methods (EDMs) into EAs in order to develop a more powerful and statistically-sound approach for hard optimization and search problems. We apply the proposed algorithms to solve some standard test problems and some real-world hard optimization problems.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr LEUNG, Yiu Wing (Department of Computer Science)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr ZHANG, Qingfu (Department of Computer, National University of Defence Technology, China)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1998
Expected Completion Date - December 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SCI 66
Design and Prototyping of a Visually-Guided Autonomous Robot with Applications to SelfNavigation and Operation in Hazardous Environments
We have developed a distributed-computation technique that can effectively detect important
features from digital images and in addition analyze the motion characteristics of some dynamic objects. This approach is not only efficient but also robust, and can readily be used in robot vision systems. Besides visual perception, we are also interested in the issue of how the robots can survive in an unstructured environment for which no specific mathematical model exits. We have proposed a discrete dynamic systems based representation for describing the behaviours of the robots in such situations, and most importantly, we have suggested an experience-based learning technique for the robots to gradually acquire their basic task-performing actions. The proposed approach has been experimentally validated in a laboratory setting. Once the robots have acquired a set of actions, the next important issue is how to come up with optimal decisions that allow the tasks to be accomplished most effectively. In tackling this problem, we have proposed and implemented a spatial reasoning formalism that draws upon a novel idea of task grammars. In addition to the above-mentioned results, we have also investigated some closely related problems, such as the cooperation and coordination among several robots.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr LIU, Jiming (Department of Computer Science)
Co-investigator( s)
Dr YUEN, Pong Chi (Department of Computer Science)
Dr NG, Joseph K (Department of Computer Science)
Duration
Starting Date - December 1995 Completion Date - May 1998

151
Source(s) of Funding
RGC Earmarked Research Grant
SCI 67
Emerging Group Behaviours in Autonomous Mobile Robots Based on Computational Models of Self-organization and Adaptation
The aim of this project is to empirically study the group behaviours of learning autonomous mobile robots with an emphasis on the mechanisms underlying the development of emergent group intelligence as well as their computational complexity. Through such a systematic study, we attempt to demonstrate the interrelationships between the autonomy of individual robots and their emerged global spatial properties. Several tasks have been accomplished that include (1) development and testing of computational mechanisms for sensory-motor behaviours of individual robots; (2) experimental study of the effects of local learning on the emergent global behaviour; (3) modelling and validating the dynamics of spatial pattern formation in cooperative robots; (4) design and development of an evolutionary process at the robot group level for emerging optimal group control behaviours; and (5) illustration of application examples on cooperative problem solving. As a result, the essential building blocks for the architecture of the autonomous mobile robots have been developed, consisting of the following essential components; namely, sensing capability,
primitive behaviours, and behavioral learning and selection mechanism (including action observation and evaluation mechanism).
Investigator(s)
Dr LIU, Jiming (Department of Computer Science)
Duration
Starting Date - April 1997
Completion Date - March 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
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SCI 68
A Preliminary Study of a Workflow Framework for Supporting Crisis Management in Virtual Collaborative Environments
This research investigates a novel application of workflow management technology, to coordinate and disseminate tasks and related information for Crisis Management Support Systems (CMSS). The ability of workflow technology to co-ordinate, monitor, organize and distribute specific tasks and associated information, in a timely and efficient manner, appears to make it an ideal tool for strategic crisis management within a virtual collaborative environment.
This project will first involve the investigation

152
of the design of a workflow framework based on world-wide web technology (WWW). This framework will then be used to design and develop a functional workflow system that can be used to support CMSS within a virtual collaborative environment - comprised of individuals, groups or even whole organizations geographically spread around the world.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr MAK, Hing Yin (Department of Computer Science)
Co-investigator(s)
Mr MALLARD, Andrew P (Department of Neurosurgery, Kwong Wah Hospital)
Duration
Starting Date - February 1998
Expected Completion Date - August 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SCI 69
An Adaptive Transmission Control for Transmitting MPEG-I Video over a Computer Network
The MPEG-I video compression scheme is expected to become the standard for multimedia applications and to occupy a significant portion of future network traffic. These multimedia
applications range from relatively low bandwidth applications, such as video phones and video conferencing, to higher bandwidth applications, such as interactive video on demand, to full-motion video. In order to support these applications, network designers need a strong understanding of the video traffic and its workload characteristics. The main objective of this project is to design a transmission scheme which supports transmitting MPEG-I video over a computer network so as to minimize the probability of the video stream failing to meet its timing constraints and guaranteeing application-to-application deadlines. The transmission scheme should also multiplex as many video streams as possible onto the network to make full use of the network bandwidth. In addition, the transmission scheme should be able to trade video quality for timeliness and degrade gracefully when asked to support more video streams on the network. We propose to adopt the imprecise scheduling technique in video transmission control. As a result, we expect that video transmission controlled by the proposed scheme will be more robust, peak bandwidth requirement will be reduced, and the image quality can be improved. In summary, the proposed transmission scheme is simple but effective and is expected to be utilized in multimedia communications.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr NG, Joseph K (Department of Computer Science)
Co-investigator(s)
Prof ZHAO, Wei (Department of Computer Science, Texas A&M, USA)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1997
Expected Completion Date - August 1999

153
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmarked Research Grant
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SCI 70
Connection Admission Control for Real-time Connections in an ATM Network
In our previous research, we developed an efficient and effective method to derive the worst case end-to-end delay in an ATM network for Real-Time applications. This method is well-received and is important for the connection admission control in an ATM network. For an ATM network, admitting a hard real-time connection requires the delays of cells belonging to the connection meeting their deadline without violating the guarantees already provided to connections that are currently active. Effective traffic arrival and service description plays a major role in such delay analysis. By innovatively utilizing the inverse of the arrival and service functions, we obtain an efficient and effective method to compute the worst case delay of a connection to an ATM switch. We found that our new method always obtains a higher admission probability and a better estimation of cell delay within an ATM switch. We then extend our model from a single ATM switch to cover a network of ATM switches -ATM network. We found that the performance of such an ATM network highly depends on the following factors: 1) the connection's priority assignments among the switches; 2) the traffic regulating parameters for each connection; 3) the network connection topology. Hence, in this
project, we will have a full investigation on these factors and identify which one is the dominating factor on the performance of an ATM network.
Investigator(s)
Dr NG, Joseph K (Department of Computer Science)
Duration
Starting Date - June 1998
Expected Completion Date - April 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
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SCI 71
End-to-end Delay Analysis on ATM Networks for Real-Time Applications
In this project, we intend to develop an efficient and effective method to derive the worst case end-to-end delay in an ATM network for Real-Time applications. For an ATM switch, admitting a hard real-time connection requires the delay of cells belonging to the connection meeting their deadline without violating the guarantees already provided to connections that are currently active. Effective traffic and service description plays a major role in delay analysis. Previous studies have shown that the real-time connection traffic and the available service can both be described by piece-wise linear functions in terms of time. These functions provide adequate information about the worst case traffic behaviour of connections as well as the

154
minimum service available for the transmission of cells in an ATM switch. By innovatively utilizing the inverse of the arrival and service functions, we obtain an efficient and effective method to compute the worst case delay of a connection to an ATM switch. We analyze and compare the performance of an ATM switch with priority driven and FIFO scheduling policies under different utilization. We found that our new method always obtains a higher admission probability and a better estimation of cell delay within an ATM switch. Hence, we want to take one step forward to extend our model from a single ATM switch to cover a network of ATM switches - ATM network. On the other hand, instead of using a two-piece linear function to describe the behaviour of the Real-Time applications, we will consider other forms of arrival functions in order to investigate the tradeoff between the complexity of traffic constraint function and the performance gain. Finally, priority assignment also makes a great impact on the delay of the ATM networks. In this project, we will also look into the priority assignment for the Real-time applications on an ATM network.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr NG, Joseph K (Department of Computer Science)
Co-investigator(s)
Prof ZHAO, Wei (Department of Computer Science, CityU)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1997 Expected Completion Date - July 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
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SCI 72
A Study of Transmission Control for Transmitting MPEG-I Video over an ATM Network
The MPEG video compression scheme is expected to become the standard for multimedia applications and to occupy a significant portion of future network traffic. In order to support these applications, network designers need a strong understanding of the video traffic and its workload characteristics. Furthermore, ATM networks are getting increasingly popular and they have become the standard for the Local Area Network (LAN) and Wide Area Networks (WAN). Thus, the main objective of this project is to develop a transmission scheme in supporting MPEG video transmission over an ATM network. Such a transmission scheme has to minimize the probability of the video stream failing to meet its timing constraints and to guarantee application-to-application deadlines. The transmission scheme should also multiplex as many video streams as possible onto the network to make full use of the network bandwidth. Moreover, a good transmission scheme should be able to trade video quality for timeliness and degrade gracefully when asked to support more video streams on the network. Because of this, we propose to adopt the imprecise scheduling technique in video transmission control. As a result, we expect that video transmission controlled by the proposed scheme will be more robust, peak bandwidth requirement will be reduced, and the video quality can be improved. In summary, the proposed transmission scheme is adaptive and

155
effective and is expected to be used in multimedia communications.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr NG, Joseph K (Department of Computer Science)
Co-investigator(s)
Prof ZHAO, Wei (Department of Computer Science, Texas A&M, USA)
Duration
Starting Date - March 1997
Completion Date - November 1997
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SCI 73
Analysis of Distribution of Information in Chinese Characters
Pattern recognition is one of the most fascinating areas of artificial intelligence with practical applications. Making computers see and recognize objects like humans has captured the attention of many scientists in different disciplines. Indeed, machine recognition of different patterns such as printed and handwritten characters, fingerprints, biomedical images, etc. has been intensively and extensively researched by scientists in different countries around the world. The area of pattern recognition, after over four decades of continued
development, is now definitely playing a very major role in advanced automation as we enter the 21st century.
Recognition of oriental languages including Chinese characters is one of the most significant subjects in the area of pattern recognition. It has many applications in multimedia, document processing, optical character recognition (OCR), office automation, electronic publication, etc. Chinese characters contain a lot of information which can be used to recognize different characters effectively. Thus, analysis of distribution of information of Chinese characters and extraction of such information play an important role in Chinese character recognition. This research project aims at developing effective methods to analyze the distribution of information of Chinese characters. This research project can also be applied to process Japanese Kanji, Korea Hangul, and other oriental languages.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr TANG, Yuan Yan (Department of Computer Science)
Co-investigator( s)
Dr LIU, Jiming (Department of Computer Science)
Dr LAM, Ernest CM (Department of Computer Science)
Dr HUANG, Chin Shih (Department of Computer Science)
Duration
Starting Date - March 1997 Completion Date - COMPLETED
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant

156
SCI 74
Automatic Processing of Chinese and English Business Documents
Millions of business transactions take place every day. Associated with them are documents such as bank cheques, tax forms, invoices, payment slips and other business documents which have to be processed. A great deal of time, effort and money will be saved if they can be entered into the computer and processed automatically. However, in spite of major advances in computer technology and intensive research efforts, the degree of automation in processing such documents is very limited and a lot of manual labour is still spent in this area. Thus, any techniques which can speed up the processing of such documents will make a significant contribution. Although building a general tool is probably still years away, as the first step, it is possible to develop a specific one to treat a specific type of document. Based on our previous research, the major characteristics of different types of documents have been studied carefully. Therefore, the specific properties of business documents can be identified and analyzed in the proposed research. According to these properties a specific system to process Chinese and English business documents will be developed, consisting four major parts:
(a)	Document image acquisition including scanning and binarization;
(b)	Extraction of geometric structure of the document;
(c)	Detection of pertinent information;
(d)	Character recognition.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr TANG, Yuan Yan (Department of Computer
Science)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr LEUNG, SC (Department of Computer Science)
Prof MA, Hong (Department of Mathematics, Sichuan University, China)
Duration
Starting Date - July 1996
Expected Completion Date - June 1999
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmarked Research Grant
SCI 75
A New Pattern Recognition Approach Based on Scheme of H(co) => MRA
The traditional wave transforms, such as the Fourior transform, are less than optimal representation for the features in pattern recognition. To contest such a deficiency, this research project will explore an evolutionary approach that applies a new mathematical theory - wavelet transform. The basic idea is described as follows: From a multiresolution analysis (MRA), the scaling function (p(x) can be derived, the transfer function H(«) and frequency response hk can be obtained further. Thus, a bank of filters will then be designed. This scheme can be symbolized by MRA => H(w). Unfortunately,

157
the MRA and  MRA. The complete theoretical analysis of this scheme will be investigated in this research project. As the applications of the scheme of H(w) => MRA to the field of pattern recognition including document processing, several practical experiments will also be studied in this investigation.
Investigator(s)
Dr TANG, Yuan Yan (Department of Computer Science)
Duration
Starting Date - July 1997 Completion Date - COMPLETED
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
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SCI 76
Eigenvalue Problems and Their Applications in the Investigation of Integrable Systems
Soliton equations are difficult infinite-dimensional integrable systems given by nonlinear partial differential equations, which
are associated with eigenvalue problems. In order to solve these equations, it would be important to reveal the inner relations between the finite-dimensional systems and the soliton equations. We will use the powerful technique called "nonlinearization of eigenvalue problems" or "Lax pairs" to investigate new finite-dimensional integrable systems. The Trace-formulas of various eigenvalue problems will be investigated and the integrability mechanism of the nonlinearized eigenvalue problems and its inner-structure will be discussed. A general and natural way to get the action-angle variables will be obtained through the nonlinearized technique; this can yield another approach for getting the explicit expressions of the finite-band solutions of the soliton equation.
Various computer techniques (symbolic computation, numerical computation, gaphic representation,....) will be used in the study.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Ms WU, Yong Tang (Department of Computer Science)
Co-investigator( s)
Prof CAO, Ce Wen (Department of Mathematics, Zheng Zhou University, China)
Duration
Starting Date - July 1997
Expected Completion Date - June 1999
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmarked Research Grant

158



SCI 77
Performance Evaluation between Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on Face Recognition
Research on human face recognition by machine has started 20 years ago and has become very active since 1990. Potential applications arising from this research area are various, including security access control system, content-based face image retrieval system, personal identification, and in the long run, seamless human-computer interaction. Currently, the most promising technique in face recognition is based on the mathematical theory of Principal Component Analysis (PCA), which has been adopted to face recognition by MIT media laboratory in 1990. However, PCA suffers from the limitations of being orientation-and-scale sensitive and error-prone when handling non-frontal-view face image.
In 1994, a generalization of the PCA theory, known as Independent Component Analysis (ICA) has been developed. Compared with PCA, ICA handles additional statistical information of a higher order, thus giving it potential to provide higher accuracy irrespective of the orientation and scale.
In the project, we are going to perform an indepth evaluation on applying ICA on human face recognition. We will compare the performance between ICA and PCA on face recognition in terms of accuracy and computation complexity, under different situations of orientation, scale,
facial expressions and degree of occlusion.
Investigator(s)
Dr YUEN, Pong Chi (Department of Computer
Science)
Duration
Starting Date - June 1998
Expected Completion Date - July 1999
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SCI 78
Coverage Processes and their Applications
The project aims at developing mathematically strict methods suitable for dealing with so-called coverage problems. The theory of coverage studies models for the phenomena in which one 'large' set is being covered by 'smaller' ones. One can imagine the surface of a cell which is attacked by viruses. The cell is still alive as long as its surface is not completely covered. Models for coverage are important in physics (e.g. crystallisations of metals and polymers), materials science (e.g. a large piece of material being destroyed by smaller defects), ecology (e.g. coverage of sea surface by oil spots or harmful discharges), geology (e.g. an oil reservoir investigated through smaller regions), urban studies (e.g. coverage of area of growing cities).
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr CHIU, Sung Nok (Department of Mathematics)

159
Co-investigator(s)
Prof MOLCHANOV, Ilya (Department of
Statistics, University of Glasgow, UK)
Duration
Starting Date - April 1998
Expected Completion Date - March 1999
Source(s) of Funding
UK/HK Joint Research Scheme
Duration
Starting Date - September 1997
Expected Completion Date - March 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant




SCI 79
Nonparametric Estimation of a Stochastic Model of Synaptic Transmission
The terminal of a neuronal axon at the neuromuscular junction has branches consisting of strands containing many randomly scattered sites. At a synapse an action potential triggers the release of neurotransmitter at these sites. Each quantum released is assumed to cause release of an inhibitory substance which diffuses along the terminal at a constant rate preventing further releases in the inhibited region. Measurements of time and location of release for each quantum of transmitter are possible. In this project we study a nonparametric estimation method for the growth rate and the intensity of the points at which neurotransmitter are released or would be released if the locations were not inhibited.
Investigator(s)
Dr CHIU, Sung Nok (Department of Mathematics)
SCI 80
Mathematical Methods for the Visualisation in Scientific Computing
The visualisation in scientific computing is a transformation from the scattered or structured data in scientific computing to the visible display on computer screen, TV or other media. The data in scientific computing, e.g. from finite element or finite difference methods, are discrete and usually have lower resolution. One needs to interpolate these data by a continuous function. The conventional method, such as B-spline interpolation, will lead to a linear system which is time-consuming in solving. In this project we propose a new triangular smooth interpolation by rational functions. Since the visualisation of 3-D objects is only on the 2-D screen, we also consider the construction of surfaces defined by an implicit form and some related mathematical problems in the theory of algebraic surfaces.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr CHU, Chuan I (Department of Mathematics)

160
Co-investigator(s)
Dr XUE, Weimin (Department of Mathematics)
Dr XU, Gualiang (Academia Sinica, Beijing, China)
Duration
Starting Date - March 1997
Completion Date - March 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
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SCI 81
Construction of Multivariate Distributions with Nonlinear
Dependence
In multivariate statistics, it is very important to construct a proper multivariate distribution for the data modelling. A multivariate distribution can be decomposed into two parts : marginal distributions and dependence structure. The copula is dependent on the dependence structure only and is an important tool for constructing multivariate distributions. In this project we explore the geometric properties of copulas. The local linear and local independent copulas will be studied. The dependence structures between two random variables can be more perfectly characterized by the local dependence measure introduced. Some new multivariate distributions will be obtained and some applications in real problems will also be discussed.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Prof FANG, Kai Tai (Department of
Mathematics)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr WEI, Gang (Department of Mathematics)
Duration
Starting Date - June 1998
Expected Completion Date - June 2000
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SCI 82
The Robustness and Efficiency of Experimental Designs for Complex System
A good experimental design should be efficient and robust. There are various designs for complex system. The uniform design is one such design. One of the advantages of the uniform designs is robust against the change of the model in some cases, but the uniform design may have less efficiency for many cases. In this project we concentrate on finding some new designs which have good robustness and efficiency. Some characteristics of the uniform designs and applications of the uniformity to the orthogonal design are given.

161
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Prof FANG, Kai Tai (Department of
Mathematics)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr HICKERNELL, Fred J (Department of
Mathematics)
Duration
Starting Date - July 1997
Expected Completion Date - June 2000
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmarked Research Grant
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SCI 83
The Generation and Application of Good Lattice Point Sequences
Quasi-Monte Carlo methods use deterministic (quasi-random) points instead of random points to obtain higher accuracy than Monte Carlo methods. There are two popular kinds of quasi-random points. Good lattice point sets and their generalization, integration lattices, yield high accuracy when used to approximate the high dimensional integrals of periodic functions. Their disadvantage is that the number of points must be fixed in advance. This project explores how to generate an infinite good lattice point sequence. This will eliminate one of the main disadvantages of good lattice point sets. Both the practical and theoretical problems will be addressed.
Investigator(s)
Dr HICKERNELL, Fred J (Department of Mathematics)
Duration
Starting Date - March 1997
Expected Completion Date - October 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
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SCI 84
Quasi-Monte Carlo Methods for Scientific Computing
Monte Carlo methods have been widely used to solve difficult integration, simulation and optimization problems. These methods are relatively straightforward and based on a sample of independent (pseudo-) random numbers. Unfortunately, the accuracy of Monte Carlo methods is rather low. To obtain higher accuracy several investigators have experimented with evenly distributed, deterministic points instead of random points. Algorithms based on this approach are called quasi-Monte Carlo methods. By way of comparison, the quadrature error for quasi-Monte Carlo methods is G(W1+€). Several theoretical and practical problems need to be solved for quasi-Monte Carlo methods to become more widely used. We propose to address these problems.

162
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr HICKERNELL, Fred J (Department of Mathematics)
Co-investigator( s)
Prof FANG, Kai Tai (Department of Mathematics)
Dr LIAO, Li Zhi (Department of Mathematics)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1997
Expected Completion Date - August 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
****************************** ******************************
SCI 85
Large Scale Numerical Modelling in Applied Sciences and Engineering
We propose to develop new numerical methods suitable for solving large scale problems in sciences and engineering. The equations which we will investigate mainly include various types of PDEs. The contents of our research will include: finite element method, regularization method, a-posteriori error analysis, domain decomposition method and parallel processing.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr HUANG, Hong Ci (Department of Mathematics)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr XUE, Weimin (Department of Mathematics) Mr ZHU, Zou Nong (Department of Mathematics)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1996
Expected Completion Date - September 1999
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmarked Research Grant HKBU Faculty Research Grant
****************************** ******************************
SCI 86
Coloring Problems in Graph Theory
This research is devoted to obtaining bounds or exact value of various types of chromatic value of different types of graphs. This includes chromatic number, chromatic index, total chromatic number and entire chromatic numbers. We shall also consider related problems such as list-coloring and arboricity.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr LAM, Peter CB (Department of Mathematics)
Co-in vestigator( s)
Dr SHIU, Wai Chee (Department of Mathematics)
Dr TONG, Chong Sze (Department of Mathematics)

163
Duration
Starting Date - March 1997
Expected Completion Date - August 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant UGC Earmarked Research Grant
SCI 87
Neural Networks for Optimization
In this project, we explore the neural network for some special classes of optimization problems. Our study involves the following three aspects: i) the establishment of neural networks; ii) the convergence and stability analysis for the proposed neural networks; and iii) the simulation of these neural networks. Our initial study has lead to some interesting and important results.
Investigator(s)
Dr LIAO, Li Zhi (Department of Mathematics)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1997
Expected Completion Date - August 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SCI 88
Smoothing Methods for Complementarity Problems
In this project, we focus our study on the following three types of problems, extended vertical linear complementarity problems, nonlinear complementarity problems, and vertical nonlinear complementarity problems. Based on some special transformations and aggregation functions, these problems can be approximated by some problems which are tractable mathematically. Strong theoretical results as well as promising numerical results have been obtained.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr LIAO, Li Zhi (Department of Mathematics)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr QI, Hou Duo (Institute of Computational Mathematics and Scientific/Engineering Computing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1997
Expected Completion Date - August 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant

164



SCI 89
Successive Methods for General Multiobjective Nonlinear Control in Discrete-time
In this project, we plan to extend the reach of multiobjective control by developing a successive method for general multiobjective nonlinear control in discrete-time. The expected contribution from the proposed project will be two-fold. Firstly, we will generalize the model in multiobjective control to a general class of nonlinear systems with an overall objective function of multiple performance indices. Secondly, we will develop an efficient successive method for the resulting general multiobjective non-linear control model.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr LIAO, Li Zhi (Department of Mathematics)
Co-investigator( s )
Dr LI, Duan (Department of Systems Engineering & Engineering Management, CUHK)
Duration
Starting Date - March 1998
Expected Completion Date - August 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant


SCI 90
Knot Invariants and New Quantum Field Theory
It is well known that Professor Witten derived knot invariants such as the Jones polynomial from quantum field theory based on the Chern-Simon Lagrangian. Professor Witten received the Fields medal for this important work. Inspired by Witten's work in this project we derive knot invariants from a new quantum field theory which has been recently developed by the investigator. Compared to Witten's work our approach will be simpler and more rigorous and we expect that new invariants of knots which extend the Jones polynomial might be derived from our approach.
Investigator(s)
Dr NG, Sze Kui (Department of Mathematics)
Duration
Starting Date - December 1996
Expected Completion Date - June 1999


SCI 91
Modelling Multiple Species and Dimensional Interdiffusion in Semiconductor Quantum Well
The disordering process is helpful to bandgap engineering. For lattice-matched InGaAs(P)/InP

QW structures, the disordering process is complicated since interdiffusion occur for both group III (In, Ga) and group V (As, P) atoms, and is determined by the diffusion environment. The diffused structure may or may not be lattice-matched to InP; therefore a strain-layer structure may result. Another consequence is that the atoms can go into three dimensions, thus affecting the properties of the QW structure particularly for strained materials. Both of these effects on the strained-layer DFQW materials need to be modelled for their application in optoelectronic devices. To model these multiple species and multiple dimensional interdiffusion process of strained-layer QW structures and to investigate the optical properties of the resulting DFQW structures is the aim of this project.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr SHIU, Wai Chee (Department of Mathematics)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr LI, Eddie Herbert (Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, HKU)
Dr MICALLEF, Joseph (Department of Microelectronics, University of Malta, Malta)
Duration
Starting Date - October 1996
Expected Completion Date - September 1998
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmarked Research Grant HKBU Faculty Research Grant
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166
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
****************************** ******************************
SCI 93
Iteration Method for Linear Elastic Problems with Singularities
The linear elastic equations govern the movement of the elastic materials under some assumption. For materials with reentry corners or cracks, the solution to the linear elastic equations is singular at the corners. In this project, we design an iteration method to solve the linear elastic problems with singularities by using the artificial boundary conditions. Numerical tests will be performed to test the effectiveness of the iteration method. This project is in the initial stage of designing the iteration method.
Investigator(s)
Dr WU, Xiaonan (Department of Mathematics)
Duration
Starting Date - May 1998
Expected Completion Date - April 2000
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
****************************** ******************************
SCI 94
Automatic Triangulation of 2-D Arbitrary Domain for Finite Element Method
This project attempts to develop a new algorithm which includes a second optimization procedure to automate the triangulation of arbitrary planar domains. As the first step, we developed a new genetic algorithm to reach the goal of this research project. The concepts of genetic algorithm, such as, cell, cell generation, hereditary, variability, virus and anti-virus, are introduced in the mesh smoothing process. Since the mesh quality has already been considered in the genetic generation, we design our optimisation algorithm based on the assumption that only the position of grids are decision variables. This makes the optimisation much simpler to be realized.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr XUE, Weimin (Department of Mathematics)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr LIAO, Li Zhi (Department of Mathematics)
Duration
Starting Date - February 1997 Completion Date - January 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant

167
SCI 95
Numerical Simulation of High Temperature Superconductor (HTSC) Film
This project aims at developing a numerical simulation of the high temperature superconductor (HTSC). The research work will be focused on the simplified 2-D time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau (TDGL) equation considering the anisotropic character, specially in normal direction of film. A new numerical method, the high accurate compact difference method is used for solving the TDGL equation. We will pay special attention to the influences of pinning on the physical models and numerical methods for HTSC film.
Investigator(s)
Dr XUE, Weimin (Department of Mathematics)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1997
Expected Completion Date - August 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
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SCI 96
In-Situ Particle Analysis of Marine Phytoplankton Using Imaging and Flow Cytometry -
Application in Species Identification, Concentration and Pollution Monitoring
Light scattering has been extensively used to determine the size of particles. This is evident by the diverse instruments available and variation in techniques published to date. Cyometry is one such technique that uses light scattering in flow cells for particle counting and size distribution measurements. It is a well-adopted technology in biology and medicine for studying living micro-organisms. All of these light scattering techniques, however, lack finesse in determining actual sizes of particles when their shapes deviate from ideal spheres. In all cases, only a rough estimation in size is possible. For living micro-organisms such as phytoplankton, the number of species is well over 100 and they vary in both size and shape. A more meaningful study would be the specie population as well as their concentration and biomass to be determined at the same time. Combining high speed imaging and spectral analysis of phytoplankton in a flow cytometer may be a positive development for specie identification. Knowing the actual species and their abundance in water would give a reliable indication of water quality and, hence, a pollution monitoring system.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr CHAN, Robert KY (Department of Physics)
Co-investigator(s)
Ms UN, Ka-man (Department of Physics)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1997
Expected Completion Date - September 1999

168
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SCI 97
Real-Time Ocean Optical Fibre Sensing of Phytoplankton for Studies in Size Distribution, Concentration and Biomass
Ocean optical instruments for studying sea surfaces are very demanding on state-of-the-art technology. This project is to develop an optical fibre cytometer for studying phytoplankton in the sea. In our scheme, we do not require an elaborate flow cell for streamlining flow and filtering. The system we are developing measures the size distribution and concentration of phytoplankton in its natural habitat. This is done by an optical sensing with sea water directly pumped into a large glass flow tube. This type of measurement has never been done before as existing field practice still relies on water sampling at different depths with sampling bottles which are then brought to a boat for analysis. The procedure for anaylsis is still very labour intensive; the samples need to be prepared and piped through a flow cell. The requirment of a flow cell in the analysis brings in problems with clogging and cleaning. If the samples are analysed quickly, there will be little change in the physiological state of the micro-organisms due to rapid changes in pressure and temperature. However, if the samples are not duly analysed, the micro-organisms may undergo physiological changes in colouration and size which will lead to errors in the measurement.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr CHAN, Robert KY (Department of Physics)
Co-investigator(s)
Ms UN, Ka-man (Department of Physics)
Duration
Starting Date - July 1995
Expected Completion Date - August 1999
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmarked Research Grant
SCI 98
Excited States of Silicon NanoStructure
The aim of this work is to study the luminescence process of silicon nano-structure, and in particular, how the excited electrons relax. In nano-structure, defect states such as surface state and interface state can act both as radiative recombination centres and non-radiative recombination centres. It is the aim of this project to use photoluminescence techniques to elucidate this excitation process and seek to understand the role of these surface/interface state.
Silicon nano-structure such as porous silicon, Si/SiO, superlattice are being used to investigate their excited states. Both selective excitation, temporal and thermal dependence of photoluminescence shall be investigated. From the results, we can deduce the luminescence mechanism of the silicon nano-structure.
Investigator(s)
Dr CHEAH, Kok Wai (Department of Physics)

169
Duration
Starting Date - July 1997
Expected Completion Date - June 1999
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmarked Research Grant
******************************
******************************
SCI 99
Diagnostic Study of Laser Ablated Plasma of Lucite and Graphite Targets for Depositing Diamond-Like Films
In this project, diamond like carbon (DLC) films are grown by laser ablation of graphite and Lucite targets with a XeCl laser. The systematic study is focused on monitoring the laser-ablated plasma plumes, its temperature, species, density and expanding velocity using optical probing techniques. The produced DLC films are characterized using SEM, STM and Raman spectroscopy, establishing the correlation between the process parameters (e.g., laser fluence, nature of ambient and partial pressure) and the film qualities. Relative to graphite, Lucite target results in higher and more constant growth rates as well as other advantages. This study will be helpful in revealing a more accurate understanding of the mechanisms, thus optimizing the deposition process and the DLC film characteristics.
Investigator(s)
Dr CHEN, Shu Chi (Department of Physics)
Duration
Starting Date - June 1995
Expected Completion Date - April 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SCI 100
Dynamics of Formation of Nanoscale Nitrides Using Laser Ablation Combined with Nitrogen Discharge
Atomic nitrogen is believed to be very important in the synthesis of nitrides due to its high chemical reactivity. However, in our previous work, the spectra of the plasma generated by the laser has revealed that the nitrogen ambient might not be effectively dissociated and excited during ablation and the synthesis reaction was therefore not favourable. Based on that finding, we propose to produce the atomic nitrogen using gas discharge technique, which would interact with the laser ablation plume. Both plasmas can be generated and controlled independently. When the two plasmas are synchronized and overlapped spatially, the synthesis of nitrides could be optimized. In preparing this proposal, we measured and analyzed the spectroscopy of the two plasmas. The preliminary results demonstrated that the scheme is workable. We believe that this proposed project will enable us to systematically investigate and develop the findings we have obtained, and gain better understanding of the mechanisms of the interaction of the two plasmas. This proposed

170
scheme may also be of universal significance for the synthesis of various kinds of nitride films and powders which are current hot topics due to their novel features and wide applications.
Investigator(s)
Dr CHEN, Shu Chi (Department of Physics)
Duration
Starting Date - August 1997
Expected Completion Date - June 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
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SCI 101
Quantitative Analysis of Sodium and Potassium in Single Human Erythrocytes Using Pulsed-Laser Vaporization in a Sheath Flow
A highly sensitive technique for ultra-micro analysis at the level of single biological cells will be developed. It is based on the spectrochemical analysis of the luminous plume produced by pulsed laser vaporization of the analyte in a sheath flow. As an immediate application, human red blood cells carried along in single file in the sheath flow will be intercepted by the tightly focused laser pulse. The spectral fingerprints will help determine the amount of sodium and potassium in the ablated cells.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Prof CHEUNG, Nai Ho (Department of Physics)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr CHEN, Shu Chi (Department of Physics)
Duration
Starting Date - August 1994
Completion Date - May 1998
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmarked Research Grant
SCI 102
Spectrochemical Analysis Using Emission from Laser-Induced Cold Plasmas
When a material target is ablated by an intense laser pulse, the plasma plume produced will emit spectral signals that reveal its chemical identity. An analytical probe can therefore be devised. Yet there is one major flaw. The intense heat required for plasma formation gives rise to a blinding white flash that transiently masks all analyte emissions. The bright flash can be avoided if the plasma is produced nonthermally. That was recently demonstrated when we ablated aqueous targets with VUV laser photons that efficiently photoionize the water molecules to form plasmas at temperatures ideal for analyte excitation. The signal-to-background ratio became much improved and the analytical limits of detection were thousands of times better. This may be applicable to other target forms as well.

171
We therefore propose to do laser ablative sampling of various solid and liquid targets, with the laser wavelength tuned to efficiently photoionize the abundant substrate/solvent species of the target material. The "cold" plasma so produced can be gently heated by controlling the power of the same ablation laser. We also plan to demonstrate that this "cold" laser probe can be applied to a broad range of targets for sensitive on-the-spot spectrochemical analysis.
Investigator(s)
Prof CHEUNG, Nai Ho (Department of Physics)
Duration
Starting Date - August 1997
Expected Completion Date - July 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SCI 103
Theoretical Studies in Commensurate-Incommensurate Phase Transitions
We study commensurate-incommensurate (CI) phase transitions via the Frenkel-Kontorova model. Its critical properties, dynamics, finite-temperature behaviour, and quantum extensions have been investigated.
Investigator(s)
Prof HU, Bambi (Department of Physics)
Duration
Starting Date - April 1997
Expected Completion Date - March 1999
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmarked Research Grant
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SCI 104
Determination of the Sp3/Sp2 Ratio of A-C:H by XPS and XAES
Diamond-like amorphous cabon films deposited using saddle-field glow-discharge decomposition of methane show remarkable properties, for example, very transparent to infrared-visible-ultraviolet radiation and resistant to wear. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray excited Auger electron spectroscopy were used to determine some of the properties of the films. By applying the chemical shift technique and curve fitting technique to the Cis peak in the X-ray photoelectron spectrum of the film, we were able to determine the sp3/sp2 bonding ratio of the films. The ratio from this method was in agreement (±1%) with that calculated from the X-ray, excited Auger electron spectrum of the same film. The method was also applied to a-C:H films doped with different impurities (boron and phosphorus). We found that the spVsp2 ratio of the film was dependent on the deposition parameters and on types of impurities and their concentration.

172
Investigator(s)
Dr LIM, Pui Kong (Department of Physics)
Duration
Starting Date - July 1997
Completion Date - June 1998
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SCI 105
Optical Properties of A-C:H Films
Absorption coefficent of a-C:H film was measured by means of photothermal deflection spectroscopy and transmission measurement. The absorption spectra of these films can be divided into a high absorption region and a low absorption region. The high absorption region can be interpreted with the help of the Taue model and an optical gap is obtained for the a-C:H film. The low absorption region can be analyzed in terms of the Urbach tail and yields information about the band tail of the material. The role that doping plays in modifying the absorption tail and the optical gap is also investigated. It is found that both the optical gap and the breath of the band tail decreased with the concentration of phosphorous and hydrogen. There is also a correlation between the band tail spread and the optical gap. The breath of the band tail increases with the optical gap.
Investigator(s)
Dr LIM, Pui Kong (Department of Physics)
Duration
Starting Date - May 1996 Completion Date - March 1998
SCI 106
Guest-Host Organic Electroluminescent Devices
The purpose of this proposal is to explore an alternative technique for producing stable organic light emitting diodes using the concept of guest-host electroluminescent systems. A guest-host system can be defined as one of more fluorescent materials (the guests) dispersed uniformly inside an optically (and even thermally) inert material (the host). The guesthost EL system can be prepared mixing a fluorescent material with an inert polymer. The advantages of the guest-host system are two fold. Firstly, because the guest organic luminescent material is now surrounded by the chemically inert polymer, reactions with moisture or with oxygen are minimized. Thus the guest molecules are now chemically protected. Secondly, because electrical conductivity in a guest-host system is largely determined by the electrical property of the host polymer, fluorescent organic molecules, which are insulating and cannot be used in OLEDs, can now be used in these kind of OLEDs.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr SO, Shu Kong (Department of Physics)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr LEUNG, Louis ML (Department of Physics)

173
Duration
Starting Date - June 1998
Expected Completion Date - June 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SCI 107
Organic Light Emitting Diodes I
The goal of this project is to investigate how light emitted diodes (LED) can be fabricated from organic materials. Unlike LEDs made from inorganic semiconductors, organic LEDs have great potential for future large-area light emitting displays with low turn-on voltages. Light production in organic materials are results of electron-hole pairs recombination with electron injection from the cathode and hole injection from the anode. The organic light emitter can be either low molecular weight materials or high molecular weight polymers. The general procedures for fabricating an organic LED consist of coating a thin organic film, the light emitter, on a transparent conducting material which acts as the anode, and evaporating onto the organic thin film a metal which acts as the anode. The outcome of this research will not only provide feasible methods for constructing organic LEDs but also valuable information for the optical and electrical properties of the light emitting organic materials.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr SO, Shu Kong (Department of Physics)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr LEUNG, Louis ML (Department of Physics)
Duration
Starting Date - February 1996
Expected Completion Date - August 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
UGC Earmarked Research Grant
SCI 108
Organic Light Emitting Diodes II
The goal of this project is to investigate how light emitted diodes (LED) can be fabricated from organic materials.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr SO, Shu Kong (Department of Physics)
Co-investigator( s)
Dr LEUNG, Louis ML (Department of Physics)
Duration
Starting Date - August 1996
Expected Completion Date - August 1999

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Source(s) of Funding HKBU Faculty Research Grant UGC Earmarked Research Grant
SCI 109
Magnetic Behaviour of Metal Oxides
This is a pilot program for an intended longterm collaboration between several research teams at Hong Kong Baptist University and the Imperial College (IC) on aspects of magnetism in thin films which are strongly influenced by surface morphology, and on magnetic, transport and microwave properties of metal oxides which are influenced by bulk disorder. Study of metal oxides has been a very active area of research in the past decade due to the discovery of high temperature superconductors (HTS) and colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) materials. Topics of collaboration include
1.	Identification of the morphology of CMR thin films and HTS films, crystals and bulk material.
2.	Establishment of realistic model of magnetic order and transport in the case of CMR or flux lattice formation in the HTS system.
3.	Design criteria for a sensitive comparison of model simulations and experimental data.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr TANG, Lei Han (Department of Physics)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr COHEN, LF (Department of Physics, Imperial College, UK)
Prof VVEDENSKY, DD (Department of Physics, Imperial College, UK)
Prof TIAN, GS (Department of Physics, Beijing University, China)
Duration
Starting Date - March 1998 Completion Date - June 1998
Source(s) of Funding
UK/HK Joint Research Scheme
SCI 110
Moving Flux-Lattice in Superconductors
Impurity pinning of quantised flux lines in Type-II superconductors is crucial for achieving large critical currents. In this project, a statistical mechanical description of the moving flux array under a weak disorder field is carried out. Quantities of interest include the velocity of the moving flux lattice as a function of the driving current and the strength of the pinning potential, and the degree of elastic deformations of the flux lattice. Simulations of the vortex array have been performed using two different particle models, and results are being compared with analytical predictions.
Investigator(s)
Dr TANG, Lei Han (Department of Physics)

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Duration
Starting Date - March 1997
Expected Completion Date - February 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant


SCI 111
Nanostructures and Dislocations in Strained-Layer Epitaxy
Using methods of statistical mechanics, we investigate the MBE growth of thin films and other surface structures such as nanometer-sized islands (known as quantum dots) in the presence of a lattice mismatch between the substrate and the grown material. In the past year, we focused mainly on the effect of strain on the diffusion kinetics of surface atoms, and on the role of a nonwetting energetics in 3D island growth. We have also continued our work on the coarsening of three-dimensional mound/pyramid structures in homoepitaxy with the Ehrlich-Schwoebel barrier. On-going research includes the two-dimensional to three-dimensional island transition induced by lattice misfit, and the nucleation and migration of misfit dislocations in strained-layer epitaxy.
Investigator(s)
Dr TANG, Lei Han (Department of Physics)
Duration
Starting Date - July 1997
Expected Completion Date - July 1999
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmarked Research Grant


SCI 112
Synchronised Oscillation in Spatially - Extended Nonlinear Dynamical Systems
Periodic motions are quite common in physics, chemistry, and biology. In some cases, global periodicity results from the oscillatory motion of its elements which are coupled to each other through a local rule. In the presence of nonlinearity, the theoretical explanation of the appearance of synchronised oscillation is quite challenging. Analogies have been made to orderdisorder transitions in equilibrium systems, with emphasis on the importance of slow modes. In this research we take the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation as a prototype model to investigate in detail similarities and differences between equilibrium and driven systems. In particular, we focus on the two-dimensional case, and study the behaviour of phase fluctuations and topological defects (vortices) in connection with the breaking of global synchronisation.
Investigator(s)
Dr TANG, Lei Han (Department of Physics)
Duration
Starting Date - June 1997
Expected Completion Date - February 1999

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Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SCI 113
Carbon-60
C60 powder was doped with oxygen, nitrogen and nitrogen monoxide respectively, under high pressure. Its order-disorder transition near 260K was studied with the help of thermal analysis, and correlated with dopant environment as revealed by nuclear magnetic resonance measurements performed in Nanjing Univeristy. Useful information has thus been obtained regarding the thermdynamics of the phase transition.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Prof TANG, Tong Bor (Department of Physics)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr GU, Ming (Department of Physics, Nanjing University, China)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1997
Expected Completion Date - August 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
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Superconducting Materials
Measurements made both during and after indentations by a hard and sharp object may yield a wealth of information relating to the material performance of a material. A series of experiments have thus been performed on single crystals of YBCO, using a diamond pyramid object, with both the material and the indentator cooled in liquid nitrogen. These experiments proceeded in Cambridge. It was intended to extend the measurements to nano-indentations with the use of an STM/AFM in Hong Kong, but was precluded due to permanent equipment failure.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Prof TANG, Tong Bor (Department of Physics)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr CHAUDHRI, MM (Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, UK)
Duration
Starting Date - May 1998
Expected Completion Date - August 1999
Source(s) of Funding
UK/HK Joint Research Scheme

SCI 116
The Characteristics of the Field Emitted by an Atom Embedded in Photonic Crystals
The characteristics of the field emitted by an atom which is embedded in a photonic band gap crystal will be studied. Analytical expression for the field will be given as one of the results of this proposal. Emphasis will be put on the localized field, which is a unique property of the field. The energy exchange between the localized field and the propagating field will be considered. The interference effects during the emission process will be discussed with an emphasis on the exchange of energy between the atom and the field emitted by the atom. The phase velocity and group velocity of the field will be derived. The comparsion between a field emitted by the atom in the vaccum and the field emitted by the same atom in a photonic crystal will be made.
Investigator(s)
Dr ZHU, Shi Yao (Department of Physics)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1997
Expected Completion Date - April 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant


SCI 117
Interference in Resonant Fluorescence and Cancellation of Spontaneous Emission in Three-Level and Four-Level Systems

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In this project, the role of quantum interference in the resonance fluorescence from V-type three-level atoms will be studied. Two spontaneous decay processes from the two upper levels give contribution to the resonance fluorescence. If the dipole moments between the two upper levels and the lower level are orthogonal, there is no interference between the two decay processes; the resonance fluorescence for this case has been studied. However if the two dipole moments are parallel (also anti-parallel) to each other, the two decay processes from the two upper levels are induced by the same vacuum modes, and consequently, the two decay processes strongly interfere with each other. It is, therefore, interesting to know what is the influence of the quantum interference on the spontaneous emission and the resonance fluorescence spectrum. In this project we will study the influence by making a comparison of the resonant fluorescence spectra in the two casess (parallel and orthogonal dipole moments). We will also design several experimental setups to demonstrate the quantum interference in resonance fluorescence.
In the above three-level systems, a coherent field is applied to drive the transition from the two upper levels to the lower level. If the coherent driving field is used to couple the two upperlevels with another level (instead of the lower level), the interference in the spontaneous emission from the two upper levels will be different. Initial calculations show that the interference might lead to a new phenomenon, cancellation of spontaneous emission. The cancellation of spontaneous emission is very useful in the generation of high frequency lasers. The cancellation means that the atoms can be trapped in the upper levels for quite a long time, compared with their life time. This trapping technique can be used to overcome the difficulty of populating the upper level in high frequency
lasers. We will study how the interference and the driving field leads to upper-level trapping and its application and how much population can be trapped in the upper levels and for how long.
Investigator(s)
Dr ZHU, Shi Yao (Department of Physics)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1996
Expected Completion Date - May 1999
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmarked Research Grant

Faculty
of
Social Sciences

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SOSC 1
Assessing College Impact and Developing an Empirical Typology of College Students: The Case of Hong Kong Baptist College
The major objectives of this three-year study based on Astin’s (1993) input-environmentoutcome (I-E-O) conceptual model are: (1) to develop an empirical typology of college students; (2) to ascertain the impact of various environmental characteristics and collegiate experiences (academic and non-academic) on students’ attitudes, values, aspirations, behaviour patterns, life goals, and career development; and (3) to assess changes in personality and selfconcept during college under varying environmental conditions. The findings will not only provide educators, students, and policy makers with a better basis for knowing how to achieve desired educational outcomes, but also contribute significantly to college student development theories and to the scant but wanting literature on this burgeoning field of study in Hong Kong.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr CHAN, Dennis WK (Department of Education Studies)
Co-investigator( s)
Dr WU, William YH (Department of Education Studies)
Dr HO, Eddie KW (Office of Student Affairs) Dr CHAN, Jack CK (Centre for Educational
Development)
Duration
Starting date - June 1994 Completion date - Completed
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant


SOSC 2
Humorous Literary Texts: Effects on Children’s Reading Motivation and Their Verbal Creativity
This study examines reading motivation and verbal creativity of children in relation to their teaching and learning of humorous literature. Humorous English readings (e.g. poems, stories, drama) will be introduced in the English lessons for the experimental group (but not the control group) of Primary 6 students for one term. The reading motivation and verbal creativity of the students being studied will be assessed before and after the experiment. It is hypothesized that the use of humorous literary texts will increase children’s reading motivation and their verbal creativity. Explanations of findings and implications for the educational setting in the English language learning for primary school children in Hong Kong will be proposed.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Ms CHIK, Pik Yuk (Department of Education Studies)

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Co-investigator(s)
Mrs WAN, Julia, WS (Department of English Language & Literature)
Prof LAU, Sing (Department of Education Studies)
Ms HUI, Anna NN (Centre for Child Development)
Duration
Starting Date - June 1998
Expected Completion Date - May 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SOSC 3
Relationships of Humor to Intelligence, Self-Concept, and Peer Relations
In this research, the roles of congruity and playfulness in affecting children’s self-rated and observed mirth responses were examined. Specifically, children were presented with pictures which were congruous or non-congruous in nature and in playful or non-playful condition. The intelligence and self-concept of the children were measured. Also, the sense of humour of children as rated by themselves, by their teachers, and by other adults were measured as well. Results showed that incongruity, but not playfulness, was significant in the production of humorous responses. On the whole, girls rated incongruous pictures to be funnier than boys did. No relation was found between humorous response and intelligence.
Observed humorous response related negatively to physical appearance, social and overall selfconcept. Children’s sense of humour was found to be related positively to their academic selfconcept, and to their peer relations in the sense of better social skills as rated by themselves, their teachers, and other adults.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Ms CHIK, Pik Yuk (Department of Education Studies)
Co-investigator(s)
Prof LAU, Sing (Department of Education Studies)
Duration
Starting Date - February 1997 Completion Date - Completed
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SOSC 4
Achievement Motivation, Academic Self-Concept, and Academic Achievement of Hong Kong Primary School Children
The study was to examine how students’ academic self-concept was influenced by their achievement motivation and academic achievement. A total of 709 primary school students from three schools took part in the

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study. Results showed that students’ academic self-concept was positively correlated with the two subscales of the Motivational Orientation Scale (task orientation and ego orientation) and the three attainment scores (Chinese, English and Mathematics). The English scores had the highest positive correlation with students’ academic self-concept among the three scores. Significant grade differences were found in academic self-concept, task orientation, ego orientation, Chinese scores, English scores and Mathematics scores. Significant sex differences were also found in academic self-concept, Chinese scores and English scores. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the three strongest and most significant predictors of students’ academic self-concept was their English scores, task orientation and ego orientation. Ego orientation became a more salient predictor of academic self-concept in higher grades (Grade 4 and 6).
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Prof LAU, Sing (Department of Education Studies)
Co-investigator(s)
Ms HUI, Anna NN (Centre for Child Development)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1996 Completion Date - Completed
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SOSC 5
Creativity of School Children: The Use of Wallach-Kogan Creativity Tests in Hong Kong
This research included a pilot study and a main norming study. The pilot study was to test out the Chinese version of the Wallach-Kogan Creativity Tests (WKCT) with a group of 500 primary (Primary Four to Six) and 700 secondary (Secondary One to Three) school students. Based on the pilot results, items from each of the five tests of the WKCT were selected for norming in the main study. The main study included a representative sample of 1,500 primary and secondary school students(from Primary One to Six, and Secondary One to Three). Results showed that there were no significant sex differences in the scores of the subscales (fluency, flexibility, uniqueness, and unusualness) of creativity in these children. However, grade-level differences were found. Percentile rank norms for each grade level were developed for various creativity indices. Both the actual norms (corresponding to raw scores) and smoothed norms (corresponding to transformed scores) were provided. The smoothed norms were recommended to be used since they took the whole data set into consideration and provided better estimates. On the whole, the reliability of the subscales of the WKCT provided local researchers, educators, and practitioners with a reliable instrument for research and assessment in creativity.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigators
Prof LAU, Sing (Department of Education Studies)

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Dr CHEUNG, Ping Chung (Department of Educational Psychology, CUHK)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr CHAN, David WO (Department of Educational Psychology, CUHK)
Dr WU, William YH (Department of Education Studies)
Miss KWONG, Jenny ML (Department of Education Studies)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1993
Completion Date - Completed
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmarked Research Grant
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
CUHK Research Grant
SOSC 6
Gender Role Development of Hong Kong Chinese Children: The Effect of Schematicity on Social Judgment
The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between children’s gender schematicity and inferences and judgments. Kindergarten, third grade and sixth grade Hong Kong Chinese children (n=196) were categorized into schematic and aschematic on the basis of their reaction times to gender stereotypic and counter-stereotypic items. The children were then asked to make several inferences and judgments about two male and
two female targets behaving gender stereotypically or counter-stereotypically. Inferences of femininity and masculinity evidenced a developmental pattern, such that older children relied on individuating information and younger children relied on the gender label. Gender schematicity was related more to the emotional-motivational judgments than to cognitive inferences and also dependent upon the age and gender of the children.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Prof LAU, Sing (Department of Education Studies)
Co-investigator(s)
Prof LOBEL, Thalma (Department of Psychology, Tel Aviv University, Israel)
Ms BAR-DAVID, Eva (Department of Psychology, Tel Aviv University, Israel)
Duration
Starting Date - July 1997
Expected Completion Date - September 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SOSC 7
Psychological Adjustment in the Development of Primary School Children: A Longitudinal and Follow-Up Study

184
The study aimed at examining the developmental trends in self-concept of Hong Kong primary school children. Two hundred and eleven children were followed from Primary 1 to Primary 5. Results of trend analysis showed that significant linear and downward trend was found in all self-concept domains except social domain. A significant quadratic trend was only obtained in the academic self-concept domain. Same results were found in both boys and girls. Regarding the inter-correlation of four selfconcept domains between time 1 and time 5, the highest correlation coefficients were found between general self-concept of time 1 and all self-concept domains in time 5.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Prof LAU, Sing (Department of Education Studies)
Co-investigator(s)
Ms CHIK, Pik Yuk (Department of Education Studies)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1994 Completion Date - Completed
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmarked Research Grant
SOSC 8
A Longitudinal Study of Family, Peer and School Influences on the Social Behavior of
Adolescents in Hong Kong
There are very few systematic and large-scale studies of the social behaviour of Chinese adolescents. To fill this gap of research, the project will be a longitudinal study of the development of social behaviour of 120 secondary school students in Hong Kong. There are three major objectives: (1) To conduct a longitudinal study to investigate the socialization processes of the Chinese adolescents. Factors affecting the development of prosocial behaviour, achievement motivation and life goal of the adolescents will be explored. (2) To use the data collected in this project to start the setting up of a permanent data base regarding the socialization processes and psycho-social development of the Chinese people. (3) To use the longitudinal data to develop a theoretical perspective on the social development and behaviour of the Chinese adolescents. One hundred and twenty students were interviewed (60 Form 1 students and 60 Form 3 students) in 1996 and again in 1998. Each interview took about one hour to complete. All the interview data were transcribed. Data analysis will be completed in July 1999.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Prof MA, Hing Keung (Department of Education Studies)
Co-investigator( s)
Prof SHEK, Daniel TL (Department of Social Work, CUHK)
Dr CHEUNG, Ping Chung (Department of Educational Psychology, CUHK)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1995
Expected Completion Date - August 1998

185
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmarked Research Grant
SOSC9
A Study of the Physical and Psychological Dimensions of Leisure among Hong Kong School Children
Leisure is essential to the physical and psychological development of individuals. Through leisure, people develop the necessary skills and appreciation to enhance their quality of life. While research has revealed the growing concerns of parents and educators on children’s overall physical and psychological well-being, there are inadequate understanding and insufficient channels in Hong Kong to enquire into and enhance these aspects of leisure development in school children. The present longitudinal project aims to study the leisure of Hong Kong school children from both physical and psychological aspects. It is designed to help schools in developing baseline information on students in within-school and out-of-school contexts. A package comprising of leisure activities participation, leisure attitudes, satisfaction and boredom as well as measurements of mental and physical health was developed and distributed to a sample of schools, which were stratified by the 16 districts of the territory according to the Education Department. Seminar and workshops were conducted to introduce the package, and to allow schools in trying the corresponding software, which served recording and statistical analysis functions. Data
collection is underway. Data solicited through the package will serve as the foundation for the development of a generic database for schoolbased application to capture, store, and retrieve individual student information longitudinally. It will further assist schools in monitoring their students’ physical health and psychological wellbeing. Results will be used also to identify norms and develop profiles across the territory of students’ physical and psychological health at different age groups.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr SIVAN, Atara (Department of Education Studies)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr FUNG, Alex CW (Department of Education Studies)
Prof RUSKIN, Hillel (The Cosell Centre for Physical Education, Leisure & Health Promotion, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel)
Dr FUNG, Lena (Hong Kong Sports Development Board)
Duration
Starting date - October 1996
Expected Completion date - September 1999
Source(s) of Funding
Research Grant Council
SOSC 10
Mother-Child Attachment and

186
the Use of Child Care Arrangement Involving a Domestic Helper
The first part of this project involved individual interviews with 24 working mothers of young children. The interviews examined their perception towards and choice of child care arrangements, the role of caregiving, and relationship with the child. Working mothers’ experiences of child care involving a foreign domestic helper was examined and compared to other modes of child care. Mother-child attachment was explored in the context of mother-child relationship along with related issues such as division of household tasks and satisfaction with the care arrangement. The second part of the project consisted of administering the Attachment Q-Set to 56 adults on their views toward ideal children. The goal was to examine in-depth the construct of attachment in the local socio-cultural context.
Investigator(s)
Dr TAM, Vicky CW (Department of Education
Studies)
Duration
Starting Date - June 1996
Completion Date - Completed
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
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SOSC 11
Stress and Resiliency of Chinese
Adolescent Immigrants in Hong Kong
This study examines the psychosocial adjustment of adolescent migrants from Mainland China, focusing on the comparison of stress and coping among migrant and local-born adolescents in Hong Kong. A pilot study on 159 junior secondary school students conducted in June 1998 shows that migrant youth were less stressed than their local-born peers and the former could cope with stress better. Insight is drawn to the main study, which will commence in September 1998, in identifying similarities and differences in stress and coping among migrant and local-born adolescents as well as factors predicting the outcome of the processes. This study will have implications for policy-making and for conceptual understanding of coping and resilience among Chinese adolescents.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr TAM, Vicky CW (Department of Education Studies)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr LAM, Rebecca SY (Department of Education Studies)
Duration
Starting Date - February 1998
Expected Completion Date - January 2000
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant

187
SOSC 12
Recent Developments in the Energy Economy of Hong Kong
The project consists of several aspects. The switching from oil to coal, and recently nuclear and natural gas generation by the power companies has a tremendous impact on the Hong Kong energy economy. Demand, supply and pricing of oil products is another important facet. The energy relations between China Mainland and the SAR, and competition in the household energy market are all being studied.
Investigator(s)
Dr CHOW, Chuen Ho (Department of Geography)
Duration
Starting Date - July 1997
Expected Completion Date - December 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant




SOSC 13
Built Form, Community Development, and Culture in Hong Kong and China
This study looks into the interactive relationship between urban design, community development,
and people’s cultural practices in Hong Kong and Chinese cities. Specifically, it addresses the following questions: (1) How has Chinese culture influenced the design, utilization, modification, and organization of the built space in urban areas? (2) As Hong Kong was subjected to British rule for over a century, cultural practices in Hong Kong have in many ways been Westernized. A most interesting question would thus be: In what ways has the infusion of Western values affected the cultural practices and, in turn, the built space in Hong Kong? How is Hong Kong, as a product of the fusion of Western and Chinese cultures, different from other cities in China and how is this cultural interaction reflected in the built environment of the city? (3) How can we make best use of our understandings of Chinese culture in urban design so that we can help generate and maintain better living environments in the city?
Investigator(s)
Dr CHOW, Chun Shing (Department of Geography)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1998
Expected Completion Date - December 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SOSC 14
China’s Regional Development: A Study of Spatial Transformation

188
This is a publication project. A total of 16 papers written by a team of distinguished international scholars will be included in the volume, which will be edited by the investigators and published by The Chinese University Press. The 16 papers to be included in the volume will be divided into five sections. These are, respectively, (1) introduction to regional development studies on China, (2) foreign investments and regional development, (3) regional development: the growth mechanisms re-examined, (4) urban responses, and (5) rural transformation. All the papers are products of meticulous empirical and theoretical research. In the investigators’s opinion they are all of very high quality. It is hoped that the present effort can add a major contribution to the study of China’s regional development.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Prof LI, Si Ming (Department of Geography)
Co-investigator( s)
Mr TANG, Wing Shing (Department of Geography)
Duration
Starting Date - June 1998
Expected Completion Date - June 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SOSC 15
Residential Relocation and Urban Restructuring under
Market Transition: A Comparative Study of Residential Mobility in Beijing and Guangzhou
The project examines the patterns of and factors underlying factors governing residential mobility and housing decisions in China, using both census data and information derived from large-scale sample surveys of households in the cities of Beijing and Guangzhou. Efforts are being made to relate the patterns of residential move to a set of socio-spatial variables, including the household’s life cycle, the position in the party echelon and the occupation ladder of both the head and the spouse, and the type of employment organization in which they work, the dwelling chararcteristics of both the present and the previous residence, neighbourhood characteristics and the residence’ relative location vis-a-vis that of the work place and the macro distribution of social and economic activities of the city at large. Geographical Information Systems techniques as well as more traditional statistical tools will be employed in the study. The research findings help depict the complex pattern of residential choice behaviour in a highly compartmentalized and yet rapidly changing market. As such the study will shed light on the nature of housing market segmentation in China, and provide a firmer ground for formulating policies that underscore the re-structuring of the urban space.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Prof LI, Si Ming (Department of Geography)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr SIU, Yat Ming (Department of Sociology)

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Duration
Starting Date - June 1997
Expected Completion Date - March 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant


SOSC 16
Sedimentology and Micropalaeontology of Diatomites of the Lampane Basin
The project involves a study of tertiary lacustrine faulted basins in Northern Thailand. These are dominated by clays and diatomites, which preserve a record of the palaeoenvironment of the period between 2 and 5 million years ago. Variations in diatom species are being used as indicators of former water chemistry and the diatoms are also being evaluated as to their potential use as biostratigraphic markers.
Investigator(s)
Dr OWEN, R Bernhart (Department of Geography)
Duration
Starting Date - October 1995
Completion Date - Completed
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
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SOSC 18
The Challenge of Sustainable Development in Taiwan in the 21st Century: The Perceptions of University Studies, Environmental Protection Officials, and Green Group Members
In 1994, the government of the Republic of China promulgated an Additional Article of the ROC Constitution urging governments at all levels to pursue policy of sustainable development. On the basis of this development trend, this project attempts: (1) to trace the evolution of environmental protection policy and to analyse the institutional settings in implementing environmental policies in Taiwan; (2) to investigate how the concept of sustainable development is perceived by university students, environmental protection officials and green group members; and (3) to envisage strategies to meet Taiwan’s sustainable development challenge in the 21st century.
Investigator(s)
Dr WONG, Koon Kwai (Department of Geography)
Duration
Starting Date - June 1996
Expected Completion date - December 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SOSC 19
Environmental Concerns and Sustainable Development: The State Policies and the Perceptions of University Studies in Beijing, China
Sustainable development requires the balancing of economic growth and environmental protection. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to scrutinize how government and its people perceived the nation’s environment and development predicament. The project attempts: (1) to trace the evolution of sustainable development policies in China; (2) to investigate how ideas of sustainable development are perceived by university students in Beijing; and (3) to make use of a comparable set of data collected in Taipei in 1996 to embark on a comparative analysis of the concept of ‘sustainability’ of university students between Beijing and Taipei.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr WONG, Koon Kwai (Department of Geography)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr GUO, Zhigang (Institute of Population Research, People’s University of China)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1998
Expected Completion Date - December 1998

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Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant


SOSC 20
Assessment of Weather and Human Mortality in Hong Kong
Analysis of mortality seasonality in Hong Kong from 1980 to 1994 is conducted using both regression and ANOVA. The impact of weather on mortality is also examined. Regression analysis is employed to determine which combination of weather elements will cause the greatest total and weather-related mortality. The result will provide better understanding about seasonal variations in mortality and the nature of weather-mortality association. They can be useful information for planning public health policies.
Investigator(s)
Dr YAN, Yuk Yee (Department of Geography)
Duration
Starting Date - March 1996
Expected Completion Date - December 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SOSC 21
Temperature Variability in Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
Temporal trend of temperature variations in Guangdong province from 1956 to present is examined. Variability in minimum, maximum and mean temperatures is investigated using the climatic departure index (CDI). Temperature data for twenty stations in Guangdong are obtained from the National Climatic Data Center. The results not only reveal the dregree to which temperatures vary over the past years, but also provide a better understanding of the peculiarities of climate at a regional scale.
Investigator(s)
Dr YAN, Yuk Yee (Department of Geography)
Duration
Starting Date - February 1997
Expected Completion Date - December 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SOSC 22
Re-examining the Current Interpretations and Level of China’s Urbanization

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Two unique aspects of China’s urbanization have perpetually presented a puzzle or mystery to both Chinese and western scholars and officials, which may mislead to misunderstanding and wrong policy-making in China’s urbanization. That is, (1) rapid industrialization in Mao’s period was achieved almost without cooccurring urbanization; and (2) rapid urbanization has been observed during Deng’s reform era but without knowing the real figure of urbanization level. This proposed project attempts (1) to explore the true mechanism underlying Mao’s urbanization process by reexamining current theories and interpretations; and (2) to reassess China’s urbanization level, by reconsidering both scholars’ and official ‘urban definitions’ and re-adjusting ‘urban population’ data. This newly constructed urbanization level, in a time-series, is expected to reach a closer fit with China’s reality.
Investigator(s)
Dr ZHAO, Simon XB (Department of Geography)
Duration
Starting Date - October 1996 Completion Date - Completed
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SOSC 23
Useability and Methodology of Remote Sensing and GIS for Wheat Crop Yield Prediction
This project is to develop methodologies for measuring wheat crop area and distribution, monitoring crop growth and condition, and predicting crop production using remote sensing and GIS technology.
The aim of the project is twofold. The first is to research suitability of different types of remotely sensed data for crop yield estimation and their expected operational accuracy. Airborne and satellite remote sensing will be tested against detailed ground survey to quantify the accuracy of crop area estimation produced by various types of remotely sensed data. Experiment will also be conducted to quantify the relationship between crop growth conditions and spectral responses detected by remote sensors.
The second aim is to develop techniques for incorporating remotely sensed data into wheat crop monitoring and yield prediction. Computational models, which are capable of integrating traditional agro-meteorological and statistical methods with remotely sensed data, will be developed. The currently used, traditional agro-meteorological and statistical methods will be analysed and expert knowledge will be extracted to form a knowledge base. The knowledge base will then be incorporated with information derived from remote sensing (e.g. crop area and growing condition) in a geographical information system so that objective yield prediction can be made.
Investigator(s)
Dr ZHOU, Qiming (Department of Geography)
Duration
Starting Date - March 1998
Expected Completion Date - July 1999

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Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SOSC 24
Western Philosophy in China, 1993-98. A Bibliography and Analysis
The project will collect all Chinese publications (books as well as articles) on Western philosophy in the People’s Republic of China between 1993 and 1997/8.
Since the 1980s, the intellectual development in the People’s Republic of China has experienced several far-reaching changes related to the opening up of the country towards the West. For the translation of Western books on philosophy, these changes have been so profound compared with the time after 1949 that it is no exaggeration to speak of a new period in the history of Chinese thought. The quantity of all the translations and Chinese studies on Western philosophy since the 1980s represents a phenomenal feat by Chinese intellectuals. The intensifying occupation with Western models of thought can perhaps be compared with the adoption of Buddhism in China. What consequences it will have in the long term cannot be estimated. It is necessary therefore to observe the process of adoption of Western philosophy. The project is a follow-up to previous studies by the chief investigator on the adoption of Western thought in China which covered the period 1987 to 1992.
Investigator(s)
Prof MEISSNER, Werner (Department of Government & International Studies)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1998
Expected Completion Date - July 1999
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmarked Research Grant
SOSC 25
China, the United States, and the Issue of Proliferation
This project aims to study the difficult relationship between China and the United States (US) on the issue of proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and related strategic materials in the post-Cold War era. National security is always the most important issue in the foreign policy agenda of US government. In the post-Cold War era, in order to limit the possibility of armed conflicts, US seeks cooperation from other powers in arms control. China rhetorically ripostes to such requests as hegemonic actions, but in essence has made a series of concessions to the US on non-proliferation. This study tries to examine the American strategies and to explain the Chinese reactions. Investigation is also directed to the unresolved issue, the Missile Technology Control Regime, an international agreement of which Beijing is not yet a member but US consistently seeks the adhesion of China.

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Investigator(s)
Dr TING, Wai (Department of Government & International Studies)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1998
Expected Completion Date - December 1999
Source(s) of Funding
Research Grant of Center of Asian Studies, Chu Hai College
SOSC 26
Collaborate Research on the Cooperation between the European Union (EU), the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and Hong Kong after 1997
The project aims at collaborative research about the political and economic relations between the Hong Kong SAR, the PRC, and the European Union. In addition to an analysis of the existing relations and a critical evaluation of various perspectives, the research examines some specific issues like the linkage between human rights and trade politics, the role of Hong Kong as a political-economic ‘bridge’ between the EU and PRC, and the political and economic constraints that obstruct further cooperation. A conference on ‘Hong Kong—the first 150 days after the return to the PRC: One Country, Two Systems?’ was held in Frankfurt on 6-7 November 1997, in collaboration with the State
Agency for Political Education of the State of Hessen, Germany.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigators
Dr TING, Wai (Department of Government & International Studies)
Prof SEIDELMANN, Reimund (Institute of Political Science, University of Giessen, Germany)
Co-investigator(s)
Mr YEUNG, Terence T (European Documentation Centre)
Dr LOTTER, Christopher (Institute of Political Science, University of Giessen, Germany)
Dr GU, Xuewu (Institute of Political Science, University of Freiburg, Germany)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1997
Expected Completion Date - December 1998
Source(s) of Funding
Germany/Hong Kong Joint Research Scheme
SOSC 27
Political Development of Hong Kong after the Chinese Resumption of Sovereignty
This project aims to examine the changing political environment of Hong Kong after it becomes part of China. The concept of ‘one country, two systems’ is put into practice. Despite the guarantees made by China regarding

195
a high degree of autonomy, the constitutional design as inscribed in the Basic Law starts to show its effects and problems. This study focuses on the relationship between China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), the Legislative Election of May 1998 and its aftermath, the difficult relationship between the legislature and executive organs, and the performance as well as governing style of the Chief Executive and the HKSAR government. The increasingly interventionist attitude and the unusually poor performance of the government is our major subject of concern.
Investigator(s)
Dr TING, Wai (Department of Government & International Studies)
Duration
Starting date - January 1998
Expected Completion Date - December 1999
SOSC 28
Macau in Transition: From Colony to Autonomous Region
This study aims to provide a critical analysis of Macau’s transformation from a Portuguese colony to a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China. It covers various aspects of this well-known gambling enclave during the transitional period. It explores in depth the political, economic and social factors that affect the transition. It also compares the similarities and differences of patterns of decolonization in Hong Kong, Macau, and ex-Portuguese colonies.
The study will use telephone interviews (a random sample of 600) to survey the attitudes of Macau residents towards the 1999 transition. The principal investigator (PI) will interview about 100 current and former legislators, members of City Council, government officials, and community leaders to investigate the elites’ attitudes towards transition as well as their attitudes towards political, economic, and social developments in post-1999 SAR. The PI, with the help of a research assistant, will collect relevant documents including official government documents and statistics, newspaper clippings from local press, as well as research reports and publications by scholars on Macau.
Investigator(s)
Dr YEE, Herbert S (Department of Government & International Studies)
Duration
Starting Date - March 1998
Expected Completion Date - August 1999
Sourse(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SOSC 29
The Business Elite and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
This project studies the role of the business elite in the policymaking of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) Government. The Hong Kong SAR Government is an executive-

196
led administration, which means that the Chief Executive and the Executive Council will direct the course of institutional development of the territory, as well as determine the political outlook of the governing body. A shipping tycoon, Chief Executive Tung Chee Hwa is representative of the business mentality. He is conservative, concerns the status quo, abhors radical changes, and prefers mediation to confrontation,. His first task after he won the election in December 1996 I was to consolidate the executive branch of the coming SAR Government. A little more than a month after his decisive victory, Tung announced the composition of the first SAR Executive Council. The SAR Executive Council consists of fifteen members, including Tung himself, and his team of advisors. Besides Tung, it has nine other members of business connections. Judging from its composition, the business elite play a significant role in the rule of Hong Kong. This project examines the policies of Tung and his advisors.
Investigator(s)
Dr CHU, Cindy YY (Department of History)
Duration
Starting Date - February 1998
Expected Completion Date - October 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
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SOSC 30
Hong Kong Business and Politics
This research looked at selected political developments in Hong Kong. The fundamental question was how Hong Kong’s political leadership became after 1 July 1997. In order to throw light on this question, the research focused on three aspects of Hong Kong politics. Firstly, it traced the events, debates, and controversies surrounding the selection of the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Secondly, it analysed the political outlook of the local business elite. It examined how their role in politics and societies had changed in recent years. Thirdly, it studied relations between the local business leaders and Beijing.
Investigator(s)
Dr CHU, Cindy YY (Department of History)
Duration
Starting Date - February 1997 Completion Date - Completed
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
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197
imperial China. Despite the fact that a small group of conservatives still held the extreme view that women should be strictly forbidden to read and write, more sympathetic or liberal opinion also existed, which as a result allowed more flexibility for women to develop their talent. Moreover, most women writers were, to a large extent, financially supported or patroned by individual male scholars in publishing their works. It is therefore the aim of the project to destruct the prevailing misleading conception of women’s literary activities and publications, and provide a true picture of their activities in Qing China.
Investigator(s)
Dr HO, Clara WC (Department of History)
Duration
Starting Date - July 1996 Completion Date - Completed
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
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SOSC 32
Gender Role Indoctrination: Evidences from Traditional Chinese Primers (Phase II)
This is continuation as well as an enlargement of my funded project entitled Gender Role Indoctrination: Evidences from Traditional Chinese Primers (Phase I), completed in March 1997. As I have focused my research on popular primers written in verse in the first phase, I shall
venture further into other types of primers in the second phase. Works less popular, or not written in verse will be carefully studied in order to get a more complete picture of gender role indoctrination in ancient China. New views on gender issues reflected in primers published in the late 19th and early 20th centuries will also be examined.
Investigator(s)
Dr HO, Clara WC (Department of History)
Duration
Starting Date - July 1997
Expected Completion Date - June 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
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198
a large number of academics and professionals.
This project will study the development, characteristics and contributions of the two institutes in Fuzhou and re-evaluate the part they played in the history of modern China.
Investigator(s)
Dr LEE, Kam Keung (Department of History)
Duration
Starting Date - August 1995
Expected Completion Date - December 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Short-term Overseas Development Grant
SOSC 34
Christian Revolutionary: Huang Naichang and the Revolutionary Movement in Late Qing (1895-1912)
Huang Naichang, a well-known Fujianese Christian of the late Qing period, had led an eventful life as a preacher, gentry, pioneer in Sibu, educator, newspaperman, reformer and revolutionary. This project examines the role played by Huang Naichang, a Christian revolutionary, in the revolutionary movement in Fujian during the late Qing period.
Investigator(s)
Dr LEE, Kam Keung (Department of History)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1998
Expected Completion Date - June 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SOSC 35
A Study of the Development of Christianity in Modern Taiwan through the Chinese Recorder
This project will study the origin and development of Christianity in modern Taiwan by using reports contained in the Chinese Recorder, a missionary journal published between 1867 and 1941, concerning presbyterian missionaries and their activities.
Investigator(s)
Dr LEE, Kam Keung (Department of History)
Duration
Starting Date - July 1997
Expected Completion Date - December 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant

199
SOSC 36
Social Darwinism in China Reexamined
The project aims at reexamining the transmission of social Darwinism to China at the turn of the 20th century and its omnipotent influence on modern Chinese political culture, striving to expose how an ideology of Victorian England that sought to justify unregulated industrialism facilitated the growth of nationalism, collectivism and anti-foreignism and suppressed the development of liberalism in modern China.
Investigator(s)
Dr MAK, Ricardo KS (Department of History)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1996
Expected Completion Date - February 2000
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant


SOSC 37
Bridging China and the West: New Perspectives on Liang Qichao (1873-1929)
A project under the ‘Western Thought in China’ Research Programme at the David C Lam
Institute for East-West Studies at the University. Though long hailed as one of the most influential disseminators of Western knowledge into China, Liang Qichao had often been criticized for his frequent change of views, his allegedly ‘superficial’ and ‘piecemeal’ knowledge of things Western and political conservatism. Examining some hitherto neglected sources of his knowledge of the West, it appears that Liang built his perception of Western culture on schools of thought dominant then in both Europe and Japan (where he built up his Western ‘scholarship’). The conflicts and contradictions in his advocacies reflected only competing alternatives offered in his sources. His goals had, in fact, been consistent.
Investigator(s)
Dr PAAU, Danny SL (Department of History)
Duration
Starting Date - August 1996
Expected Completion Date - December 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SOSC 38
Clio from the West: Eastern
Echoes of Western Historiography
A project under the ‘Western Thought in China’ Research Programme at the David C Lam Institute for East-West Studies of the University to examine the introduction of selected schools

200
of Western historiography introduced into China and their influences.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr PAAU, Danny SL (Department of History)
Co-investigator(s)
Prof CHEN, Qineng (Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, China)
Prof JIANG, Peng (Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, China)
Prof YU, Bei (Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, China)
Duration
Starting Date - August 1993
Expected Completion Date - August 1999
Source(s) of Funding
Conference support co-sponsored by HKBU, CUHK and the Hong Kong Modern Chinese History Society

SOSC 39
The Crisis of Nationalism in Modern China
A project under the ‘Western Thought of China’ Research Programme at the David C Lam Institute for East-West Studies of the University to examine the major manifestations of nationalism in China promoted by political and intellectual leaders since late Qing.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr PAAU, Danny SL (Department of History)
Co-investigator( s 丿
Dr CHAN, Sin Wai (Department of Translation, CUHK)
Dr CHOW, Kai Wing (Department of History) Dr LAM, Kai Yin (Department of History) Dr MAK, Ricardo KS (Department of History) Dr WONG, Yin Lee (Department of History) Dr YIP, Kwok Hung (Department of Education Studies)
Duration
Starting Date - October 1994
Expected Completion Date - December 2000
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grants
SOSC 40
Hong Kong's Return to China
Hong Kong's return to China had attracted much worry and comments from the international media and academic circles. The project finds that some of the most pressing problems which the Hong Kong Government should address urgently have, however, long been neglected by outside observers.
Investigator(s)
Dr PAAU, Danny SL (Department of History)

201
Duration
Starting Date - January 1990
Expected Completion Date - August 1998



SOSC 41
Passage towards Conflicts? A Study on Contemporary Sino-American Relations
China and the US formalized relations almost four decades after the establishment of the former, indicating serious differences and high potentials for conflicts. A ‘strategic partnership’ was proclaimed between the two powers in 1998 after a highly confrontational decade had reportedly almost brought them into military conflicts in 1996. This project seeks to study, behind such seemingly rosy appearance, whether some perennial problems have would continue to hamper the growth of friendlier relations between the two nations. This is another project in the LEWI-Sino-Western Relations Research Programme Series.
Investigator(s)
Dr PAAU, Danny SL (Department of History)
Duration
Starting Date - November 1995
Expected Completion Date - September 2001
****************************** ***^**************************
SOSC 42
Study on Taiwan
In the 1990s China will complete the reunification with Hong Kong and Macau. The future of Taiwan and the Mainland is, however, seemingly much more uncertain as separatism has already taken root in the island. This project seeks to monitor the development of Taiwan politics and international, particularly that of the United States of America, reactions towards independence towards the close of this century.
Investigator(s)
Dr PAAU, Danny SL (Department of History)
Duration
Starting Date - August 1989
Expected Completion Date - September 2000
****************************** ******************************
SOSC 43
Visions of Civilization: Images of Western Nations in Modern China
A project under the ‘Western Thought in China’ Research Programme at the David C Lam Institute for East-West Studies of the University. Chinese intellectuals and political leaders sought inspiration and national models from advanced Western states in modern times. Rival national images thus developed among them, reflecting

202
varied preoccupations and stresses in their search for national salvation at different key stages in modern Chinese history.
Investigator(s)
Dr PAAU, Danny SL (Department of History)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1989
Completion Date - March 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SOSC 44
The Papers of Robert Morrison
Robert Morrison was the first Protestant missionary to China, arriving in Canton in 1807. After a brief period of independent support, he began to work as a translator for the East India Company, a position which allowed him to live in Canton and Macau while continuing his missionary work, which centred upon translation of the Bible.
Despite restrictions placed upon learning the Chinese language, and the amount of time required to do the work for the East India Company, Morrison finished the translation of the complete Bible into Chinese within twelve years. In addition, he produced an English-Chinese dictionary, and a Chinese grammar book. While publishing a substantial number of other works, he carried on an extensive correspondence with correspondents as scattered
as Malaysia, India, France, the United Kindom, Germany, Italy and the United States.
The ultimate objective of this project is the publication of a scholarly edition of Morrison’s papers. Such a publication will provide a significant addition to the printed primary source materials available for the study of early Protestant Christian missions in China as well as for the study of Macau and China in the early years of the 19th century.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Prof STARR, J Barton (Department of History)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr CHUNG, Stephanie PY (Department of History)
Duration
Starting Date - 1989
Expected Completion Date - 2005
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grants UGC Earmarked Research Grants United Board for Christian Higher Education in Asia
SOSC 45
Term Question: A Pilot Project
This is a pilot project intending to provide a bibliography and archival research basis for a broader effort regarding to the events united with

203
the ‘Term Question.’ The larger collaborative project intends to investigate and prepare for publication a broad ranging study of the historical, religious, institutional, and philosophical dimensions of this very significant set of intellectual controversies in the history of Chinese Christianity, the so-called ‘Term Question.’ Originating in a search for the ‘exact Chinese rendering’ for the biblical terms referring to ‘God’ in Catholic and Protestant contexts, including the terms such as Tian, Tianzhu, Shangdi, Shen, and others, it developed into a more complicated lengthy set of controversies which have never before been comprehensively described and evaluated.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr WONG, Man Kong (Department of History)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr PFISTER, Lauren F (Department of Religion
& Philosophy, HKBU)
Prof EBER, Irene (Department of Asian Studies, University Jerusalem, Israel)
Prof LEONARD, Jane K (Department of History, University of Akron, USA)
Dr LOMANOV, Alexander (Institute of Oriental Studies, Russia)
Dr LAZICH, Michael (Department of History, State University of New York College at Buffalo, USA)
Dr ZETZSCHE, Jost (Translator, Elucidex Co., USA)
Duration
Starting Date - April 1998
Expected Completion Date - July 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SOSC 46
Timothy Richard (1847-1919) and the Chinese Reform Movement: A Critical Appraisal
This project applies the ‘Identification-Translation’ vantage point that Eugene Nida suggests in his Message and Mission to appraise the works and activities of Timothy Richard in China. Special attention will also be given to the unpublished papers from the Baptist Missionary Society archives, which are now available in microfilm in the Archives on the History of Christianity in China, HKBU. In doing so, this project may test the feasibility of using a cross-interdisciplinary approach to study the history of Christianity in China.
Investigator(s)
Dr WONG, Man Kong (Department of History)
Duration
Starting Date - February 1998
Expected Completion Date - January 1999
Source(s) of Funding HKBU Faculty Research Grant


SOSC 47
中國婦女傳記辭典（秦漢卷）
A Biographical Dictionary of

204
Chinese Women (Qin-Han Volume)
本研究計劃是由澳洲悉尼大學東亞研究學系 蕭虹敎授主持，本人乃其邀請編輯，主編古 代冊秦漢一卷，內涉及二百多位婦女，部分 傳記由本人撰寫，部分則邀請國內外百多位 專家介紹立傳。本辭典主要採用《左傳》、 《漢書》、《後漢書》、《列女傳》等史籍文 集的資料，盡量把所有傑出成就的秦漢婦 女，詳細考證，撰文輯入。本辭典的目的是 提供一本有價值的參考書，並為圖書館資料 部貢獻一部有參考價值的工具書。
Investigator(s)
Dr WONG, Yin Lee (Department of History)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1994 Completion Date - Completed
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SOSC 48
從清代婦女四家詞看清代婦女 思想地位的轉變
The Studies on the Change in the Ideology and Status of Qing's Women through the Work of Four Women Lyricists in the Qing Dynasty
本研究計劃分五個階段進行，首四個階段為 四篇獨立研究論文的撰述，分別闡述清代四 家女詞人—徐燦(1628?-1661?)、吳藻 (1796-1850)、顧太清(1799-1876)及呂碧城 (1883-1943)的生平思想及其作品內涵，最 後一篇為綜合性研究總論的報吿。主旨在於 從歷史發展方面觀察，紳入分析上述四位女 作家的作品背景與思想淵源及時代的互相關 係，繼而闡釋她們在思想上的差別與轉變， 以見出有清一代，中國婦女由持家處內的思 想邁向女權思想的心路歷程。
Investigator(s)
Dr WONG, Yin Lee (Department of History)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1994
Expected Completion Date - August 1998
Source(s) of Funding
UGC Earmarked Research Grant
SOSC 49
晉代(256-420)女子風範及其學 養管窺：中國婦女研究之一章 The Study on Women's Mannerism and Their Erudition in the Jin Dynasty (256-420): A Chapter in the Chinese Women Studies
本研究計劃主要從三十多名晉代婦女，包括 后妃、名媛、民婦等各階層的著作中，去了 解與建構晉代婦女的個人世界、社會世界•

205
特別是探索與彰顯她們的識見、德行、詳 操、膽色以及文學才華，政治意識等；更進 而對晉代的門閥制度下，婦女的敎育、思 想、文學的地位，乃至整個社會的實際風貌 有一新的論述，從而加深我們對中國婦女史 與婦女文學的認識。
Investigator(s)
Dr WONG, Yin Lee (Department of History)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1998
Expected Completion Date - December 2001
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SOSC 50
Application of Stress Management in Secondary School
The purpose of this study is to introduce stress management programme to secondary school students in Hong Kong. Stress management course was designed and proposed to be included in secondary school physical education curriculum. The programme consisted of lectures and relaxation training. The contents of the lectures are the followings: What is stress? Sources of stress, stress and illness, intrapersonal and interpersonal interventions. The relaxation training programme consisted of stretching exercises, deep abdominal breathing and progressive relaxation training. A trial teaching of the course was conducted for 22 Form 6
students at a secondary school. Examination and academic/school work are the major stressors for the students. Friends and classmates are their main support groups. Positive feedback were received from the physical education teachers and students on this stress management programme.
Investigator(s)
Dr CHEUNG, Siu Yin (Department of Physical Education)
Duration
Starting Date - July 1997
Expected Completion Date - July 1998
Source(s) of Funding
School-based Curriculum Project Scheme, Education Department
SOSC 51
Participation Motives of Hong Kong Inter-Schools Sports Competitions Athletes
The present study is designed to assess the participation motives of inter-schools sports competitions athletes in Hong Kong. The subjects were 674 athletes who took part at sports competitions in 1996. The age range was 6 to 20. Sports were gymnastics, volleyball, basketball, badminton, handball, swimming, and track and field. The participation motivation inventory (Gould, Feltz, Weiss, 1985) was administered. The five top participation motives were skill development, fun, team spirit,

excitement and affiliation-friendship. 2x3 ANOVA comparing each motives of males and females for the three different age groups were utilized. Males ranked significantly higher than females on the following motives: success, fitness, and others. There were significant mean differences on affiliation-friend, team spirit, affiliation-coach, success, fun, energy release, excitement and others among the three age groups.
Investigator(s)
Dr CHEUNG, Siu Yin (Department of Physical Education)
Duration
Starting Date - June 1996
Expected Completion Date - August 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant


SOSC 52
The Relationship between Physical Activities and Mental Health of Adolescent in Kong Kong and Beijing
The aim of this research is to investigate the difference in the physical activities pattern, participation motives, sources of stress and self-efficacy of adolescent in both Hong Kong and Beijing. Subjects of this study were 969 students (male = 468, female = 501) from Hong Kong and 1041 students (male = 506, female = 535)
from Beijing. The age range was 10-19. Two questionnaires were administrated to the students from November 1996 to May 1997. The first questionnaire was on physical activity pattern, motivation to participate in sports and sources of stress. The other questionnaire was the Physical Self-Efficacy Scale (Ryckman et al., 1982). Students in Hong Kong have significantly higher level of stress than those in Beijing. Examination, homework, and individual future were the top stressors for both groups. Females have higher level of stress than males in Beijing, while males have higher level of stress than females in Hong Kong. Nonexercisers have higher level of stress than exercisers. Ball games, track and field, and racquet sports are the top three most popular physical activities in Beijing, while ball games, racquet sports and swimming are the most popular one in Hong Kong. The top three sport participation motives for both groups are: like to participate in sports, improve health, and physical activities make me happy and have selfconfidence. The physical self-efficacy score for different age groups, gender, exercisers and nonexerciser are similar, while the physical self-efficacy score for Beijing adolescent is higher than those in Hong Kong.
Investigator(s)
Dr CHEUNG, Siu Yin (Department of Physical Education)
Ms DING, Xueqin (National Research Institute of Sports Science, China)
Duration
Starting Date - December 1996
Expected Completion Date - December 1998
Source(s) of Funding
Hong Kong Sports Development Board Research Fund
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SOSC 53
A Case Study of the Primary Schools Outdoor Education Camp in Hong Kong
This study aims to investigate the attitudes of the participants of the Outdoor Education Camp (OEC). A survey was designed to gather information about student views of the objectives of the OEC before and after the camp. Teachers’ attitudes of the OEC were also collected. Opinions from the camp staff were solicited through personal interviews about their perceptions of the OEC.
Investigator(s)
Dr CHOW, Bik Chu (Department of Physical Education)
Duration
Starting Date - March 1998
Expected Completion Date - June 1999
****************************** ****************************** SOSC 54
Elite Female Athletes’ Experiences: Retirement from Sport
This research aims to investigate the adjustment processes in the pre- and post-transition period of elite female athletes’ retirement from sport.
In-depth interviews with six retired elite female athletes were conducted. Six current elite female athletes would also be interviewed about their plans for life after retirement from sport. Analysis of data would involve comparison with the Schlossberg model (Schlossberg, 1981, 1984) for retirement transition.
Investigator(s)
Dr CHOW, Bik Chu (Department of Physical Education)
Duration
Starting Date - April 1998
Expected Completion Date - April 1999
Source(s) of Funding
Hong Kong Sports Development Board
SOSC 55
Normative Study on Upper Body Strength for Hong Kong School Children
Muscular strength and endurance is one of the primary components of health-related physical fitness, especially during growth period. Traditionally, pull-up and flexed arm-hang are the two most commonly used test items for the measurement of upper body strength and endurance. However, these two tests have often been criticized because of the observed relatively large percentages of zero scores, particularly among girls and younger boys. The research aims to establish a standard norm and an evaluation procedure to assess the upper body

208
muscular strength for Hong Kong children. The study consisted of three parts: Part I was the validation of the pull-up trainer utilizing the Hong Kong children as subjects; Part II was the establishment of standard evaluation procedures; Part III was the establishment of the pull-up kit for local schools.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr CHOW, Bik Chu (Department of Physical Education)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr LOUIE, Lobo HT (Department of Physical Education)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1998
Expected Completion Date - July 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SOSC 56
A Survey on the Hikers’ Motives and Environmental Awareness
The purpose of the study was to investigate the hikers’ motives in joining this particular outdoor activity. Furthermore, their attitudes on the environmental issues were also studied. Data from about three hundred subjects were gathered. Data collection on the environmental awareness component might involve a survey conducted on upper secondary students.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr CHOW, Bik Chu (Department of Physical
Education)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr LOUIE, Lobo HT (Department of Physical
Education)
Duration
Starting Date - March 1998
Expected Completion Date - December 1999
SOSC 57
Causal Attribution among Open League Basketball Tournament in Hong Kong
The study is designed to investigate differences of gender and competition results (win and lose) in causal attribution among Open League Basketball Tournament in Hong Kong. Totally 100 subjects (60 males and 60 females) from the 12 local grade A basketball teams (5 women’s and 5 men’s teams) will be involved in the study. The Causal Dimension Scale (CDS) developed by Russell (1982) will be used to measure subjects’ causal attribution. A Factorial MANOVA will be used to examine the differences of gender and competition results on each of the sub-scales of CDS. It is expected that the research findings will provide valuable information to the local basketball coaches on teaching strategies and coaching tactics in terms of motivation and self-regulation of athletes.

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Investigator(s)
Dr CHUNG, Pak Kwong (Department of
Physical Education)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1997
Expected Completion Date - December 1998
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SOSC 58
Effects of Physical Fitness Training on Physical Self-efficacy among University Students
There totally 100 students (50 males and 50 females) enrolled in the physical conditioning classes were selected for this study. The Physical Self-efficacy Scale (Ryekman et al., 1982) and physical fitness testing which include skinfold measurement, grip strength test, sit and reach test, curl-up test, 1 or 1.5 mile run tests and pushup test were conducted for the subjects at the beginning and the end of the classes. A multivariate repeated measures would be utilized to determine the changes of attitudes toward physical activity and levels of physical fitness between male and female students after they have taken physical fitness training in the conditioning classes.
Investigator(s)
Dr CHUNG, Pak Kwong (Department of Physical Education)
Duration
Starting Date - August 1997
Expected Completion Date - September 1998
SOSC 59
Learning Strategies of Students in Physical Education Class
Interest to study students' use of strategies for learning stems from the assumption that students are active agents for learning, and as such, an understanding of their maximized learning and performance would be desirable. In the learning of subject matters other than physical education, researchers had already begun to examine students' learning strategies as the mediator between teacher behaviour and student achievement. The present study aimed to obtain a profile of learning strategies used by students in physical education classes. The paper-pencil instrument used for assessing students' use of learning strategies was initially validated using 210 students between 11-12 years. Three hundred and twenty students aged between 13-14 years were subjects—164 of them specialized in physical education (8 classes/week) while the other 156 took physical education as an elective (2 classes/week). Through examining learning strategies used by students, it appeared that the selection of learning strategy was hinged on learner perceived value of the task to be learned—students specializing in PE employed deep learning strategies in compared to the surface learning strategies employed by regular students.

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Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Prof FU, Frank HK (Department of Physical
Education)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr FUNG, Lena (Hong Kong Sports Development Board)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1997
Completion Date - Completed
Source(s) of Funding
Dr Stephen Hui Research Centre for Physical Recreation and Wellness, HKBU
SOSC 60
Life Satisfaction among Elderly Persons: Identifying the Roles of Physical and Mental Activity Participation, Fitness Level, and Level of Cognitive Function
The direct and indirect effects of participation in physically active and mentally active pursuits on life satisfaction were investigated in 30 elderly people aged between 60 and 82 years. Fitness components such as strength, balance, and coordination were measured and the Figure Memory Task and Word Series Task were used to assess the cognitive function. Assuming that participation in physical activity influences a person fitness level and participation in mental activity influences the person level of cognitive
function, a Model was proposed to illustrate their relationships with life satisfaction. It was found that the correlations between physical activity and fitness level, and cognitive function and life satisfaction were significant (r=0.42 and 0.46 respectively). The contribution of these two factors in achieving successful aging should be further explored.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Prof FU, Frank HK (Department of Physical Education)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr FUNG, Lena (Hong Kong Sports Development Board)
Duration
Starting Date - May 1997
Completion Date - Completed
SOSC 61
A Longitudinal Study on Selected Physiological Characteristics of Chinese Swimmers
The effects of swim training on selected physiological characteristics on Chinese swimmers were investigated. Subjects were 10-12 years old males and females who swam a minimum of 2 hours per day, 7 days per week. Physiological data collected included height, weight, body width and circumference, vital capacity, strength, skinfolds, haemoglobin, urea

211
nitrogen, creatine kinase, glutamic pyruvic transmainase, glutamic oxaloacetic transmainase, and alkaline phosphatase.
The project would be conducted for an initial period of 4 years. Changes of various parameters would be closely monitored and significant trends and correlations would be identified.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Prof FU, Frank HK (Department of Physical Education)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr YAU, Chunying (National Research Institute of Sports Science, China)
Duration
Starting Date - May 1998
Expected Completion Date - June 2001
Source(s) of Funding
Dr Stephen Hui Research Centre on Physical Recreation and Wellness, HKBU
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SOSC 62
The Physical Fitness Assessment of Hong Kong People Using the Chinese Physical Fitness Testing Protocol (1996)
The Chinese Physical Fitness Testing Protocol (CPFTP, 1996) was administered to 100 females and 77 males during the months of June to
August 1997. It was found that the level of physical fitness of Hong Kong females aged 18-55 years was rated ‘average’ using the CPFTP norms. While the 18-40 years males seemed to have above ‘average’ physical fitness scores, the older group (46-55 years) was generally below ‘average’. Similar comparisons should be conducted in the future to have a better understanding of the physique of the residents of Hong Kong and the Mainland China.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Prof FU, Frank HK (Department of Physical Education)
Co-investigator(s)
Ms KWOK, Lanny PP (Department of Physical Education)
Mr TONG, Tom KK (Department of Physical Education)
Duration
Starting Date - May 1997 Completion Date - Completed
Source(s) of Funding
Dr Stephen Hui Research Centre for Physical Recreation and Wellness, HKBU


SOSC 63
Retiree’s Wellness and Volunteerism in Sport
For the past few years, pre-retirement workshops have been held by various agencies, suggesting

212
that people are aware of the possible impact of retirement on retirees. Studies aimed at identifying factors which contribute to successful retirement suggested that health and financial security were major determinants (George & Maddox, 1977; Soumrai & Avon, 1983). The present study would first assess the overall wellness of retirees and then identify factors which influence status of adjustment to retirement. The findings might provide useful information needed in future planning in health care and city planning. Sports professional have been marketing the idea that an active lifestyle and physical activity participation is beneficial for physical and mental health. This assumption would be tested on this population—the retirees.
Researchers indicated that volunteering work was beneficial to the elderly people in providing meaningful leisure activities and providing positive self-image (Hooyan & Kiyak, 1991; Swartz, 1978). The potential of using retirees as volunteers in sport activities would also be explored.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Prof FU, Frank HK (Department of Physical Education)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr CHEUNG, Siu Yin (Department of Physical Education)
Duration
Starting Date - May 1998
Expected Completion Date - November 1999
Source(s) of Funding
Hong Kong Sports Development Board
SOSC 64
The Wellbeing of Hong Kong People
The present study was conducted to provide information on selected physiological parameters and health/lifestyle patterns of Hong Kong Residents (N=887, 18-60 years). Similar and differences between the gender and the different age groups were identified. Significant trends in some aspects were noted and implications to future planning and programing were suggested.
The Hong Kong people have a relatively healthy but sedentary lifestyle and improvements can be achieved with targeted populations. To achieve the ultimate objective of improving the wellbeing of Hong Kong people—quality of life and in flow, we need to have the cooperation and collaboration of various stakeholders concerned as well as Government commitment and funding. This is another challenge we shall face in the 21 st century.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Prof FU, Frank HK (Department of Physical
Education)
Co-investigator( s 丿
Dr CHOW, Bik Chu (Department of Physical Education)
Dr CHUNG, Pak Kwong (Department of Physical Education)
Dr LOUIE, Lobo HT (Department of Physical Education)

213
Duration
Starting Date - May 1997
Expected Completion Date - November 1998
Source(s) of Funding
Hong Kong Sports Development Board
SOSC 65
The Young Men Christian Association and the Development of Physical Education and Christianity in China
The present project intends to examine limiting factors faced by the YMCA mvement in China before the founding of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) as well as those which might be present in the future. Before 1949, the YMCA movement in China received significant support and influence from the YMCA of the USA. With the founding of the PRC in 1949, the YMCA depended mainly on its own resources and therefore faces different challenges and limitations. The present study would focus on examining the work of the YMCA in such areas as Christian work and sport and recreation between the pre-1949 and post-1949 periods. By identifying past limiting factors in these areas, one can have a better understanding of the future role and possible challenges faced by the YMCA in China in the 21st century.
Investigator(s)
Prof FU, Frank HK (Department of Physical
Education)
Duration
Starting Date - April 1998
Expected Completion Date - June 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SOSC 66
Effect of Visual Skills Training Program on Elite Badminton Players
The purpose of this study will be to develop a test battery to assess visual skill specific to badminton and to determine the effect of a visual skills training program on players in the Hong Kong Squat Training Scheme. Subjects will be pre-tested and then randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Experimental group will be given six-week visual skills training program. Both groups will be posttested. The post-test data between the control and experimental groups will be compared through ANCOVA by using the SPSS Windows Program.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Ms LEUNG, Mee Lee (Department of Physical Education)

214
Co-investigator(s)
Dr CHUNG, Pak Kwong (Department of Physical Education)
Dr KLUKA, Darlene(Physical Education Department, Grambling State University, USA)
Duration
Starting Date - June 1997
Expected Completion Date - June 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SOSC 67
Establishment of Sports Injury Reporting System in Hong Kong
In the promotion of physical recreation and sport in the region, it is essential to identify the injuries patterns associated with various kinds of physical activities. This research project focused on injury patterns of university and secondary school students. It was the intention that through data collection, a sports injury reporting system would be established in Hong Kong, which could be applied to different settings. Based on findings, preventive measures were suggested to reduce the incidence of sports injuries in secondary schools and universities.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Ms LEUNG, Mee Lee (Department of Physical Education)
Co-investigator(s)
Prof FU, Frank HK (Department of Physical Education)
Mr LI, Chi Kei (Department of Physical Education)
Duration
Starting Date - July 1997
Expected Completion Date - October 1998
Source(s) of Funding
Hong Kong Sports Development Board
SOSC 68
To Assess the Validity of Accelerometry as a Measure of Habitual Physical Activity in Children
The purpose of the present study was to cross validate the use of HR, pedometry, and accelerometry for predicting the energy expenditure in Chinese children. Moreover, the best combinations among all predictor variables (Tritrac, Pedometer, HR, and Accelerometer) were investigated in the regression analysis. The present data were subsequently compared with the validity coefficients obtained by previous study with Western children as subjects. Twenty-one Chinese boys aged 8-10 (9.6 ± .5 )from a public primary school in Hong Kong, China were subjects in this study.
The testing protocol of Eston et al. (1998) was selected for validation purpose. It consisted of five testing phases, including two regulated and

215
three free activities. For regulated activities, the conventional electronic treadmill walking (4 and 6 km/h) and running (8 and 10 km/h) were employed. For children’s free activities, it consisted of catching a volleyball, hopsctoch, sitting and crayoning. The present results provide an overall reference of the validities of various activity monitors when implemented in Chinese children.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating investigator
Dr LOUIE, Lobo HT (Department of Physical Education)
Co-investigator(s)
Prof FU, Frank HK (Department of Physical Education)
Dr ESTON, Roger G (University of Wales)
Duration
Starting date - April 1997
Expected Completion date - December 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant


SOSC 69
A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Badminton Skill Tests
The present study attempted to utilize the confirmatory factor analysis approach to verify the factor structure of assessing badminton playing abilities. A three-factor model was initially hypothesized according to the
comments from a panel of experts. One hundred and two college students volunteered as subjects in the study. The goodness-of-fit tests indicated that the present data set generally agreed with the hypothesized model. Additionally, the smash test was excluded from the finalized factor ‘overhead strokes’ due to low reliability and factor loading. This study was able to statistically identify the skill tests essential to assess the general playing abilities in badminton, which will help the physical educators evaluate students in a more effective manner.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr LOUIE, Lobo HT (Department of Physical Education)
Co-investigator(s)
Mr LAM, Bill CB (Department of Physical Education)
Duration
Starting date - April 1997 Completion date - Completed
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SOSC 70
Heart Rate Patterns of the Recreational Golfers in Hong Kong Public Golf Course
The purpose of the study is to investigate the heart rate response of recreational golfers in

216
Hong Kong public golf course. The course was built in Kau Sai Chau, Sai Kung where the landscape is hilly. The course design requires golfers to walk up and downhill during the game. Exercise scientists always stress the importance of utilising heart rate as an indicator for workout intensity. The present study attempts to assess heart rate data from playing 18-holes from local recreational golfers. The results will enable the exercise scientists to have a comprehensive understanding about the intensity level of golfing in the newly built Hong Kong public course. It also provides essential physiological characteristics during the preparatory, concentration and decision-making, and action phases of the golf swing.
Investigator(s)
Dr LOUIE, Lobo HT (Department of Physical Education)
Duration
Starting date - April 1998
Expected Completion date - March 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SOSC 71
A Survey on Coaches’ Attitude toward the Doping Control in Hong Kong
The purpose of the study was to investigate the coaches’ attitude toward the doping control in Hong Kong. Doping control is required in most
international sport events. The sport doping control was started in 1992 in Hong Kong. Understanding the Hong Kong coaches’ attitude as well as their background knowledge concerning the doping control will help to better educate the athletes in a positive way.
Investigator(s)
Dr LOUIE, Lobo HT (Department of Physical Education)
Duration
Starting date - April 1997
Expected Completion date - March 1999




SOSC 72
The Use of Pedometer in Estimating Activity Level of Recreational Golfers
Golf has recently been found to be one of the most popular individual sports as shown by the statistical data of the Regional Council of Hong Kong. Nowadays, Hong Kong people have more opportunities to enjoy golf during leisure time. The purpose of the study is to investigate the activity patterns of the recreational golfers by using pedometers. The results will provide a better understanding of the amount of energy and physical characteristics required in recreational golfers. The variables in this study consist of walking steps, walking distance, energy expenditure, and number of strokes a golfer performed in a 18-hole course. Significant correlation was found between the caloric output and the number of strokes. The

217
idea of utilizing pedometers can contribute to the increase of awareness of being physically healthy to the recreational golfers. They can easily understand the amount of physical activity performed. Although there are some limitations in using pedometers to measure activity levels in golfers, however, an interesting finding was noticed between the player’s scores and their calories spent during a full game in the present study.
Investigator(s)
Dr LOUIE, Lobo HT (Department of Physical Education)
Duration
Starting date - July 1997
Completion date - Completed


SOSC 73
An Exploratory Study on Developing Mental Health Related Curriculum for High School Students in Hong Kong and Shanghai
The aim of this research is threefold: (1) to understand the self-esteem and mental health of the adolescents in Hong Kong and Shanghai; (2) to explore the role played by the adolescents themselves, their parents, teachers and friends in enhancing their self-esteem and mental health; (3) to explore the feasibility of including mental health contents and related materials in the existing curriculum and/or school systems in
Hong Kong and Shanghai. In this research, both quantitative and qualitative investigations are adopted. The results will shed light on the promotion of mental health for adolescents both in Hong Kong and the Mainland.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr CHAN, Kai Fong (Department of Social Work)
Co-investigator(s)
Prof WU, Duo (Research Centre, East China Normal University)
Dr NG, Petrus YN (Department of Social Work)
Mrs LEUNG, Mary (Baptist Oi Kwan Social Service)
Duration
Starting Date - February 1997
Expected Completion Date - July 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SOSC 74
Help-Seeking of Families in Tin Shui Wai
By looking at the help-seeking process of families with children and youth in two new housing estates (built within five years), we hope to understand (1) the kind of problems and perceived intensity faced by families in the local community; (2) to what extent the problems are

218
related to children and youth of the family; (3) who families turn to for help; (4) the helpseeking process with formal and informal resources; (5) how effective these formal and informal resources are in helping these families. This study proposes to survey a random sample of local households with a structured questionnaire and to hold two focused interview group sessions with mothers from the two participating centres. In households where there is child aged in the range of 10-19, in addition to the parent, a child will answer another questionnaire separately.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr CHIU, Marcus YL (Department of Social Work)
Co-investigator(s)
Mr TANG, Gary (Hong Kong Federation of Youth Group)
Duration
Starting Date - May 1998
Expected Completion Date - April 1999
Source(s) of Funding
Participating agency
SOSC 75
Pathway to Care of Chinese Orthopaedic Inpatient in Two District General Hospitals
Orthopedic or bone problems happen to be an
issue where Western and Chinese medicine crossed, but currently bone-setting was positioned ambiguously at the side line of traditional Chinese medicine. This study is to ascertain the help-seeking pathways to inpatients orthopaedic care and the decision for modern or traditional bone-setting service. It is hypothesized that considerable number of these inpatients had experience with bone-setting service before and there are diverse patterns of utilization of Chinese and Western Orthopaedic service. Results of this study will allow not only a general examination of the process of selfassessment, self-medication, and choice of alternative treatment, but also a clearer picture of how patients perceive, opt for and interpret their pattern of choice of mainstream and alternative forms of treatment.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr CHIU, Marcus YL (Department of Social Work)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr WONG, Victor CW (Department of Social Work)
Dr PUN, Kam Wah (Tuen Mun Hospital)
Dr CHEUNG, Hon Ming (United Christian Hospital)
Duration
Starting Date - September 1997 Completion Date - Completed
Source(s) of Funding
PolyU APSS Departmental Research Grant

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SOSC 76
A Comparative Study of Female Participants in the Labour Force of Export Processing Zones in China and Vietnam
Throughout Asia rapid economic growth has seen the proliferation of Export Processing Zones (EPZs)as a particular form of industrial development. As distinct sub-national sites linked directly to global networks of capital and trade, EPZs have had a tremendous impact on the nature of work and employment, creating a new transient workforce comprised mainly of young women. This workforce is transient in the sense that the growth of EPZs intersects with the cycle of rural-urban migration, where, after a brief period of employment in the Zones women workers return to their villages and communities. To date this process has been understood primarily in economic terms, with little consideration of wider social and cultural issues and problems. This study seeks to move beyond simply economic explanations by exploring the motives behind the search for employment, the ways in which their experience in EPZs reshapes their social identities and values, and the how they are able to deal with the disparity between their expectations and realities upon returning to their villages. This comparative study focused on women workers in EPZs in the ‘transitional’ economies of China and Vietnam. Based on this research, education and training programmes will be developed to facilitiate the reintegration of these women into their communities and to enhance their collective contribution to the social development for local communities.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Miss KWOK, Rita HY (Department of Social
Work)
Co-investigator( s)
Mr GREENFIELD, Gerard (Asian Monitor
Resource Centre)
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SOSC 77
Enhancing Integration of Theory and Practice in Social Work Education—Critical Incident Process with Simulated Clients or Simulation of Critical Incidents
The objectives of this project are to develop new teaching strategies and learning approaches to enhance the integration of theory and practice, and to bridge the gap between classroom teaching and fieldwork practice. These goals would be achieved through research and learning enhancing activities in three areas: (1) the teaching and learning of theories and practice will be put into indigenous situations through the use of critical-incidents; (2) students as well as supervisors will participate in reflective teaching and learning processes in order to enhance the quality of fieldwork education; (3) students will be actively involved in personal and professional development process so that

220
they will be more equipped with professional competence.
It is hoped that the outcome of this project will not only add knowledge to local social work education particularly in the local context but also produce teaching materials and resources for social work students, educators, and trainers of placement agencies in Hong Kong.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Miss LAI, Cecilia SY (Department of Social
Work)
Co-investigator( s)
Dr CHAN, Kai Fong (Department of Social Work)
Miss KWOK, Rita HY (Department of Social Work)
Duration
Starting date - April 1998
Expected completion date - April 2000
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SOSC 78
Determination of Poverty Line and Basic Rates of Social Assistance in Hong Kong
The study aims to examine the four major methods of determining poverty line and develop a set of policy criteria to select the most
appropriate method for Hong Kong. The selected method will be used to determine a poverty line level, using the data set from the 1996 Bi-Census of the Hong Kong Government Census and Statistics Department. And based on the poverty line, the basic rate of social assistance will be set for implementation.
Investigator(s)
Prof MOK, Henry TK (Department of Social Work)
Duration
Starting date - April 1998
Expected Completion Date - May 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant


SOSC 79
Health Insurance System Reform in PRC
The medical care has become the number one social concern in urban China. Due to rising cost of health care and poor quality of medical treatment, the Chinese Government has started health insurance system reform in cities. The study aims to identify the policy and administrative issues so that a better health care system could be established to provide quality service through the financing of an appropriate health insurance system.
Investigator(s)
Prof MOK, Henry TK (Department of Social Work)

221
Duration
Starting Date - July 1997
Expected Completion Date - August 1999
Source(s) of Funding
The Hong Kong Social Security Society
SOSC 80
Need Assessment for Vocational Training of Secondary School Students: A Case Study of Sai Kung District of Hong Kong
The study aims at constructing a computer software to determine the career orientation of Form 5 school graduates and their need for vocational training. The design was based on the job classification from the collection of job advertisement in August 1997 and the psychological scale of career orientation. The outcome was a very handy software with 32 statements of orientation and sets of associated vocational needs, which requires less than 5 minutes of testing.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Prof MOK, Henry TK (Department of Social Work)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr CHEUNG, Fernando (Department of Applied Social Studies, PolyU)
Duration
Starting Date - July 1997
Completion Date - Completed
Source(s) of Funding
Sai Kung District Board and Civil Affairs
Bureau
SOSC 81
Social Assistance Legislation in PRC
The research objective is to examine various approaches of establishing the Social Assistance Legislation in PRC. It requires an in-depth study of social assistance system in other countries in the context of contributory social insurance schemes. In proposing the directions of social assistance legislation in PRC, the regulations are to be set in the socio-cultural and economic context of urban China. Various administrative mechanism are also set in place to supplement the payment system of social assistance.
Investigator(s)
Prof MOK, Henry TK (Department of Social Work)
Duration
Starting date - September 1996
Completion date - Completed
Source(s) of Funding
World Bank

222
SOSC 82
Work and Psychiatric Rehabilitation
Work has been given a positive meaning with the Protestant Christianity and is regarded as a means towards spiritual salvation and to serve God. In psychiatric rehabilitation, work has been taken for granted as an effective means for rehabilitation in the hospitals as well as in the community based rehabilitation programmes. What is the significance of work in the form of employment to the rehabilitation of people with mental illness? What are the factors that affecting the employability of these people? This study explores the difficulties that deter persons with mental illness to work in the labour market.
Investigator(s)
Dr NG, Petrus YN (Department of Social Work)
Duration
Starting Date - August 1994 Completion Date - Completed
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SOSC 83
Mutual Expectation of Parents and Their Children in Three Countries: The UK, PRC and
Hong Kong
The study aims to (1) examine the position of the three countries on the individualism and collectivism continua at this point in time, and (2) research into parents’ and children’s expectations of each other in the three closely linked cultures taking into consideration their unique socioeconomic and political context. The study takes the form of semi-structured interviews with 20 parent-child pairs in each country. The results should help develop specific value lists of children and parents for each country. Moreover, the project may enable better theorizing of the individualism and collectivism continua. Data collected could form the baseline for future comparative studies.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Miss TSUN, Angela OK (Department of Social Work)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr CHAN, Kai Fong (Department of Social Work)
Duration
Starting date - April 1997
Expected Completion date - December 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SOSC 84
Physically Abusing Mothers’

223
Perception of Child Behavior and Its Relationship to Child Abuse
There has been a significant increase in the total number of child abuse cases reported nationwide and locally to child protective services. Researchers have carried out a great number of studies to understand this social problem. In Hong Kong, study on child abuse is at its infancy. This qualitative study of 20 abusing mothers and 10 controls aims at comparing physically abusing mothers’ perception of their abused children’s misbehaviour to those of control mothers. The data collection method includes semi-structured interviews with the mothers. The findings may provide a framework for viewing child abuse in Hong Kong. The results can also stimulate alternative intervention and prevention strategies on child physical abuse.
Investigator(s)
Miss TSUN, Angela OK (Department of Social Work)
Duration
Starting date - March 1996
Completion date - Completed
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SOSC 85
The Perception of Social
Audience towards Marginal Youth in Hong Kong
The study explores the perceptions and stereotypes of social audience towards the young people who are known to be or have become clients of the outreaching social workers. Four different groups of social audience identified for the study are secondary school teachers, outreaching social workers, centre-based social workers and the local residents in the community (kaifongs). The hypothesis is that the social audience has a biased perception towards ‘marginal youth’ and that stigmatisation against them can be viewed in relation to the modified concept of disproportionality proposed by the investigators.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr WONG, Victor CW (Department of Social Work)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr CHIU, Sammy WS (Department of Social Work)
Duration
Starting Date - April 1995
Expected Completion Date - June 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SOSC 86
The Study of Health and Social

224
Care of Older People in Hong Kong
Notwithstanding the deterioration of health among old people, physical health does not directly dictate the quality of later life. The way in which health and social care for old people are arranged and provided in a society may affect more significantly the quality of later life. This study explores the health condition of older people and in particular their condition of chronic pain. Social and health care arrangements for the old people will be explored, and special light will be given to the seeking and provision of Western and Chinese medicine among old people in Hong Kong and Beijing. The similarities as well as the differences between old people in the two places will be studied.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr WONG, Victor CW (Department of Social Work)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr CHIU, Sammy WS (Department of Social Work)
Prof LIU, Qinglong (School of Humanities & Social Sciences, Tsinghua University)
Duration
Starting Date - June 1998
Expected Completion Date - March 2000
Source(s) of Funding
IACM—Joint Research Program by 3 Universities
SOSC 87
Themes of Love and Sex in Hong Kong Comics
The study is of particular importance not only because of the popularity that comics have received among young people, but also because of their indigenization, which may make the meanings and their underpinning values more appealing to the readers. The purposes of the study are: (1) to examine the contents and meanings of love and sex portrayed; (2) to explore the way in which they are described in different themes; (3) to examine the portrayal of images and roles of different sexes; (4) to explore the male-female, social as well as sexual relationship; and finally (5) to interpret the findings in relation to the particular social context of Hong Kong.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr WONG, Victor CW (Department of Social Work)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr CHIU, Sammy WS (Department of Social Work)
Duration
Starting Date - January 1995
Expected Completion Date - August 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant

225
SOSC 88
Circumstances of Internal Debates and Their Terms of Reference in SUM’s Transformative Adjustment vis-a-vis Political Changes
This project is an extension of our pervious three years project entitled Civic Self and Public Image of Intermediate Associations in Hong Kong. Based upon our findings, as well as predicated upon our experience in inquiring into the bodies social at a very general and basic level, we are equipped to carry out intensive studies on the concrete practices that manifested in particular survival struggles in specific groups. To fulfill the requirement of such a research orientation, we found SUM to be the ideal site for in-depth structural analyses as well as for detailed oral-historical reconstruction.
Investigator(s)
Dr CHIU, Fred YL (Department of Sociology)
Duration
Starting Date - December 1997
Expected Completion Date - September 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty of Research Grant
SOSC 89
Interpersonal Network and Information Flow: An Exploratory Study in Hong Kong
This project represents a preliminary effort in the study of interpersonal networks in Hong Kong. It aims to explore the use and characteristics of interpersonal networks in the flow of information. Using a recent event related to a widespread rumor about the closing down of a major cake shop in Hong Kong as the frame of reference, we will examine how individuals obtain and spread information. Further, we are interested in the characteristics of interpersonal ties through which information travels, such as role relations with ego, strength of tie with ego, and socio-economic traits. We will also investigate the structural factors that may shape the access to certain interpersonal ties.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr LAI, Gina WF (Department of Sociology)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr WONG, Odalia MH (Department of Sociology)
Duration
Starting Date - December 1997
Expected Completion Date - November 1998
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant

226
SOSC 90
Organizational Commitment among PRC Workers in State-Owned Organizations, Private Firms, and Joint Ventures
China’s economic reforms have brought substantial changes to China. One such important change is restructuring and proliferation of economic institutions. The emergence of the non-state sectors and the implementation of new wage and labour policies may alter the relation between workers and work organizations. The proposed study aims to examine the factors that might influence organizational commitment among Chinese workers in the post-reform era. Specifically, it will develop a theoretical framework that explains why and how Chinese workers attach to their organization, and compare and contrast factors that might affect organizational commitment across economic institutions, namely state enterprises, joint ventures, and private enterprises. Workers and organizations in the manufacturing and services sectors, both of which contribute significantly to the booming Chinese economy, form our target population. Survey and in-depth interviews will be employed to collect data on 600 workers and 15 managers from 15 organizations in retail industry in urban Shanghai.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator Dr WAN, Choi (PolyU)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr CHIU, Warren (PolyU)
Dr LAI, Gina WF (Department of Sociology)
Mr LU, Hanlong (Shanghai Academy of Social
Science, China)
Duration
Starting Date - June 1997
Expected Completion Date - May 1999
Source(s) of Funding
PolyU University Research Funds
SOSC 91
Social Resources and Mobility of Chinese Immigrants in Hong Kong: A Pilot Study
Scattered studies show that Chinese immigrants generally occupy disadvantaged socioeconomic positions in comparison with local-born Chinese. A cycle of disadvantages has also been hypothesized. However, the extent of generational perpetuation of disadvantages and the factors that differentiate more successful Chinese immigrants from others remain unclear. To fill this research gap, the present study explores the factors that have influenced the mobility process of Chinese immigrants, with focus on the utilization of social resources in achieving current socioeconomic status. Census data will be used to identify the socioeconomic profile of Chinese immigrants and to examine household effects on mobility outcomes. Indepth interviews will be conducted to uncover how Chinese immigrants mobilize social resources in Hong Kong.

227
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr LEUNG, Hon Chu (Department of
Sociology)
Co-investigator(s)
Dr LAI, Gina WF (Department of Sociology)
Duration
Starting Date - March 1998
Expected Completion Date - March 2000
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
SOSC 92
Craft Guilds and the Organisation of Labour: A Comparative Analysis of Guild Organisation in UK and China
The project re-examines the structure and social organisation of guilds in China and compares this to that of guilds in the UK. Attention is directed to the variations in guild structure and functions and to the significance of recruitment, training and control of labour. Careful attention is given to the articulation of craft, service and ‘place’ guilds with civic authorities and various forms of merchant associations.
Investigator(s)
Co-ordinating Investigator
Dr RANSON, Brian HA (Department of Sociology)
Co-investigator(s)
Prof HUANG, Chih Lien (Department of Sociology)
Prof LI, Runhai (Tsinghua University, China) Dr YANG, Junyou (Tsinghua University, China) Dr ZHANG, Lihua (Tsinghua University, China) Dr SHU, Wen (Tsinghua University, China) Dr WANG, Xianming (Tsinghua University, China)
Prof FENG, Shaolei (East China Normal University, China)
Prof YU, Zhisen (East China Normal University, China)
Prof GONG, Rongdong (East China Normal University, China)
Dr JIN, Zhilin (East China Normal University, China)
Dr ARCHER, Ian (University of Oxford, UK) Dr BARRETT, Alan (Coventry University, UK) Dr KEENE, Derek (Institute of Historical
Research, London University, UK)
Dr EPSTEIN, Stephan (London School of Economics, UK)
Duration
Starting Date - July 1995
Expected Completion Date -
Phase I: December 1996
Phase II: June 1997
Phase III: January 1999
Source(s) of Funding
HKBU Faculty Research Grant
David C Lam Institute for East-West Studies
Freemason’s Fund for SE Asian Studies (Phase I only)

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Publications

230
Publications
FACULTY OF ARTS
Department of Chinese Language and Literature
* Chow, K.C., 'Cognitive Features of Chinese Graphs', Sino-Humanitas, 1998, 5:89-126.
* Chu,Y.W,〈全球化年代的知識生產〉， 載《中外文化與文論》，成都：四川 大學出版社，1997年12月，頁66-82。
Chu,Y.W.,《他性機器？後殖民香港文化 論集》，香港：青文書屋，1998年4 月。
Chu,Y.W.,《香港流行歌詞研究：七十年 代中期至九十年代中期》，香港：三 聯書店，1998年6月。
Chu,Y.W.,〈香港流行歌星小傳〉共103 則，載《香港粤語唱片收藏指南》， 香港：三聯書店，1998年1月。
Chu, Y.W.,〈語文問題110則〉，載《中 文一分鐘》，香港：中華書局，1998 年。
* Chu, Y.W. and (Sin, W.M.), 'Whose Rule of Law? Rethinking Postcolonial Hong Kong Legal Culture', Social and Legal Studies, June 1998, 7(2):147-169.
Chung, C.H.,《「亦雨」、「夜雨」辨》， 載《第三屆國際中國古文字學研討會 論文集》，香港中文大學中文系、中 國文化研究所，1997年10月，頁211-221。
Huang, Z.P,〈論中國當代短篇小説的藝 術發展〉，載《二十世紀中國文學史 論》第三卷，上海：東方出版中心， 1997 年 11 月，頁 81-101 °
Huang, Z.P.,〈命運三重奏：《家》與「家」 與「家中人」〉，載《二十世紀中國文 學史論》第二卷，上海：東方出版中 心，1997 年 11 月'頁 388-395。
Huang, Z.P.,〈語言洪水中的壩與碑—— 重讀《小鮑莊》〉，載《二十世紀中國 文學史論》第三卷，上海：東方出版 中心，1997 年 11 月'頁 286-298。
* Kwong, K.H.,〈從負面因素看武俠小説和 敎育功能〉，載《武俠小説論卷》， 香港：明河出版社，1998年5月，頁 376-394。
* Kwong, K.H.,〈杜甫貢舉考試問題的再審 察、論析和推斷〉，載《杜甫研究學 刊》-成都：四川省杜甫研究會， 1997 年，第 4 期，頁 38-53。
Kwong, K.H.,〈試論梁羽生作品受歡迎的 程度〉，載《武俠小説論卷》，香港： 明河出版社，1998年5月，頁576-588。
Kwong, K.H.,〈鍾噪《詩品》所錄「止乎 五言」補説〉，載《魏晉南北朝文學 論集》，南京大學出版社，1997年9 月'頁 588-598。
Lau, C.W.,〈壇經神秀偈〉，載《六祖慧 能思想研究》，廣州：學術研究雜 誌，1997 年 7 月，頁 362-376。
* Lim, C.C.,〈重讀《金鎖記》：鐵閨閣與 雙重人格的儒家瘋女〉，栽《人文中 國學報》，香港浸會大學，1998年4 月，第5期，頁189-221 °
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

231
Lim, C.C.,〈重歸「荒涼」.張愛玲海 葬與遺囑閲讀的隱喻〉，載《明報月 刊》， 1997年12月，第12期，頁84-88。
* Lim, C.C.,〈九十年代台湾散文現象與理 論走向〉，載《文藝理論研究》，上 海：華東師範大學及中國文藝理論學 會，1997年9月，第5期，頁63-73。
Lim, C.C.,〈女性焦慮與醜怪身體：論張 愛玲小説中的女性亞文化群體〉，香 港大學中文系七十週年紀念國際研討 會論文，1997年12月9-12日；另載 《社會科學戰線》，吉林省社會科學 院，1998年3月，第2期，頁78-91。
Lim, C.C.,〈去勢模擬與男性閹割構圖： 張愛玲的女性書寫及其反父權策 略〉，中國現代文學批評國際研討會 論文，香港大學亞洲研究中心，1998 年6月19-20日。
* Lim, C.C.,〈雙重意義的女性文本：張愛 玲的女性主體論述〉，載《中國現代 文學研究叢刊》，北京：中國現代文 學研究會及中國現代文學館，1998 年6月，第2期，頁169-188。
* Lim, C.C.,〈張愛玲的「閨閣政治論述」： 女性身體、慾望與權力的文本〉，載 《文史哲學報》，台北：國立台灣大 學，1997年12月，第47期，頁43-76。
Wai, K.M.,〈從片玉集之小令看周邦彦詞 之特色〉，載《新亞學報，嚴耕望敎 授紀念特刊》，1997年7月31日，第 18 卷，頁 329-356。
Department of English Language and Literature
Anderson, E.A., 'The Use of Speech Levels in Sundanese', in: M. Clark (ed.), Paper in Southeast Asian Linguistics, 16:1-45, Pacific Linguistics, A-9, \991.
* Bickley, G.B., 'The Contribution Made by Frederick Stewart (1836-1889) through His Pupils to the Modernisation of China', paper presented at the International Conference on Hong Kong and Modern China, HKU, 3-5 December 1997.
Bickley, G.B., 'The First Bishop ofVictoria: The Right Revd George Smith (1815-1871), Lord Bishop of Victoria, 1849-1865: Relations with the British Navy and Naval Personnel', Saint John's Review, Winter 1997, pp. 11-13.
Bickley, G.B., The Golden Needle: The Biography of Frederick Stewart (1836-1889), David C. Lam Institute for East-West Studies, HKBU, November 1997.
Bickley, G.B., 'The Hon. Frederick Stewart, LL.D., Registrar-General of Hong Kong', March/April 1883-8-October 1887, New Register House Nibbles, Scotland: General Register Office, June 1998, pp. 2-3.
Chau, S.S.C. (trans.),〈空空〉('Adventure in Religious Life' by Vatiswarananda)' 《公敎報》，1998年1月。
Chau, S.S.C. (trans.),〈回音〉('Echo Flying' by Brenda McClure) ，《公敎 報》，1998年3月。
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

232
Chau, S.S.C. (trans.),〈征服〉('The Day Fungins Took Over the World') by Roger Parsons) ，《公敎報》1997年11月°
Chau, S.S.C. (trans.),〈轉吿〉('Grey Wolf by O.F. Donaldson)，《公敎報》，1997 年 10 月。
* Chau, S.S.C., 'Making Shakespeare Happy —Why, What and How in Rendering the Bard's Masterpieces', paper presented at the Conference on Shakespeare in Hong Kong, Hong Kong Shakespeare Society and Department of English Language & Literature, HKBU, 12-14 December 1997.
* Chau, S.S.C., 4When Is Shakespeare No Longer Shakespeare: Fidelity in Translating Revisited,, paper presented at the International Conference on Chinese Studies, Department of Chinese, HKU, December 1997.
* Cheung, M.P.Y. (ed.), Hong Kong Collage: Contemporary Stories and Writing, Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1998, xiii + 250 pages.
* Cheung, M.P.Y. (trans.), 'The First Day'(第 —天)by Ye Si (也斯)，in: Hong Kong Collage: Contemporary Stories and Writing, pp. 99-106.
* Cheung, M.P.Y. (trans.), 'Losing the City' (失城)by Wong Bik Wan (黃碧雲)， in: Hong Kong Collage: Contemporary Stories and Writing, pp. 205-232.
* Cheung, M.P.Y. and Leung, P.K. (trans.), 'The Sorrows of Lan Kwai Fong'(蘭 桂坊的憂鬱) by P.K. Leung (梁秉 鈞)，in: Hong Kong Collage:
Contemporary Stories and Writing, pp. 85-95.
* Cheung, M.P.Y. (trans.), 'The Story of Hong Kong' (香港的故事) by P.K. Leung (梁秉釣),in: Hong Kong Collage: Contemporary Stories and Writing, pp. 3-13.
* Cheung, M.P.Y. and (Chan, N.T.) (trans.), 'Wood'(木)by Ng Hui Bun (吳煦 斌) in: Hong Kong Collage: Contempoary Stories and Writing, pp. 132-151.
Cheung, M.P.Y., (trans.),《牛津少年百科 全書》(Oxford Children 's Encyclopedia), Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1998, 9 vols.
* Cheung, M.P.Y., 'The Discourse of Occidentalism? Wei Yi and Lin Shu's Treatment of Religious Material in Their Translation of Uncle Tom's Cabin', in: D. Pollard (ed.), Translation and Creation: Readings of Western Literature in Early Modern China, 1840-1918, Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1998, pp. 127-149.
* Cheung, M.P.Y.,〈翻譯活動在香港教育及 社會演變中的角色〉，亞洲翻譯傳統 與現代動向學術研討會論文，輔仁大 學翻譯學研究所，台灣新莊，1998 年4月11至13日。
* Dissanayake, W.B., 'Cultural Studies and World Englishes', in: L. Smith and M. Forman (eds.), Englishes 2000, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1998.
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

233
* Dissanayake, W.B., 'The Distinctiveness of Indian Cinema', in: S.N. Sridhar and N.K. Mattoo (eds.), A Portrait of India, New York: Association of Indians in America, August 1997.
* Dissanayake, W.B., New Chinese Cinema, Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1998.
* Dissanayake, W.B., Popular Indian Cinema, London: Trentham Publishers, 1998.
* Dissanayake, W.B. (Ames, R.T. and Kasulis, T.P.), in: Self as Image in Asian Theory and Practice, New York: State University of New York Press, 1998.
* Dissanayake, W.B., 'Self as Image: Introduction', in: R.T. Ames, T.P. Kasulis and W. Dissanayake (eds.), Self as Image in Asian Theory and Practice, New York: State University of New York Press, 1998.
* Dissanayake, W.B., 'Self as Image in Nature Poetry of Kalidasa and Du Fu', in: R.T. Ames, T.P. Kasulis and W.B. Dissanayake (eds.), Self as Image in Asian Theory and Practice, New York: State University of New York Press, 1998, pp. 224-259.
* Fan, W.M.,〈隱含的信息和公共告示 語〉，載《翻譯季刊》，香港翻譯學 會，1997年，第3、4期，頁41-51。 (〈隱含的信息和公共告示語〉，另轉 載《外文中譯研究與探討》，香港中 文大學翻譯系，1998年，頁366-376。)
Jernudd, B.H., 'A Comparative Sociolinguistic Perspective on the
Overseas Contract Worker Community in Hong Kong', in: Language Management for Multicultural Communities: Individuals and Communities―Living the Differences, Tokyo: The National Language Research Institute, 1997, pp. 105-116.
Jernudd, B.H., 'Ideal, Real and Hybrid Linguistics,, in: Language Management for Multicultural Communities: Individuals and Communities―Living the Differences, Tokyo: The National Language Research Institute, 1997, pp. 157-169.
Jemudd, B.H., 'New Agencies in Language Planning. Corporations and Firms as Language Managers', TermNet News. Journalfor International Cooperation in Terminology, 1997, 56/57:14-17.
Jernudd, B.H., 'The [R]Evolution of Sociolinguistics. A Personal Retrospect of the Early 1960's', in: C.B. Paulston and G.R. Tucker (eds.), The Early Days of Sociolinguistics—Memories and Reflections, Arlington, TX: Summer Institute of Linguistics, 1997, pp. 131-138.
Jernudd, B.H., 'Urban Bilingualism in Hong Kong in: K. Herberts, C. Lauren, U. Lauren and S. Stromman (eds.), Flerspakighetens dimensioned Individ, familj och samhalle (Proceedings of the University of Vaasa, Report No. 26.), Vaasa: University ofVaasa, 1997, pp. 46-64.
Kwok, H.L.,〈英語敎學？有甚麼用〉， 載《母語敎學的理論與實踐》，香港 敎師會，1998年6月，頁171-174。
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

234
* Kwok, H.L. （trans.）, 'Time'（時間）by Liu Yichang （劉以曾），in: M. Cheung （ed.）, Hong Kong Collage: Contemporary Stories and Writing, Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1998, pp. 167-172.
Lai, J.C.C. and Cheung, M.P.Y. （trans.）,丿0° Excerpts from Zen Buddhist Texts, Hong Kong: Commerical Press, October 1997, xxix + 366 pp.
* Lai, J.C.C. （trans.）, 'A Bitter Experience, （苦澀的經歷）by Xiao Si （小思），in: M.P.Y. Cheung （ed.）, Hong Kong Collage: Contemporary Stories and Writing, Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1998, pp. 152-153.
* Lai, J.C.C. （trans.）, 'The Bronze Lions', （看銅獅去）by Xiao Si （小思），in: Hong Kong Collage: Contemporary Stories and Writing, pp. 81-82.
* Lai, J.C.C. （trans.）, "The Case of Mary'（瑪 麗個案）by Xi Xi （西西），in: Hong Kong Collage: Contemporary Stories and Writing, pp. 199-201.
* Lai, J.C.C. （trans.）, "The Hazards of Daily Life5 （日常生活的危機）by Xin Yhan （心猿），in: Hong Kong Collage: Contemporary Stories and Writing, pp. 233-241.
* Lai, J.C.C. （trans.）, 'The Man Who Jumped Off the Connaught Centre' （從康樂大 廈跳下來的人）by Song Mu （松木）， in: Hong Kong Collage: Contemporary Stories and Writing, pp. 55-63.
* Lai, J.C.C. （trans.）, 'Old Banyan Trees Moving On' （老榕移居）by Xiao Si
（小思），in: Hong Kong Collage: Contemporary Stories and Writing, pp. 79-80.
* Lai, J.C.C. （trans.）, 'Red Rose and Bastard Horse'（紅玫瑰與雜種馬）by Xin Yuan （心猿），in: Hong Kong Collage: Contemporary Stories and Writing, pp. 188-196.
Lai, J.C.C., 'What Lies Ahead for the Teaching of Translation in Hong Kong', paper presented at the Conference on Translation Teaching, CUHK, Hong Kong, 2-4 December 1997.
Lie, R.S.C., Practical Modern English, Hong Kong: Ming Pao Publications Ltd., April 1998, 238 pp.
Lo,K.C.,《德勒茲》，台北：東大圖書公
司，1997年，共188頁。
Lo,K.C.,《觀景窗文化評論集》，香港：
青文出版社，1998年，共380頁。
* Lo, K.C., 'The Antinomy of the Empirical and the Intelligible: Everydayness and Localism of Hong Kong Modern Poetry of the 1970s', paper presented at the Conference on Hong Kong Literature, Lingnan College, April 1998.
* Lo, K.C., look Who's Talking: The Politics of Orality in Transitional Hong Kong Mass Culture', Boundary 2, 1998,25（3）: 151-168.
* Lo, K.C., 'Transnationalization of the Local in Hong Kong Cinema of the 1990s', paper presented at the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Asian Studies, Washington D.C., March 1998.
（a）	* Article published in refereed journal
（b）	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

235
* Mackenzie, C.G., ‘Butterflies at Sea: Images of Migration in Contemporary Chinese Poetry [in English translation]’, Literatures of Asian Migration, East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1997, pp. 257-267.
* Mackenzie, C.G., ‘The Culture and Writings of Higher Education in Africa’, Tradition and Innovation, London: Cassell, 1997, 2:206-216.
* Mackenzie, C.G., ‘The Literature of the Missionaries: Myths and Misapprehensions’, Tradition and Innovation, London: Cassell, 1997, 4:203-213.
* Mackenzie, C.G., ‘Renaissance Emblems of Death and Shakespeare’s King John', English Studies, 1998, 79(5):425-429.
* Mackenzie, C.G., ‘Thomas Carlyle and the Rhetoric of Famine’, Neohelicon: Acta Comparationis Litterarum Universarum, Amsterdam: John Benjamins BV; Budapest: Kiado, 1997, XXIV:219-236.
Tickoo, A.K., ‘Enumerative Exposition in ESL: Learning Challenges of Basic Text-Development’, paper presented at the Department of Linguistics, Chinese and Translation, CityU, November 1997.
Tickoo, A.K., ‘Enumerative Exposition in ESL: Learning Challenges of Basic Text-Development’, paper presented at the annual Second Language Research Forum, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, October 1997.
Wong, L.P.L., ‘Landscape of the Heart: The City and the Feminine in William Faulkner’s “Artist at Home” and “Idyll
in the Desert"', paper presented at the 2nd International Conference on William Faulkner, Peking University, 1-4 November 1997.
Wong, L.P.L., 'The Reception of Western Fairy Tales in Modern China: A Study of Hans Christian Andersen and Oscar Wilde', paper presented at the 15th Congress of International Comparative Literature Association, University of Leiden, The Netherlands, 15-22 August 1997.
Wong, L.P.L., 'The Reception of W.B. Yeats in Modern China, 1920-1930', paper presented at the International Association for the Study of Irish Literatures, University of New South Wales, Australia, 4-9 January 1998.
Yang, S.Y.,〈從情狀類型來看"把"字句 (上)〉，《漢語學習》，1998年2月， 頁 10-13 。
Yang, S.Y.,〈從情狀類型來看"把"字句 (下)〉，《漢語學習》，1998年3月， 頁 10-12。
* Yang, S.Y. and Huang, Y.Y., 'The Prototypes of Verbs', Proceedings ofthe Ninth North American Conference on Chinese Linguistics, GSIL Publications, Linguistics Department, University of Southern California, 1998.
* Yang, S.Y., 'Unaccurative Verbs in Chinese', paper presented at the 7th Annual Meeting of the International Association of Chinese Linguistics/the 10th North American Conference on Chinese Linguistics, Stanford University, USA, 26-28 June 1998.
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

236
* Yip, T.S.H. and Tam, K.K., ‘The Self in Transition: Moral Dilemma in Modern Chinese Drama’, in: T. Ames et al. (eds.), Self as Image in Asian Theory and Practice, New York: State University of New York Press, 1998, pp. 200-216.
* Yip, T.S.H., ‘Texts and Contexts: Goethe’s Works in Chinese Tranalation prior to 1985’, Asian and African Studies, 1997, 6:197-216.
* Yip, T.S.H., ‘Gender Roles and Female Identity in Chinese and Western Literature’, paper presented at the 15th Congress of the International Comparative Literature Association, University of Leiden, The Netherlands, 15-23 August 1997.
* Yip, T.S.H., ‘The Self in the Making: A Comparative Study of Female Subjectivity in Twentieth-Century Literature’, paper presented at the 35th International Congress of Asian and North African Studies, Korosi Csoma Society and Eotvos Lorand University, 7-12 July 1997.
Language Centre
Bankowski, E.A. and Cotton, E.H., ‘Teaching EAP through the Use of Learning Packages Based on Authentic Audio-Visual Material’, Occasional Papers in Applied Language Studies, Language Centre, HKBU, 1997, 2:123-133.
Bankowski, E.A., ‘Self-Directed Learning Mode as an Integrated Component of EAP Syllabus’, paper presented at the
International Language in Education Conference, HKU and HKIEd, 17-20 December 1997.
Chan, K.W., 'Promoting Classroom Interaction in English', Occasional Papers in Applied Language Studies, Language Centre, HKBU, 1997,2:87-98.
Chu, L., 'A Comparison between the Process Approach and Genre Approach in Teaching Writing', Occasional Papers in Applied Language Studies, Language Centre, HKBU, 1997, 2:51-58.
Chu, S.C.,《塵土雲月》，香港：獲益出 版社，1998年。
Chu, S.C.,〈倪寶元〈等義成語四題〉辨 誤〉，載《語文研究與創作》，香港 浸會大學語文中心，1997年7月，頁 181-185 。
Chu, S.C.,《燕子山僧傳》，香港：獲益 出版社，1997年。
Fan, K., Tactors Affecting Language Teaching—A Theoretical Approach5, Occasional Papers in Applied Language Studies, Language Centre, HKBU, 1997, 2:147-156.
Fan, K. and Cheung, Y.S.,〈簡化字研究與 簡化字的敎學〉(Translating Research Findings into Practice: A Case of Simplified Chinese Characters), Occasional Papers in Applied Language Studies, Language Centre, HKBU, 1997, 2:171-180.
Fan, K. and Ng, S.K., 'A Study of the Cantonese Names of Hong Kong Youths: Tonal Pattern' (香港年青人姓名粤語
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

237
調類研究)，Occasional Papers in Applied Language Studies, Language Centre, HKBU, 1997, 2:157-170.
Ghadessy, M., 'Knowledge and Use of a Grammatical Rule in Five Samples of Academic Writing in Hong Kong', Occasional Papers in Applied Language Studies, Language Centre, HKBU, 1997, 2:35-50.
* Ghadessy, M., 'Language Learning Strategies of Some Hong Kong University Students', Estudios Ingleses de la Universidad Complutense, Madrid: Sevicio de Publicaciones Universidad Complutense, 1998, 6.
Ho, S.B.,〈從應用寫作敎學看學生的語言 問題〉，載《香港中國語文敎學論文 集——從預科到大專》，香港中文大 學中國語言及文學系，1998年3月。
Ho, W.F. and Huang, Y.Y.,〈電腦普通話 的敎學效果〉，國際語文敎育研討會 論文，1997年12月18日。
* Huang, Y.Y. and (Sun, F.Z.),〈滲透性語言 敎學中的香港小學生普通話習得〉， 載《中文教育論文集》，香港大學， 1997 年，第 4 輯，頁 196-208。
Huang, Y.Y. and (Lee, N.) JTo Be or Not To Be: A Study of the Verb "To Be" in the Interlanguage of Chinese ESL Children', Occasional Papers in Applied Language Studies, Language Centre, HKBU, 1997, 2:133-145.
Huang, Y.Y. and Ho, W.F., The Effects of a Computer Putonghua Course', paper presented at the International Language in Education Conference, Hong Kong, December 1997.
Huang, Y.Y. and Yang, S.Y., 'The Problems in Acquisition of Tense-Aspect System', paper presented at the 7th International Conference on Chinese Linguistics, Standfbrd University, 26-28 June 1998.
Huang, Y.Y. and Yang, S.Y., 'Problems in Learning and Using English Tense-Aspects by Chinese ESL Learners', paper presented at the International Conference on English Teaching and China's Tomorrow, Nanjing University, July 1997.
Huang, Y.Y., 'The Specific Characteristics of Cantonese Speaking Adults Learning Putonghua', paper presented at the International Language in Education Conference, Hong Kong, December 1997.
Hung, T.T.N. and (Bao, Z.M.), English Sounds and Words, Singapore: Prentice Hall, 1997,214 pp.
Hung, T.T.N., (Ng, M. and Dong, Z.), 'English by Internet: The China Experience', paper presented at the 4th Annual Canadian Association for Distance Education Conference, Banff, 21-24 May 1998.
Hung, T.T.N., 'The Phonemic System of Some Asian Varieties of English,, paper presented at the 4th International Conference on World Englishes, Singapore, 19-21 December 1997.
Hung, T.T.N., 'Teaching Pronunciation the Multimedia Way', paper presented at the RELC Seminar, Singapore, 20-22 April 1998.
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

238
Lu, D.H., 'Bilingual Journeys in Language Education', paper presented at the 1997 Beijing International Conference on College English Teaching, Peking University, 12-15 July 1997.
Lu, D.H., 'Cultural Elements in ESL/EFL Teaching', paper presented at the English Teaching and China's Tomorrow Conference, Nanjing University, 18-21 July 1997.
Lu, D.H., 'EAP Courses and EAP Teachers', paper presented at the 1998 International Teacher Education Conference, East China Normal University, 26-30 April 1998.
Lu, D.H., 'Linguistic Feeling and Pragmatics', The World of Chinese Language, 1998, 87:61-64.
Lu, D.H. and (Hildebrandt, H.),《順順當 當寫書信》(Writing Letters with Ease: A Way to Success in Written Communication), Shanghai: Shanghai World Publishing Corporation, 1997.
Ng, R.P.N. and (Lee, I.), 'Self-Directed Learning: Does It Make Any Difference?', Occasional Papers in Applied Language Studies, Language Centre, HKBU, 1997, 2:99-122.
Ng, R.P.N. and Mak, B.S., 'What Can Intensive Bridge Programmes for Entering Freshmen Achieve?', paper presented at the International Language in Education Conference, HKU and HKIEd, 17-20 December 1997.
Wu, Y.C.,《地車裡》，香港：基道出版
社，1998年2月。
Wu, Y.C.,《啟啟的腳趾有話説》，香港： 基道出版社，1998年1月。
Wu,Y.C.,《啟啟怕不怕考試？》，香港： 基道出版社，1998年3月。
Wu, Y.C.,《啟啟上小學》，香港：基道
出版社，1997年10月。
Wu, Y.C.,《一米四八》，香港：突破出 版社，1997年12月。
Department of Music and Fine Arts
Chen, J.K.P.,〈花中央〉，composition for string quartet, performed by Hong Kong String Quartet, City Hall, 5 October 1997.
Chen, J.K.P.,〈花中央〉，performed by Hong Kong String Quartet, HKUST, 23 November 1997.
Chen, J.K.P. 'Autumn Water', composition for string quartet and tape, performed by Hong Kong String Quartet, HKUST, 11 May 1998.
Chen, J.K.P., Tang Yuan Fang Yuan', composition, Ko Shan Theatre, January 1998.
Chen, J.K.P., 'Miao Yin', composition for string quartet and tape, performed by Hong Kong String Quartet, HKUST, 11 May 1998.
Chen, J.K.P., 'Primary Colors', City Hall, 3-4 October 1997.
Chen, J.K.P., 'Ring Shades', composition, Munich, 17 August 1997.
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

239
Chen, J.K.P., ‘Water Bells’, composition for string quartet and tape, performed by Hong Kong String Quartet, HKUST, 11 May 1998.
Chen, J.K.P., ‘Wave Song’, composition for string quartet, premiered by Hong Kong String Quartet, 2 December 1997.
Chen, J.K.P., ‘Wave Song’, performed by Hong Kong String Quartet, HKUST, 11 May 1998.
Cheung, A.Y.K., HKBU Girls’ Choir Concert, HKUST, 28 February 1998.
Coleman, C.B., Dreams for a Spirit Seer, performance of a composition by C.B. Coleman for percussion quartet, 13 August 1997.
Coleman, C.B., music for trombonist and one other instrumentalist, performance of Scampata #1 (for horn and trombone) and Scampata #3 (for bass trombone and percussion) by C.B. Coleman, 24 April 1998.
Coleman, C.B., Reflections, two performances by different groups of a composition by C.B. Coleman for trombone ensemble, 11 & 15 August 1997.
Coleman, C.B., Romantic Suite, performance of selections from a six movement suite for trombone ensemble by C.B. Coleman, Eastern Trombone Workshop, 21 March 1998.
Coleman, C.B., Scampata #3: Fantasia and Bolero, performance of a composition for bass trombone and percussion, Hong Kong Philharmonic’s Hong Kong
Composers Workshop Series, 4-5 May 1998.
Fung, V.C.K., ‘Effect of a Sound Exploration Program on Children’s Creative Thinking in Music’, Research Studies in Music Education, 1997,9:13-19.
Fung, V.C.K., ‘Effect of Video Presentation on Asian Music Perceptual Dimensions’, Psychology of Music, 1998,26(l):66-77.
Fung, V.C.K., ‘Mind Opening through Music: An Internationalized Music Curriculum’, in: J.A. Mestenhauser and B.J. Ellingboe (eds.), Reforming the Higher Education Curriculum: Internationalizing the Campus, Washington, DC: American Council on Education/Phoenix, AZ: Oryx Press, 1998.
Ho, W.C., ‘Hong Kong Secondary Music Education: A Sociological Survey (1949-1997)’, paper presented at the Poster Research Session for the Music Educators National Conference (MENC), Phoenix, USA, 15-18 April 1998.
Ho, W.C., ‘Political Impact on Hong Kong Secondary Music Education’, Proceedings of the First Asia-Pacific Symposium on Music Education Research, Yangji, Korea, 10-12 August 1997.
Ho, W.C., ‘Political Impact on Hong Kong Secondary Music Education’, paper presented at the Poster Research Session for the Texas Music Educators Association (TIMEA), Texas, USA, 12-14 February 1998.
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

240
Hoberman, J.L., ‘Barber’s Violin Concerto’, FM fine Music, September 1997.
Hoberman, J.L., ‘Bell’s Barber Excels’, FM Fine Music, September 1997.
Hoberman, J.L., ‘A Reminiscence of Sir Georg Solti’, FM Fine Music, November 1997.
Hoberman, J.L., conducting performance with Hong Kong Sinfonietta, Hong Kong Bach Choir and soloists, of Mozart: Great Mass in C minor, and Stravinsky: Symphony of Psalms, City Hall, 11 December 1997.
Hoberman, J.L., conducting performances with HKBU Orchestra and Contemporary Music Workshop, of Riley: In C, HKBU, 20 February and 18 March 1998.
Hoberman, J.L., conducting performance with Hong Kong Sinfonietta, Hong Kong Bach Choir and soloists, of Beethoven: Missa solemnis in D, City Hall, 11 June 1998.
Hoberman, J.L., conducting performance with Hong Kong Bach Choir and Orchestra, and soloists, of J.S. Bach: Cantatas 51, 65, 73, 212 and selections from Cantata 68, City Hall, 16 November 1997.
Hoberman, J.L., conducting performance with Hong Kong Bach Choir, of 16th-century English Madrigals, Hong Kong Club, 25 April 1998.
Hoberman, J.L., conducting performance with Hong Kong Bach Choir, of 19th and
20th-century English choral music, Ladies Recreation Club, 19 June 1998.
Keyes, C.J., ‘A Hurried Darkness’, in: P. Brink, Contemporary Music for Brass and Percussion, Christian Education Centre, HKBU, 24 April 1998.
Keyes, C.J., ‘Confusion and Tranquillity: Two Lessons from the I Ching', performance in 1997 International Festival of Contemporary Music by Choir of Good Hope, City Hall, Hong Kong, 12 October 1997.
Keyes, C.J., ‘Pittsburgh Music’, performance in Hong Kong Composer’s Workshop by the Hong Kong Philharmonic players, Hong Kong Cultural Centre, 3-4 October 1997.
Keyes, C.J., ‘Set-Classes, 12-Tone Rows, and Tonality in the Third Movement of Samuel Barber’s Piano Sonata: The NonDuality of Tonality and Atonality’, 20th Century Music, August 1998, 5(8):9-15.
Keyes, C.J., ‘Of Wood, Spring, and Bamboo, Variations for Harpsichord on the Chinese Melody Beautiful Spring', performance in New Harpsichord Music by J. Lindorff, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA, 14 October 1997.
Lam, C.W., ‘Chinese Music Curriculum at Hong Kong Baptist University’, Studies of Ethnomusicology, HKU, 6. (In press)
Lam, C.W., conductor of 3 concerts of Pan Asia Symphony Orchestra, Yuen Long, Sheung Shui and Tai Po Civic Centres, 17-19 April 1998.
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

241
Ryan, M.J., ‘Hong Kong 1997’ reports section, ISME Newsletter, International Society for Music Education, University of Reading, November 1997, 3.
Ryan, M.J., directed the Hong Kong Baptist University Choir in the International Choral Competition, 3. Internationale Chortage in Pohlheim, Germany, 4-7 June 1998.
Ryan, M.J., directed the Hong Kong Baptist University Choir in the International Choral Competition Canto sul Garda, Riva del Garda, Italy, 25 October 1997.
Ryan, M.J., engaged to perform with the professional singing group A Capella Portvgvesa in the programme Josquin and his Influence in Spain and Portugal, Queen’s College Chapel, Oxford, 17 August 1997.
Department of Religion and Philosophy
Becker, G.K., ‘Cloning Humans? The Chinese Debate and Why It Matters’, Eubios Journal of Asian and International Bioethics, November 1997, 7(6): 175-177; also in Ethics and Society, 1997, 5(2).
Becker, G.K., ‘Manipulating Nature: The Challenge of Biotechnology to the Traditional Concept of Nature’, The Concept of Nature in Science and Theology, Geneva: Labor et Fides, 1998, pp. 131-138.
Becker, G.K., ‘Cultivating Moral Autonomy: Perspectives on Moral Education in
China and the West', Occasional Paper Series, Centre for Applied Ethics, HKBU, 1998.
Becker, G.K., 'Ethical Issues in Medical Genetics', Proceedings of the 1st Hong Kong Medical Genetics Conference, Hong Kong Society of Medical Genetics, 1998, pp. 207-216.
Becker, G.K., 'The Ethical Challenge of Cloning Humans', paper presented at the Round Table Conference on 'Human Cloning,, Assumption University, Bangkok, 14 June 1998.
* Chan, J.K.L.,〈論金岳霖的邏輯哲學—— 思想三律的可證性與可否證性之問 題〉，載香港科技大學人文學部主編 《邏輯思想與語言哲學》，台北：學 生書局，1997年，頁95-111。
Chan, J.K.L., 'Human Cloning, Harm and Personal Identity', paper presented at the international symposium on Bioethics and the Concept of Personhood, Centre for Applied Ethics, HKBU, 11-12 May 1998.
Chan, J.K.L., 'Human Cloning, Harm and Personal Identity', paper presented at the international conference on bioethics, Graduate Institute of Philosophy, National Central University, Taiwan, 16-17 June 1998; also in Nanhua College of Management, Taiwan, 18-19 June 1998.
* Chan, S.H.,〈敎派的社會構成——香港牧 鄰敎會的個案〉，載劉青峰、關小春 編《轉化中的香港：身分與秩序的再 尋求》，香港：中文大學出版社， 1998 年，頁 259-274。
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

242
Chan, S.H.,〈香港的世俗化與社會變遷: 社會學的詮釋〉，載陳慎慶編《香港 的遠象》，香港：香港基督敎文藝出 版社，1998 年，頁 241-269。
* Chan, S.H.,〈香港基督敎社會福利事業的 發展〉，《中國神學研究院期刊》， 香港：中國神學研究院，1998年7 月，第25期，頁65-85。
* Chan, S.H.,〈中港神學理念差異：對「文 化基督徒」論辯的分析〉，《建道學 刊》'1998年7月，第10期，頁109-130。
* Chan, S.H., 'Conceptual Differences between Hong Kong and Chinese Theologians: A Study of the "Cultural Christian" Controversy', Asia Journal of Theology, October 1998, 12(2):246-264.
* Cheung, L.K.C., 'Language and the World: Wittgenstein's "World" and the "Tao" of Chuang Tzu's Taoist School', in: K.M. Yip (ed.), Logical Thought and Philosophy of Language, Taipei: Student Press, December 1997, pp. 223-241.
* Cheung, L.K.C., 'Li Ki-Li Yun and Confucianism', Legein Semi-Annual Journal, December 1997, 19:117-158.
* Ip, K.T., Teminism, the Right of Abortion and the Iceberg Hypothesis', in: Y. Chen and M. Yukuo (eds.), Collected Essays of the Sino-Japanese Practical Ethics Symposia, Beijing: Beijing Yanshan Publisher, December 1997, pp. 528-540.
* Ip, K.T., 'General Education and the Whole-Person Education Ideal in the Hong Kong Baptist University', in: K.K. Lau, K.Y. Wong and H.M. Cheng (eds.), Collected
Essays on University General Education in Chinese Context, Office of General Education, CUHK, November 1997, pp. 101-106.
* Ip, K.T., 'The Metaphor of God as Father, Woman Liberation and the Christian Religious Language', in: K.M. Yip (ed.), Logical Thought and Philosophy of Language, Taipei: Student Press, December 1997, pp. 243-253.
* Ip, K.T., 'On Writing Book Reviews: A Rereviewing of Professor Samuel Y.C. Tong's "Reflections of the Church in the Post-Modern Age"', Jian Dao: A Journal of Bible and Theology, Hong Kong: Alliance Bible Seminary, January 1998, 9:191-205.
Ip, K.T., 'Xin-Sanzijing and Issues Related to Global Ethic', paper presented at the Conference on Universal Ethics: From the Perspective of Chinese Ethical Traditions, UNESCO Division of Philosphy and Ethics, and Institute of Philosophy, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, 1-3 June 1998.
* Kang, P.S.,〈國民身分與敎會承擔——後 過渡期香港基督徒的困惑〉，載《中 國神學研究院期刊》，香港：中國神 學研究院，1997年7月，第23期，頁 101-125 。
Kang, P.S.,〈複製或創造？〉，載余達 心、江丕盛等《複製——祝福抑咒 詛？》，香港：中國神學研究院、基 道出版社，1998年，頁14-40。
Kang, P.S.,〈科學與神學——持續的對 話〉載《思》，香港：香港基督徒 學會，1997年7月，第50期，頁24-26。
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

243
Kang, P.S.,〈神學建構的我見〉，載羅永 光編《我信故我活——基督敎信仰與 生活的整合與體現》，香港：信義宗 神學院，1998年，頁11-20。
Kang,P.S.,〈宗敎、敎義與語言——耶，曾 學派的神學方法學〉，載林貝克著、 王志成譯《敎義的本質——後自由時 代的宗敎與神學》，香港：漢語基督 敎文化研究所，1997年，頁xiii-xli。
Kwan, K.M.,〈愛什麼人不重要？〉，載 《明報》，1998年5月23日。
Kwan,K.M.,〈當代亞奎那——李察•史 榮本〉，載《基道閲讀》，1998年1 月，頁 24-25。
Kwan, K.M., 〈「反性傾向歧視」的思 考〉，載《燭光網絡》，1998年4月， 頁 1-5 °
Kwan, K.M.,〈後現代危機——有絕對真 理嗎？〉，載《臨界點》，1997年11 月，第16期，頁6。
Kwan,K.M.,〈請不要將反黃人士定型一 一回應梁款先生〉，載梁款《文化再 拉扯：跟紅頂白》，香港人文科學出 版社，1997年10月，頁45-47。
Kwan, K.M.,〈「色情無罪,開放有理? J ....回應吳敏倫博士〉，載吳敏倫 《性禁忌》，香港：聚賢館文化有限 公司，1997 年 11 月，頁 224-238。
Kwan, K.M.,〈社關路上的沈思〉，載《屹 立千尺浪——基督徒關懐香港學會十 周年紀念文集》，香港：基督徒關懷 香港學會，1997年9月，頁7-15。
Kwan, K.M.,〈SM與自由社會〉，載《明 報》，1998年2月21日。
Kwan, K.M.,〈我們不用自己將自己釘十 字架！——回應許立中對信報社評事 件的評論〉，載《時代論壇》，1997 年12月28日。
Kwan,K.M.,〈信心是理性自殺嗎？〉， 載羅永光主编《我信故我活——基督 敎信仰與生活的整合與體現》，香 港：信義宗神學院，1998年1月，頁 21-33。
* Kwan, K.M., 'Thomas Kuhn's Philosophy of Science and Rationality in the Liberal Arts Tradition', ACUCA Exchange, Hong Kong: Lingnan College, June 1998,VIII(1):85-147.
Man, E.K.W.,〈勞思光先生早期思想中的 人文精神〉，勞思光先生學術思想國 際會議論文，，方人文研究學會，台 北，1997年12月。
* Man,E.K.W.,〈西方女性主義美學：發展 與批評〉，載《北京大學學報》，1997 年11月，第6期，頁137-144。
* Man, E.K.W.,〈性別、舞蹈與身體的政 治〉，載陶黎寶華、邱仁宗編《價值 與社會》，北京：中國社會科學出版 社，1997 年 8 月，頁 337-351。
Man, E.K.W., 'Investigation into the Religious Aspects of Confucianism,, The Lutheran World Federation Ninth Assembly Report, Switzerland: Lutheran World Federation Office for Communication Services, March 1998, pp. 135-138.
Ng, Y.K.,《京都學派哲學七講》，台北： 文津出版社，1998年，242頁。
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

244
Ng, Y.K.,《絕對無的哲學——京都學派 哲學導論》，台北：台灣商務印書 館，1998 年，300 頁。
Ng, Y.K.,《老莊哲學的現代析論》，台 北：文津出版社，1998年，306頁。
Palmquist, S.R., Dreams of Wholeness: A Course of Introductory Lectures on Religion, Psychology and Personal Growth, Hong Kong: Philopsychy Press, August 1997.
Palmquist, S.R., Kant98 CD, Hong Kong: Philopsychy Press, March 1988.
* Palmquist, S.R., ‘Kant’s Critical Hermeneutic of Prayer’, The Journal of Religion, October 1997, 77(4):5 84-604.
Palmquist, S.R., ‘Perspectives in Counseling: Kant’s Categories and Jung’s Types as Models for Philopsychic Insight’ (July 1997), Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Philosophical Practice. (In press)
* Palmquist, S.R., ‘Philosophers’ Views on the Use of Non-Essay Assessment Methods: Discussion of an E-Mail Survey’, Teaching Philosophy, December 1998, 21(4):373-391.
Palmquist, S.R., ‘Philosophy of Religion after Kant and Kierkegaard’ (February 1998), Proceedings of the 1998 Claremont Conference for Philosophy of Religion. (In press)
* Palmquist, S.R., ‘Report on “An E-Mail Survey Concerning the Use of NonEssay Assessment Methods in Introductory Philosophy Classes’,
American Philosophical Association Newsletter on Teaching Philosophy, Spring 1998, 97(2): 144-145.
* Palmquist, S.R., ‘What Is “Tantalizing” about the “Gap” in Kant’s Philosophical System?’, in: S. Tewyman and D.A. Freeman (eds.), Studies in Modern Philosophy IV, Delmar, NY: Caravan Books, 1997, pp. 171-194.
Palmquist, S.R., book review of Kant: Theoretical Philosphy 1755-1770 (trans, and ed. by D. Walford and R. Meerbote, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, \99Ty Kant-Studien, 1997, 88:219-223.
Palmquist, S.R., book review of P. Fenves’ Raising the Tone of Philosophy: Late Essays by Immanuel Kant, Transformative Critique by Jacques Derrida (Baltimore and London: The John Hopkins University Press, 1993), Kant-Studien, 1997, 88:365-370.
Pfister, L.F., ‘Another Understanding of Ch’ea Kam-kwong, the Chinese “ProMartyr”’, paper presented at the international conference celebrating the inaugural issue of Journal of the History of Christianity in Modern China, Department of History, HKBU, 31 March 1998.
Pfister, L.F., ‘Anticipating Practical Problems in Locating the 21st Century Encounters between Chinese Christianity, Religious Daoism, and Redefined Ruism/Confucianism’, paper presented at the conference on Christianity and Other Religions in the 21st Century, Soong Sil University, Seoul, 27-29 October 1997.
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

245
* Pfister, L.F., ‘The First Modern Chinese Protestant Theologian: Ho Tsun-sheen (1817-1871)’, in: The Bible and Chinese Culture: The Intellectual and Literary Heritage, Germany: Monumenta Serica. (In press)
* Pfister, L.F., ‘The Legacy of James Legge’, International Bulletin of Missions Research, Xpri\ 1998, 22(2):78-82.
Pfister, L.F., ‘Rethinking Mission in China: James Hudson Taylor and Timothy Richard’, paper presented at the Consultation on The Imperial Horizons of British Protestant Missions, 1880-1914, Westminster College, Cambridge, April 1998.
Pfister, L.F., ‘Some New Perspectives on James Legge’s Multiform English Translations of the Chinese Classics and Sacred Books of China', paper presented at the international symposium in celebration of the 70th anniversary of the Department of Chinese, HKU, December 1998.
Pfister, L.F., ‘Want Tao, James Legge, and Their Response to the Modern Ruist Melancholy’, paper presented at the International Conference on Wang Tao, Department of History, HKBU, March 1998.
Pfister, L.F., book review of J.D. Spence’s God’s Chinese Son: The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of Hong Xiuquan (New York: W.W. Norton, ]996), Journal of the History of Christianity in Modern China, 1998, 1:138-149.
SCHOOL OF BUSINESS
Department of Accountancy and Law
Carroll, R., ‘The Integrity Factor - Critical to Accounting Education’, Journal of Teaching Business Ethics, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998, 2:137-163.
Carroll, R., ‘Model for Ethical Education in Accounting’, in: Catherine Gowthope and John Blake (Ed.), Ethical Issues in Accounting, Routledge of London England, 1998, pp. 153-164.
Chan, S.Y., ‘The Impacts of Quality Management Systems Certification on Firm Value: Evidence from Hong Kong’, Proceedings of the Pan-pacific Conference XV: A Business, Economic and Technological Exchange, Seoul, Korea, June 1998.
Ho, D.H.K. and (Cheung, B.), ‘Consolidated Industrial and Commercial Tax’, in: Howard Gensler (Ed.), Tax & Accounting Manual, Asia Law & Practice Publishing Ltd., 2nd Edition, 1998, pp. 124-130.
Ho, D.H.K. and (Cho, S.), ‘PRC Individual Income Tax Reform: Changes and Implication from the Perspective of Professional Accountants’, in: Stella Cho (Ed.), Taxation Reforms in China (1st edition), 1998, pp. 38-49.
Ho, D.H.K. and (Cho, S.), ‘The Modernisation of Value-Added Tax in China’, in: Stella Cho (Ed.), Taxation Reforms in China (1 st edition), 1998, pp. 50-60.
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

246
Ho, D.H.K., (Cheung, B. and Kan, S.), ‘Business Tax in China’, in: Stella Cho (Ed.), Taxation Reforms in China (1st edition), 1998, pp. 79-89.
* Ho, D.H.K. and (Kan, S.), ‘Source of Interest Income - An Area of Uncertainty’, Asia Pacific Journal of Taxation, Autumn 1997, l(3):21-27.
* Lau, A.K.L., ‘A Study of U.S. Law Schools Offering Postgraduate Taxation Courses for International Students’, Ethics and Critical Thinking Journal, December 1997, pp. 1-21.
Lau, A.K.L., ‘A Candle in the Wind? - A Study of the Flickering Private Commercial Entities in the PRC’, BRC Papers on China Series, No. CP 98007, School of Business, HKBU, April 1998.
Lau, A.K.L., ‘Recent Developments in Corporate Governance in the United Kingdom’, BRC Papers on China Series, No. CP 98010, School of Business, HKBU, July 1998.
Lau, A.K.L., ‘Chinese HK Residency Explain’, Asia Law, June/July 1997, pp. 31-35.
Lau, A.K.L., ‘Immigration Overview’, Hong Kong Lawyer, January 1998, p. 19.
Lau, A.K.L., ‘A Study on the Nationality Issues of Hong Kong Residents’, Proceedings of the HKSARPRC International Conference, Hong Kong, 7-9 July 1997.
Lau, P.T.Y., ‘Auditor’s Professional Liability: Recent Developments in Hong
Kong', International Accountants, 1998, 2:29-31.
Department of Economics
* Chan, H.L. and (Lee, S.K.), 'Modelling and Forecasting the Demand for Coal in China', Energy Economics, Elsevier Science, July 1997, 19(3):271-288.
Chan, H.L. and Li, S.K.,〈中國省份差異 與經濟發展〉論文，發表於第二屆 《當代中國經濟改革和社會發展研討 會》，香港浸會大學中國研究課程與 北京清華大學人文社會科學院合辦， 1998年5月11-12日，香港。
* Cheng, Y.S., (Lu, W. and Findlay, C.), 'Hong Kong's Economics Relationship with China', Journal of Asia Pacific Economy, January 1998, 3(1):104-130.
Cheng, Y.S., 'Hong Kong Economy: Prospects After the 1997 Handover,, Economic Briefing Report, The South Australia Centre for Economic Studies, Adelaide University and Finders University, July 1997, 15(2):77-84.
Cheng, Y.S., 'Hong Kong', Asia Pacific Profiles 1998, Asia Pacific Economics Group, Financial Times, May 1998, pp.133-161.
Cheng, Y.S.,〈中國縣際收入差距分析〉論 文，發表於第二屆《當代中國經濟改 革和社會發展研討會》，香港浸會大 學中國研究課程與北京清華大學人文 社會科學院合辦，1998年5月11-12 日,香港。
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

247
* Hung, W.S. and (Cheung, D.W.W.), 'The International Transmission of US, Eurodollars and Asian Dollar Interest Rates: Some Empirical Evidence', Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, May 1998, 6(1-2):77-86.
* Hung, W.S. and Sinha, D.K., 'Is There a Term Length Bias in Cointegration Studies of Interest Rates? An Investigation of one-month and one-year Rates in Some Pacific Rim Countries', Chinese Finance Association Conference Proceedings, National Central University, Taiwan, 15-16 May 1998, pp. 55-65.
Hung, W.S.,〈外資投資對中國的宏觀經 濟增長及技術進步的貢獻:綜合省市的 實証研究〉論文，發表於第二屆《當 代中國經濟改革和社會發展研討 會》，香港浸會大學中國研究課程與 北京清華大學人文社會科學院合辦＞ 1998年5月11-12日，香港。
Hung, W.S. and Sinha, D.K., 'The Effect of Duration of Maturity on Cointegration of Interest Rates: An Investigation of one-month and one-year Rates in Some Pacific Rim Economics', Paper presented at The 6th Conference on Pacific Business, Economics and Finance, Hong Kong, 28-29 May 1998.
Lam, K.C. and (Liu, P.W.), 'Job Search, Wage Offers and Recontracting: Effect on Wage and Consumption Profiles', Working Paper, No.73, Economics Department, CUHK, July 1996, pp. 1-28.
* Lam, K.C., 'Outmigration of US Immigrants', Applied Economics,
(Routledge), September 1996, 28(9):1167-1176.
Lam, K.C. and (Liu, P.W.), 'Earnings Divergence and Assimilation of Immigrants,, Working Paper, No.83, Economics Department, CUHK, August 1997, pp. 1-35.
* Lam, K.C. and (Liu, P.W.),《移民與香港 經濟》香港：商務印書館，1998年6 月，共198頁。
(McCann, D.P.) and Lam, K.C., 'Morality in the Market Place: Resources for Business Ethics from the Study of Premodern Western and Confucian Philosophy', Paper presented at the International Conference on Economic Ethics and the Economic and Social Development in Today's China , South East University, Nanjing, China, 22-27 June 1998.
* (Fare, R.) and Li, S.K., 'Inner and Outer Approximations of Technology: A Data Envelopment Analysis Approach', European Journal of Operational Research, 1998, 105:622-625.
Li, S.K. and Ng, Y.C., 'Measuring the Efficiency of a Group of Heterogeneous Production Units: A Case of the Public Hospitals in Hong Kong', BRC Working Papers Series, No. WP97035, School of Business, HKBU, December 1997.
Li, S.K. and Mo, P.H.,〈國有企業的生產 效率和資源配置的跨行業比較〉，載 《當代中國經濟改革和社會發展研討 會論文集》，清華大學出版社，1997 年 11 月，頁 204-216。
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

248
* (Rhine, S.L.W.) and Ng, Y.C., 'The Effect of Employment Status in Private Health Insurance Coverage: 1977 and 1987', Health Economics, 1998, 7:63-79.
Ng, Y.C., Li, S.K. and Tsang, S.K., 'Incidence of Surplus Labor and the Economic Performance of Villages in Rural China', BRC Papers on China Series, No. CP98008, School of Business, HKBU, May 1998.
Ng, Y.C., 'The Effect of Overeducation and Undereducation on Earnings: Evidence from Hong Kong', BRC Working Papers Series, No.WP98002, School of Business, HKBU, February 1998.
Ng, Y.C. and Li, S.K., 'Measuring the Research Performance of Chinese Higher Education Institutions: An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis', BRC Papers on China Series, No. CP97007, School of Business, HKBU, July 1997.
* Tang, S.H., 'Hong Kong: Revenue Policy Under the British Administration,, Asia-Pacific Journal of Taxation, 1997, 1(3):81-113.
* Tang, S.H., 'Budgetary Guidelines and Fiscal Performance in Hong Kong', International Journal of Public Sector Management, 1997, 10(7):547-571.
* Tang, S.H., 'Hong Kong: Is the 1998/99 Budget Over Conservative?', Asia-Pacific Journal of Taxation, Spring 1998, 2(1):90-104.
Tang, S.H.,〈回歸後香港政府的財政政策 前瞻〉，載《港澳價格信息》，1998 年第1期，頁4-6。
* Tang, S.H., 〈香港九七/九八預算案：利 民紆困，自強不息〉，載《廣東財 政》，1998年第3期，頁37-38。
* Tang, S.H.,〈香港財政儲備制度之演 變〉，載《廣東財政》，1998年第4 期，頁 40-41。
* Tong, C.S.P., 'Industrial Production Efficiency and Its Spatial Disparity Among the TVEs: A DEA Analysis', Singapore Economic Review, 1998, 41(2):207-217.
Tsang, S.K. and Tang, S.H.,〈外資對中國 經濟的作用：初步的計量分析〉，載 《當代中國經济改革和社會發展研討 會論文集》，清華大學出版社，1997 年11月，頁37-55。
* Tsang, S.K. and (Ma, Y.), 'Simulating the Impact of Foreign Capital in an Openeconomy Macroeconomic Model of China', Economic Modelling, 1997, 14(3):435-478.
* (Barandiaran, E.) and Tsang, S.K., 'One Country, Two Currencies: Monetary Relations between Hong Kong and China' in : Warren I. Cohen and Li Zhao (Eds.), Hong Kong under Chinese Rule: The Economic and Political Implications of Reversion, Cambridge University Press, 1997, pp. 133-154.
* (Ma, Y.), Tsang, S.K. and Tang, S.H., 'The Impact of the China Factor on the pre-1997 Hong Kong Economy: a Macroeconometric Analysis', International Review of Applied Economics, 1998, 12(1):89-106.
* Tsang, S.K., 'The China Factor in Hong Kong's Economic Development,, in :
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

249
Chris Yeung (Eds.), Hong Kong, China: The Red Dawn, Prentice Hall, 1998, pp. 81-98.
Tsang, S.K..〈從亞洲金融危機看香港及 內地對應之道〉論文，發表於第二屆 《當代中國經濟改革和社會發展研討 會》，香港浸會大學中國研究課程與 北京清華大學人文社會科學院合辦) 香港，1998年5月11-12日。
* Tsang, S.K., 'The Case for Adopting the Convertible Reserve System in Hong Kong', Pacific Economic Review, 1998 (accepted for print).
* Tsang, S.K., 'Inertia, Resistance and Forced Innovation: A Longer View of China's Recent Financial Reforms', International Journal of Public Administration, 1998, 21(9):1323-1362.
Zhang, X.,〈中國的二元經濟結構與前 景〉，收入在張慕津，鄧樹雄等編' 《當代中國經濟改革與社會發展》， 清華大學出版社，北京，1997 (頁 95-105 。
Zhang, X. and Hung, W.S.,〈外資是廣東 經济增長的發動機〉，收入在張難 生，許寧英主編《粤港經貿關係新發 展》，廣東人民出版社'廣東， 1997 •頁 108-123。
Zhang, X., 'The Development of Non-state Owned Enterprises in China and its Impact', Proceedings on International Conference on China's Ownership Reform and Its Influence on Economic Development, China Economic Research Center, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, the University of Macau, 16-17 March 1998.
Zhang, X., ‘A Paradox of Rural Urban Income Distribution in China’, Paper presented at the 2nd International Conference on China’s Economic Reform and Social Development, HKBU, 12-13 May 1998, Hong Kong.
* Zhang, X. and (Ho, BY.), ‘Determinants of Hong Kong Manufacturing Investment in China’, Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 1998, 16(4):260-267.
* (Yang, H.) and Zhang, X., ‘Can China Feed Itself vs. How Should China Feed Itself’, JETRO (Japan External Trade Organisation), China Newsletter, 1998, 5(136):2-7.
Department of Finance and Decision Sciences
Chan, D.Y.K. and (Lee, R.S.K.), ‘The International Relationship of Interest Rates between Eurodollar and Domestic US Dollars’, Hong Kong Economic Journal, July 1997.
Chan, D.Y.K. and (Chan, D.K.L.), ‘The Determinants of Market Bid Ask Spreads on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong’, Hong Kong Economic Journal, August 1997.
Chan, D.Y.K. and (Fong, W.K.), ‘Hang Seng Index Future Volatility Around the Hong Kong Stock Exchange Close’, Hong Kong Economic Journal, September 1997.
Chan, D.Y.K., ‘The Advantage and Disadvantages of Margin Trading’,
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

250
Hong Kong Economic Journal, February 1998.
Chan, D.Y.K. and (Leung, J.H.L.), 'The Effect of Hong Kong & Shanghai Bank Merged Midland Bank', Hong Kong Economic Journal, March 1998.
Chang, M.K., 'Predicting Unethical Behavior: A Comparison of the Theory of Reasoned Action and the Theory of Planned Behavior,, Journal of Business Ethics, 1997, (accepted for print).
* Chow, W.S., 'A Practical Approach in Implementing an Expert Support Personal Loan System,, International Journal of Management, 1997, 14(3):405-416.
* Chow, W.S., 'The Use of Internet Technology in Hong Kong', Paper presented at Pan Pacific Conference XV, Seoul, Korea, 1-3 June 1998, pp. 245-347.
* Chow, W.S. and (Lui, K.H.), 'Comparitive Assessment to a Better Performance of Information Systems', in: M.A. Younies and S. Eid (Eds), Paper presented at 22nd International Conference on Computers and Industrial Engineering, Cairo, Egypt, 20-22 December 1997, pp. 455-458.
Fung, J.K.W. and (Lau, Y.W.),〈穩定港元 息口避免樓價急瀉〉，載《香港經濟 日報》，1997年11月26日。
Fung, J.K.W. and (Lau, Y.W.),〈舒緩息口 保障民生〉，載《香港經濟日報》， 1997年12月18日。
* Fung, J.K.W., (Cheng, L.T.W. and Chan, K.C.), 'The Intraday Pricing Efficiency
of Hong Kong Hang Seng Index Options and Futures Markets’, Journal of Futures Markets, 1997, 17(7):797-815.
* Fung, J.K.W. and Fung, A.K.W., ‘Mispricing of Index Futures Contracts: A Study of Index Futures versus Index Options’, The Journal of Derivatives, Winter 1997, 5(2):37-45.
* Fung, J.K.W., (Chan, K.C. and Cheng, L.T.W.), ‘Ownership Restriction and Stock Price Behavior in China’, Paper presented at the 5th Conference on Pacific Basin Business, Economics and Finance, Singapore, 10-11 July 1997 and the 1997 Financial Management Association Annual Meeting, Honolulu, Hawaii, 15-18 October 1997.
* Fung, J.K.W. and Jiang, L., ‘Restrictions on Short-Selling and Spot-Futures Dynamics’, Paper presented at the 4th Annual Conference of the Asia Pacific Finance Association, Kuala Lumpur, 14-16 July 1997, and the 1997 Financial Management Association Annual Meeting, Honolulu, Hawaii, 15-18 October 1997.
* Fung, J.K.W., (Chan, K.C. and Cheng, L.T.W.), ‘The Impact of Index Options Trading on the Constituent Stock’, Paper presented at the 4th Annual Conference of the Asia Pacific Finance Association, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 14-16 July 1997.
Fung, J.K.W. and Fung, A.K.W., ‘Restrictions on Short-Selling and Mispricing of Index Options Contracts’, BRC Papers on Financial Derivatives and Investment Strategies, No. FDP
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

251
97008, School of Business, HKBU, August 1997.
Ho, S.K.M., 5-S: The Key to Improve your Quality and Productivity, HKSAR Industry Department & HKBU, March 1998, 88 pages.
Ho, S.K.M.(Ed.), Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on ISO 9000 and TQM - Theme: Change for the Better, HKBU, April 1998, 650 pages.
* Ho, S.K.M., ‘Are ISO 9000 and TQM Routes to Logistics Excellence?’, Journal of Logistics Information Management, MCB, UK, 1997, 10(6):275-283.
* Ho, S.K.M., ‘Workplace Learning: The 5-S Way’, Journal of Workplace Learning, MCB, UK, 1997, 9(6): 185-191.
* Ho, S.K.M., ‘An ISO9000 - TQM Model for Achieving Excellence in EQ A’, Quality, Innovation & Prosperity Journal, Slovak Union for Quality, Innovation and Design, Slovakia, January 1998, pp. 1-6.
* Ho, S.K.M., ‘5-S Practice: A New Tool for Industrial Management’, Industrial Management & Data Systems, MCB, UK, 1998, 98(2):55-62.
* Ho, S.K.M. & (Augustyn, M.), ‘Service Quality and Tourism’, Journal of Travel Research, Sage Publications, USA, August 1998, 37(1 ):71-5.
* Ho, S.K.M., ‘Management of Change and the World Cup 98’, Journal of Strategic Change, J. Wiley & Sons, UK, 1998, 7(2):139-147.
Ho, S.K.M., ‘International Best Practice in Quality Management’, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Quality Management, Monash University, Victoria, Australia, February 1998, pp. 44-53.
Ho, S.K.M., ‘Change for the Better via ISO 9000 and TQM’, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on ISO 9000 and TQM, HKBU, April 1998, pp. 7-14.
Ho, S.K.M. and (Ng, S.), ‘Business Transformation Strategy for SMEs’, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on ISO 9000 and TQM, HKBU, April 1998, pp. 130-137.
Ho, S.K.M. and (Chan, R.), ‘5-S Practice: The Hong Kong Experience’, Quality & Management, HKQMA Journal, February 1998, 12:27-36.
Ho, S.K.M., ‘3rd International Conference on ISO 9000 and TQM Special Editorial’ (in Chinese), Hong Kong Economic News, 3 April 1998, p. A35.
Ho, S.K.M., ‘5-S Lead Auditor Training Course Special Editorial’ (in Chinese), Hong Kong Economic News, 16 April 1998, p. B18.
Ho, S.K.M., ‘How to Win the World Cup ‘98?’ (in Chinese), Sports Champion, Hong Kong, 26 June 1998, 389:84-86.
* (Ho, S.), Jiang, L. and (Kim, J.B.), ‘Shareholdings by Financial Institutions, Information Asymmetry, and the Temporal Return-Earnings Relation in Japan’, Paper presented at 6th Conference on Pacific Basin Business,
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

252
Economics and Finance, Hong Kong, 3 June 1998.
* Jiang, L. and (Kim, J.B.), ‘Cross Corporate Holding, Information Asymmetry and Usefulness of Accounting Performance Measures’, Paper presented at the 10th Annual Conference of Accounting Academics, Hong Kong, 17 June 1998.
(Kwan, J.W.C.), Lam, K., (So, M.K.P. and Yu, P.L.H.), ‘Forecasting and Trading Strategies Based on a Price Trend Model’, BRC Papers on Financial Derivatives and Investment Strategies, No. FDP 97010, School of Business, HKBU, October 1997.
* Lam, K. and (Yam, H.C.), ‘CUSUM Techniques for Technical Trading in Financial Markets’, Financial Engineering and the Japanese Markets, 1997,4:257-274.
* Lam, K. and (Zhang, X.S.), ‘Optimizing The Ex-Post Trading Profits in a Financial Market’, OR Transactions, 1997, 1(1 ):1-13.
Lam, K. and Mak, B.S.C., ‘Estimating the Total Profit of Short Positions in a Futures Market’, BRC Papers on Financial Derivatives and Investment Strategies, No. FDP 97013, School of Business, HKBU, December 1997.
Lam, K. and Mak, B.S.C.,'恒生期貨淡 倉獲利知多少’，BRC Papers on Financial Derivatives and Investment Strategies, No. FDP 97014, School of Business, HKBU, December 1997.
Lam, K. and (Yam, H.C.), 'From Quality Control to Technical Trading',
Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on ISO 9000 and Total Quality Management, HKBU, 14-16 April 1998.
Lam, K., ‘Intraday Price Movements of the Hang Seng and S&P 500 Futures -Random Walk or Overreaction?’, Paper presented at Recent Developments in Derivative Securities Markets - An International Workshop, Hong Kong, 6-8 June 1998.
* (Chong, K.S.) and Lam, K., ‘Cost Comparison of a Spectrum of SelfOrganising Rules’, Journal of Applied Probability, 1997, 34:583-592.
* (Choi, D.F.S.) and Lam, K., ‘Intraday and Interday Volatility Patterns in HSIF Contracts’, Advances in Pacific Basin Financial Markets, 1998, IV:93-115.
* (So, M.K.P.), (Li, W.K.) and Lam, K., ‘Multivariate Modelling of Volatility by the Autoregressive Random Variance Process’, Journal of Time Series Analysis, July 1997, (18)4:429-446.
(So, M.K.O.), Lam, K. and (Li, W.K.), ‘An Empirical Study of Volatility in Seven Southeast Asian Stock Markets Using ARV Models’, BRC Papers on Financial Derivatives Investment Strategies Series, No. FDP 97002, School of Business, HKBU, 1997.
(Wong, May C.M.) and Lam, K., ‘General Mean Reversion Process and New Tests’, BRC Papers on Financial Derivatives and Investment Strategies Series, No. FDP 97004, School of Business, HKBU, 1997.
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

253
(So, M.K.P.), Lam, K. and (Li, W.K.), ‘A Stochastic Volatility Model with Markov Switching’, BRC Papers on Financial Derivatives and Investment Strategies, No. FDP 97009, School of Business, HKBU, October 1997.
* (Yu, P.L.H.) and Lam, K., ‘How to Predict Election Winners from a Poll’, Journal of Applied Statistics, 1997, 24(l):ll-23.
* (Yu, P.L.H.) and Lam, K., ‘Regression Estimator in Ranked Set Sampling’, Biometrics, 1997, 53:1070-1080.
(Draper, R), Mak, B.S.C. and Tang, G.Y.N., ‘The Derivative Warrant Market in Hong Kong: Relationships with Underlying Assets’, BRC Papers on Financial Derivatives and Investment Strategies, No. FDP 97012, School of Business, HKBU, December 1997.
* Shi, X. and (Gibson, H.), ‘Business Dispute Management: Its Theoretical Development and Significance to Managers’, Journal of General Management, Summer 1997, 22(4):76-92.
* Shi, X. and (Xia, H.), ‘Interactive Bi-Level Multi-Objective Decision Making’, Journal of Operational Research Society, 1997, 48:943-949.
Shi, X. and (Westwood, R. I.), ‘International Business Negotiation in the Chinese Context’, Proceedings of Research Conference on Management and Organizations in China, HKUST, January 1998, Section 4, pp. 1-15.
* Tang, G.Y.N. and (Kwok, J.K.H.), ‘Day of the Week Effect in International Portfolio
Diversification: January vs NonJanuary’, Japan and the World Economy, 1997, 9(3):335-352.
* Tang, G.Y.N., ‘Weekly Pattern in Higher Moments: An Empirical Test in Hong Kong Stock Market’, Journal of Economics and Finance, 1997,21 (1 ):51 -59.
* Tang, G.Y.N., ‘The Intertemporal Stability of the Covariance and Correlation Matrices of Hong Kong Stock Returns’, Applied Financial Economics, 1998, 8:359-365.
* Tang, G.Y.N., ‘Portfolio Effect on Daily Stock Returns Across Industrial Sectors: An Analysis of DOW Effect’, Paper presented at the 5th Conference on Pacific Basin Business, Economics and Finance, Singapore, 10-11 July 1997.
* Tang, G.Y.N., ‘Are Stock Index Futures More Volatile than the Cash Index: An Interday and Intraday Analysis from an Emerging Market’, Proceedings of the 4th JAFEE International Conference on Investments and Derivatives, Tokyo, Japan, 30-31 July 1997, pp. 520-559.
* Tang, G.Y.N., ‘Co-movement Pattern of Daily Stock Returns: An Analysis of DOW and January Effects’, Paper presented at the 6th Conference on Pacific Basin Business, Economics and Finance, Hong Kong, 28-29 May 1998.
* Tang, G.Y.N. and (Lam, Sufan K.M.), ‘The Risk Behavior of Firms Approaching Bankruptcy in Hong Kong’, Advances in Pacific Basin Financial Markets, 1997, 3:257-269.
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

254
* Wong, B.K. and (Bodnovich, T.), ‘A Bibliography of Genetic Algorithm Business Applications Research: (1990-June 1996)’, Expert Systems: International Journal of Knowledge Engineering and Neural Networks, May 1998, 15(2):75-82.
* Wong, B.K. (Bodnovich, T. and Selvi, Y.), ‘Neural Network Applications in Business: A Review and Analysis of the Literature (1988-1995)’, Journal of Decision Support Systems, 1997,19:301-320.
* Wong, B.K. and (Li, W.X.), ‘Business Process Reengineering: An International Company's Experience’, Proceeding of the 3rd International Conference on ISO 9000 & TQM, Hong Kong, 1998, pp. 144-149.
Wong, B.K., ‘What is an MIS?’, Hong Kong Commercial Daily (in Chinese), May 1997.
Wong, B.K., ‘Expert Systems and its Implications to Management’, Hong Kong Commercial Daily (in Chinese), July 1997.
Wong, B.K., ‘Disaster Recovery and its Implications to Management’, Hong Kong Commercial Daily (in Chinese), August 1997.
Wong, B.K., ‘Neural Networks and its Implications to Management’, Hong Kong Commercial Daily (in Chinese), October 1997.
Wong, B.K., ‘What Top Management Should Do in the Development of Epert
Systems’, Hong Kong Commercial Daily (in Chinese), December 1997.
Wong, B.K., ‘Expert Systems in Manufacturing’, Hong Kong Commercial Daily (in Chinese), December 1997.
Wong, B.K., ‘Hospital Information Systems Development’, Hong Kong Commercial Daily (in Chinese), January 1998.
Wong, B.K., ‘Information Systems Quality’, Hong Kong Commercial Daily (in Chinese), March 1998.
Wong, B.K., ‘Lotus Notes’, Hong Kong Commercial Daily (in Chinese), May 1998.
Wong, B.K., ‘Hospital Information System Analysis Approach’, Hong Kong Commercial Daily (in Chinese), May 1998.
* Wong, T.C.K., ‘Business Process Reengineering in the Public Sector: Case from Hong Kong’, Paper presented at the 15th Annual International Conference, Association of Management and the International Association of Management, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 6-9 August 1997.
Department of Management
* Aryee, S., Luk, V., and Stone, R.J., ‘Familyresponse Variables and Retentionrelevant Outcomes Among Employed Parents’, Human Relations, March 1998, 51:73-87.
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

255
* Chiu, R.K., Luk, V., (White, G. and Druker, J.), ‘Paying Their Way: A Comparison of Managerial Reward Systems in the HK & London Banking Industries’, Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 1998,36(1):54-71.
* Chiu, R.K., and (Kosinski, F.), ‘Effects of Positive and Negative Affectivity on Job Satisfaction and Stress of HK Employers’, International Journal of Management, 1998, 15(l):45-50.
* Chiu, R.K., (Wong, M. and Kosinski, F.), ‘Confucian Values and Conflict Behavior of Asian Managers: A Comparison of Two Countries’, Social Behavior and Personality, 1998, 26(1):11-22.
* Chiu, R.K. and (Stembridge, A.), ‘Exploring Managerial Success Factors of Chinese Managers: A Comparison Between Mainland and HK Chinese Males’, Career Development International, 1998,3(2):67-74.
Chiu, R.K., ‘Employee Involvement in a TQM Programme: Problems in Chinese Firms in HK’, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on ISO9000 & TQM, HKBU, 1998.
Chiu, R.K., Luk, V, (White, G. and Druker, J.), ‘Pay Policy and Wage Determination in HK and Guangdong: A Case of Regional Convergence?’, Proceedings of 1998 IERA Conference, University of Wollongong, Australia, 1998.
Chiu, R.K., and (Stembridge, A.), ‘How Do HK Fulltime Employees Select a Part-Time MBA Programme’, Proceedings of the 1998 Annual Conference of the
Society for Advance Management, Texas A&M University, United States, 1998.
Chiu, R.K., and (Fong, D.), ‘Best Practice of Developing Quality Workforce of the 21st Century: HR and EAP Partnership’, Paper presented at the 1997 HK Institute of HRM Annual Conference, Hong Kong, 1998.
Chiu, R.K., and Luk, V, ‘Reward Systems for Local Staff in China’ in: Selmer, J. (Ed.). International Management in China: Cross-cultural Issues, London: Routledge, 1998, pp. 137-151.
* Ebrahimi, B.P., ‘Motivation to Manage in Hong Kong: Modification and Test of Minor Sentence Completion Scale - H’, Journal of Managerial Psychology, 12(6):401-414.
Ebrahimi, B.P., ‘Managerial Motivation and Sex Roles in Hong Kong’, Paper presented at Academy of Management Meetings, Boston, MA, U.S.A., 8-13 August 1997.
Ebrahimi, B.P., ‘Environmental Scanning Behavior of Hong Kong Executives: Is Political Uncertainty a Myth?’, Paper presented at International Conference on the Transition to HKSARPRC, Hong Kong, 7-9 July 1997.
* Erdener, C.B., (Whitcomb, L.L. and Li, C.), ‘Business Ethical Values in China and the US’, Journal of Business Ethics, 1998, 17:839-852.
* Erdener, C.B., ‘Confucianism and Business Ethical Decisions in China’, International Journal of Management, 1998, 15(l):72-78.
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

256
* Erdener, C.B., and (Torbiorn, L), ‘Staffing and Training Practice in International Firms’, Paper presented at Conference on International HRM, Germany, June 1998.
Erdener, C.B., and (Yeh, R.S.), ‘Sex and Sex Role Identity: A Cross-cultural Analysis of Ethical Thinking in China, Hong Kong and the US’, Proceedings of Conference on International HRM, Germany, June 1998.
Erdener, C.B., and (Shapiro, D.), ‘Multinational Enterprise Theory and the Chinese Family Firm’, Proceedings of International Conference on Business Relations between China and Europe, Zhongshan University and Ecole Superieur de Commerce - Lyon, Guangzhou, China, 29-31 October 1997.
Erdener, C.B., and (Torbiorn, I.), ‘Managing Across Economic and Cultural Systems: A Transaction Costs Analysis and Recommendations’, Paper presented at the 4th International Conference on Multi-Organizational Partnerships and Co-operative Strategy, Balliol College, Oxford University, England, 8-10 July 1998.
* Erdener, C.B., and Etheredge, J., ‘Ethical Decision Patterns: Cultural and Subcultural Influences’, in: G. Enderle (Ed.), International Business Ethics: Challenges and Approaches, Hong Kong University Press, 1998.
Erdener, C.B., and Luk, V., ‘An Annotated Bibliography of Management Research on China’, Paper presented at Academy of Management 1997 Annual Meeting, 1997, pp.1-22.
Erdener, C.B., Lo, S. and Lau, A., ‘Entrepreneurship and Marketing Ethics: An analysis of Ethical Decisions of Chinese Entrepreneurs in Hong Kong’, Paper presented at UIC/AMA Annual Research Symposium on Marketing and Entrepreneurship, 12-13 June 1998.
Francesco, A.M. and (Gold), International Organizational Behavior, Prentice-Hall, 1998.
Francesco, A.M. and (Gold), Instructor's Manual for IOB, Prentice-Hall, 1998, pp. 441-444.
Francesco, A.M. and (Keck), ‘The Careless Collaborators’ in: Francesco & Gold (Eds), International Organizational Behavior, Prentice-Hall, 1998, pp. 478-481.
Francesco, A.M. and (Anakwe), ‘International Awareness Survey’ in: Francesco & Gold (Eds), International Organizational Behavior, Prentice-Hall, 1998, pp. 561-564.
* Leung, A., and (Westwood, R.), ‘Between Dogma & Reality: Women and Employment in China’, International Employment Relations Review, 1997, 3(l):109-127.
* Leung, A., (Westwood, R. and Ngo, R.I.), ‘Between Patriarchy and Opportunity: Women and Employment in Hong Kong’, International Employment Relations Review, 1997, 4(2): 109-129.
Leung, A., ‘Women and Employment in China’, in Stone R.J. (Ed.), Human Resource Management, John Wiley & Sons, 1997,3:322-330.
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

257
Leung, A., ‘The Failed Revaluation: Barier to Female Transformation in China’, Proceedings of International Conference on Transformations: Thinking Through Feminism, Institute of Women's Studies, Lancaster University, July 1997.
* Li, J., (Koh, K.L. and Hia, H.S.), ‘The Effects of Inter-leadership on HRM in Singapore Banking Industry’, Journal of Human Resource Management, October 1997, 8(5):710-719.
* Li, J., (Ngin, P. and Hia, H.S.), ‘Female Leadership Style in South East Asia Countries’, The Management Development Journal of Singapore, 1997, 7(l):37-45.
* Li, J., (Fang, Y. and Fang, Y), ‘Expatriate Management of Singapore Companies in China’, Journal of International Trade, 1997, 11(4):22-38.
* Moy, J.W., and (Tjosvold, D.), ‘Managing Employees in China from Hong Kong: Interaction, Relationships and Productivity as Antecedents to Motivation’, Leaders hip and Organization Development Journal, 19(3):147-156.
* Moy, J.W., (Lam, K.F. and Choo, E.U.), ‘An Experimental Comparison of Some Recently Developed Linear Programming Approaches to the Discriminant Problem’, Computers and Operations Research, 1997, 24(7):593-599.
* Moy, J.W., (Lam, K.F. and Choo, E.U.), ‘Deriving the Partial Values in MCDM by Goal Programming Approaches to the
Discriminant Problem’, Annals of Operational Research, 1997, 24(7):593-599.
Moy, J.W., (Tjosvold, D. and Sasaki), ‘Teamwork for Developing Productivity and Commitment in Japanese Organizations in Hong Kong’, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference of ISO9000 & Total Quality Management, HKBU, April 1998, pp.251-159.
* Selmer, J., (Ed.) International Management in China: Cross-cultural Issues, London: Rouledge, 1998.
* Selmer, J., Vikings and Dragons: Swedish Management in Southeast Asia, The David C. Lam Institute for East-West Studies, HKBU, 1997.
* Selmer, J., ‘Book Review: Vikings and Mandarins: Sino-Scandinavian Business Cooperation in Cross-cultural Settings’, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 1998, 9(1):231-233.
* Selmer, J., ‘The Expatriate Manager in China: a Research Note’, Human Resource Management Journal, 1998, 8(l):80-86.
* Selmer, J., ‘Succession Procedures for Expatriate Chief Executives’, Human Resource Management Journal, 1997, 7(3):80-88.
Selmer, J., ‘Cross-cultural Training for International Managers’ in: Stone, R.J. (Ed.), Readings in Human Resource Management, Brisbane: John Wiley & Sons, 1997.
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

258
Selmer, J., ‘Birds of a Feather...? Overseas Chinese Expatriate Managers in the People’s Republic of China’, Proceedings of Management and Organization in China: A Research Conference, HKUST, 15-17 January 1998.
Selmer, J., ‘Which is Easier: Adjusting to a Close or a Distant Culture? - The Experience of Western and Ethnic Chinese Expatriate Manages in the People's Republic of China’, Paper presented at the International Management Division at the 1997 Academy of Management Annual Meetings, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A., 10-13 August 1997.
Selmer, J., ‘Adjustment Issues Managers Face in Moving between Hong Kong and the PRC Mainland’, Paper presented at the Symposium Managerial Adaptation in a Transitional Economy: China, at the 1997 Academy of Management Annual Meetings, Boston, Massachustetts, U.S.A., 10-13 August 1997.
Selmer, J., ‘Problem Focused vs. Symptom Focused Coping Strategies of Western Expatriate Managers in Hong Kong and the PRC Mainland’, BRC Papers on Cross-Cultural Management, No. CCMP 98005, School of Business, HKBU, February 1998.
Selmer, J., ‘Effects of Coping Strategies on Sociocultural and Psychological Adjustment of Western Expatriate Managers on the PRC Mainland’, BRC Papers on Cross-cultural Management, No. CCMP 98004, School of Business, HKBU, February 1998.
Selmer, J., ‘Corporate Career Development Assistance to Expatriate Business Managers’, BRC Papers on Cross-Cultural Management, No. CCMP 98003, School of Business, HKBU, February 1998.
Selmer, J., ‘Which is Easier for Western Business Expatriates: Adjusting to Hong Kong or the PRC Mainland’, BRC Papers on Cross-Cultural Management, No. CCMP 98002, School of Business, HKBU, January 1998.
Selmer, J., ‘Where are the “China Hands”? Sociocultural and Psychological Adjustment of North American vs. Western European Managers in the PRC Mainland’, BRC Papers on Cross-Cultural Management, No. CCMP 98001, School of Business, HKBU, January 1998.
Selmer, J., ‘The Willing Expatriate Career Candidates: Some Clues in Finding Them’, BRC Papers on Cross-Cultural Management, No. CCMP 97014, School of Business, HKBU, December 1997.
Selmer, J., ‘Who are the “New” Expatriates: Personal Characteristics and Service Records’, BRC Papers on Cross-Cultural Management, No. CCMP 97013, School of Business, HKBU, December 1997.
Selmer, J., ‘Corporate Expatriate Policy, Expatriates’ Personal Intentions and International Adjustment’, BRC Papers on Cross-Cultural Management, No. CCMP 97012, School of Business, HKBU, December 1997.
Selmer, J., ‘Culture Shock? Western
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

259
Expatriate Business Managers Adjusting to Life and Work in the Chinese Mainland’, BRC Papers on Cross-Cultural Management, No. CCMP 97011, School of Business, HKBU, October 1997.
Selmer, J., and (Ling, E.S.H.), ‘East Street: Adjustment of Mainland PRC Business Managers in Hong Kong’, BRC Papers on Cross-Cultural Management, No. CCMP 9701, School of Business, HKBU, July 1997.
Selmer, J., ‘Introduction: Cross-cultural Management in China’ in: Selmer, J. (Ed.), International Management in China: Cross-Cultural Aspects, London: Routledge, 1998.
Selmer, J., ‘Strategic HRM: Western Expatriate Managers in China’, in: Selmer, J. (Ed.), International Management in China: Cross-Cultural Aspects, London: Routledge, 1998.
Selmer, J., ‘Conclusions: Current Issues and Emerging Trends’ in: Selmer, J., (Ed.), International Management in China: Cross-Cultural Aspects, London: Routledge, 1998.
Sinha, D.K., ‘Menucost as Investment in Productivity’, Altantic Economics Journal, March 1998, 26:117.
Sinha, D.K., (Murthy and Ramchandr), ‘Economics and Strategy’, Economic and Political Weekly, 1997,32(48):M78-M82.
Stone, R.J., Human Resource Management, John Wiley & Sons, 1998.
Stone, R.J., Readings in Human Resource Management, John Wiley & Sons, 1998.
Stone, R.J. and (Wong, G.), ‘Chinese and Western Negotiator Characteristics: A Preliminary Study of Stereotypes’ in: Selmer, J. (Ed.), International Management in China: Cross Cultural Issues, 1998, pp. 207-222.
Department of Marketing
* Chan, A.K.K. and (Dandurand, L.), ‘A Structured Analysis of Technology Usage in Marketing Planning: Chinese Managers’, International Journal of Management, March 1998, 15(l):35-44.
* Chan, A.K.K. and Huang, Y.Y., ‘Chinese Brand Naming: From General Principles to Specific Rules’, International Journal of Advertising (Special Issue on “Advertising in the People’s Republic of China”), November 1997, 16(4):320-335.
* Chan, A.K.K. and Huang, Y.Y., ‘Brand Naming in China: A Linguistic Approach’, Marketing Intelligence and Planning, August 1997, 15(5):227 -234.
* Chan, A.K.K., (Naidu, G.M. and Prasad, K.), ‘Emergence of China in the International Tourism Industry: Major Factors and Trends’, Proceedings, China International Business Symposium, Shanghai, China, 27 - 29 May 1998, 2:303-311.
Chan, A.K.K., (Au, A.K.M. and Tse, A.C.B.), ‘Business Ethics of University Professors
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

260
in China - A Preliminary Analysis', BRC Working Papers Series, No. WP 98006, School of Business, HKBU, March 1998.
Chan, A.K.K., (Au, A.K.M. and Tse, A.C.B.), 'Antecedents and Business Ethics of Chinese Students - An Exploratory Study', BRC Working Papers Series, No. WP 98005, School of Business, HKBU, March 1998.
Chan, A.K.K., (Au, A.K.M. and Tse, A.C.B.), 'Business Ethics and Behavioral Predisposition of University Students -A Chinese Perspective', BRC Working Papers Series, No. WP 98004, School of Business, HKBU, March 1998.
* Fook, N.Y.M. and (Wilson, R.M.S.), 'Modeling Market Orientation: An Application in the Education Sector', Journal of Marketing Management, May 1998, 14:293-323.
* Fook, N.Y.M. and (Lau, C.P.), 'A Study of Training and Development Practices in the People's Republic of China', China Report, January 1998, 34(1):47-67.
* Fook, N.Y.M. and (Li, Y.J.),〈中外合資企 業管理？人力資源的開發與用户導 向〉，載《經濟發展研究》，華東理 工大學工商經濟學院，1997年12 月，第一至二期合刊，頁48-51。
* Fook, N.Y.M. and (Hui, S.Y.),〈中國傳統 文化與現代城市消費的決策方式〉， 載《97'華夏文化與現代管理國際學術 研討會》，香港城市大學，1997年12 月，頁 219-229。
* Fook, N.Y.M., (Palmer, A.J. and Mayer, R.), 'Adapting Database Marketing to the
Chinese Marketing Environment: A Study of Antecedents of Success’, The Academy of Marketing Conference Proceedings, Manchester Metropolitan University, United Kingdom, July 1997, pp. 1659-1661.
Fook, N.Y.M. and (Glover, L.), ‘Barriers to Effective Managerial Practices in the Management of Change: Some Evidence from China’, BRC Papers On China, No. CP 98004, School of Business, HKBU, March 1998.
Fook, N.Y.M. and (Palmer, A.J.), ‘The Effects of Trust and Status on Database Marketing in China’, BRC Papers On China, No. CP 98003, School of Business, HKBU, March 1998.
Fook, N.Y.M. and (Woo, K.S.), ‘Service Quality Perceptions and Market Segmentation in Protestant Churches’, BRC Working Papers Series, No. WP97033, School of Business, HKBU, November 1997.
Fook, N.Y.M. and (Palmer, A.), ‘Assessing the Opportunities and Constraints for Database Marketing in International Business’, BRC Working Papers Series, No. WP 97034, School of Business, HKBU, November 1997.
Lee, B.Y.Y., Fook, N.Y.M. and (Dickinson, J.R.), ‘Temporal Stability of the Multidimensional Ethics Scale’, BRC Working Papers Series, No. WP98007, School of Business, HKBU, March 1998.
* Liu, S.S.M. and (Cheng, M), ‘Implication of Product Nature on Pioneer Marketing for Multinational Firms Entering
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

261
Pharmaceutical Market in China’, Proceedings of the 7th Annual World Business Congress, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, 3-7 June 1998, pp. 163 - 168.
* Liu, S.S.M., ‘Integrating Lifelong Learning in University Management’, Paper presented at a conference on “Towards the Global University: Strategies for the Third Millennium”, Tours, Loire Valley, France, 7 - 10 April 1998.
* Liu, S.S.M. and (Tang, R.Y.W.), ‘Recent Changes in Business Accounting in China’, Proceedings for 8th World Congress of International Association for Accounting Education and Research (IAAER), Paris, France, October 1997, pp. 23-25.
Liu, S.S.M. and (Cheng, M.), ‘Implications of Product Nature on Pioneer Marketing for Multinational Firms Entering Pharmaceutical Market in China’, BRC Papers On China, No. CP 98005, School of Business, HKBU, March 1998.
Liu, S.S.M., ‘A Taxonomy of Contexts for Managing a Contemporary University’, BRC Working Paper Series, No. WP 97027, School of Business, HKBU, October 1997.
Liu, S.S.M., (Cheng, K., Williams, G. and Tang, G.), ‘Higher Education Quality in Hong Kong: The Stakeholders’ Perspective’, BRC Working Paper Series, No. WP 97028, School of Business, HKBU, October 1997.
Liu, S.S.M. and (Cheng, K.), ‘Development of Quality Ethos for Teaching in Higher
Education’, BRC Working Paper Series, No. WP 97029, School of Business, HKBU, October 1997.
* Prendergast, G., ‘Psychology, Marketing and Eating Disorders: Integrating the Evidence from the Literature’, Asia Pacific Advances in Consumer Research, May 1998,3:1-6.
* Prendergast, G., (Marr, N. and Jarratt, B.), ‘Retailers’ Views of Shopping Centres: A Comparison of Tenants and NonTenants’, International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, May 1998, 26(4): 162-171.
* Prendergast, G. and (Thompson, E.), ‘Cynical Segmentation of Environmental Markets: The Product of Marketers’ Dispositions or Corporate Demands?’, Journal of Euromarketing, February 1998, 6(4): 17-34.
* Prendergast, G. and (Marr, N.), ‘Generic Products: Who Buys Them and How Are They Perceived?’, Journal of International Consumer Marketing, September 1997, 9(4):55-72.
* Prendergast, G., (Berthon, P. and Pitt, L.), ‘Packaging, the Environment, and European Legislation: Marketing’s Response’, Journal of Euromarketing, September 1997, 6(2):75-98.
* Prendergast, G. and (Marr, N.), ‘Generic Products: A Macro and Micro View’, Journal of Product and Brand Management, July 1997, 6(2):93-108.
Prendergast, G., Shi, Y.Z., and (West, D.), ‘The Advertising Client-Advertising
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

Agency Relationship: Theoretical Foundations and Research Requirements’, Proceedings of China International Business Symposium, Shanghai, China, May 1998.
Prendergast, G. and (Phau, I.), ‘Contemporary Perspectives of the Asian Conspicuous Consumer: An Agenda of Research Propositions’, BRC Working Paper Series, No. WP 98009, School of Business, HKBU, June 1998.
Prendergast, G. and (Phau, I.), ‘Counterfeit Products: Riding the Waves into the New Millennium’, BRC Working Paper Series, No. WP 98008, School of Business, HKBU, June 1998.
Prendergast, G. and (Phau, I.), ‘Country of Origin of Brand and Hybrid Products: An Asian Perspective’, BRC Working Paper Series, No. WP98003, School of Business, HKBU, March 1998.
Prendergast, G. and (Chan, C.), ‘The Effectiveness of Exterior Bus Advertising’, BRC Working Paper Series, No. WP 98001, School of Business, HKBU, January 1998.
Prendergast, G. and (Thompson, E.), ‘Cynical Segmentation of Environment Markets: The Product of Marketers’ Dispositions or Corporate Demands?’, BRC Working Paper Series, No. WP 97028, School of Business, HKBU, October 1997.
Prendergast, G. and Shi, Y.Z., ‘The Advertising Client-advertising Agency Relationship: Theoretical Foundations and Research Requirements’, BRC Working Paper Series, No. WP 97023,
School of Business, HKBU, October 1997.
Prendergast, G., ‘Marketing Communication Equals Marketing’, BRC Working Paper Series, No. WP 97025, School of Business, HKBU, September 1997.
Prendergast, G. and (Marr, N.), ‘Comparative Advertising: Is it Effective for Both High and Low Involvement Products?’, BRC Working Paper Series, No. WP 97024, School of Business, HKBU, September 1997.
Prendergast, G. and (Marr, N.), ‘Retailers’ Views of Shopping Centres: A Comparison of Tenants and NonTenants’, BRC Working Paper Series, No. WP 97022, School of Business, HKBU, September 1997.
* Shi, Y.Z., Chinese Firms and Technology in the Reform Era, London: Routledge, June 1998, 186 pp.
* Shi, Y.Z., ‘Technology Assets and Foreign Direct Investment: The Case of China’, Proceedings of The 7th International Conference on Management of Technology, Orlando, USA, February 1998, pp. 81-90.
Shi, Y.Z. and Prendergast, G., ‘The Advertising Client-Advertising Agency Relationship: Theoretical Foundations and Research Requirements’, BRC Working Paper Series, No. WP 97023, School of Business, HKBU, October 1997.
Shi, Y.Z., Siu, W.S. and Chan, A.K.K., ‘An Overview of International Business Education in China: Past Development
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff
262

263
and Present Status’, BRC Papers on China, No. CP 9801 1, School of Business, HKBU, June 1998.
* Siu, W.S., ‘Integrating Internet Resources into Marketing Research Curriculum and Instruction’, Marketing Education Review, July 1997, 7(Summer, 2):41-52.
* Siu, W.S., ‘Machiavellianism and Retail Banking Executives in Hong Kong’, Journal of Managerial Psychology, March 1998, 13(l-2):28 - 37.
* Siu, W.S. and (Kirby, D.A.), ‘Approaches to Small Firm Marketing: A Critique’, European Journal of Marketing, March 1998, 32(l-2):40-60.
* Siu, W.S., (Tsoi, T.M.), ‘Nutrition Label Usage of Chinese Consumer’, British Food Journal, March 1998, 100(l):25-29.
* Siu, W.S. and (Chan, C.H.), ‘Country-of-origin Effects on Product Evaluations: The Case of Chinese Consumers in Hong Kong’, Journal of International Marketing and Marketing Research, October 1997, 22(3): 115-122.
* Wang, C.C.L., ‘An Experimental Investigation of the Moderating Role of the Connectedness-separateness Self Schema in Cross-Cultural Advertising’, Enhancing Knowledge Development in Marketing, Chicago: American Marketing Association, August 1997, pp. 40-41.
* Wang, C.C.L., ‘China's Multilevel Marketing in a Globalized Market’, Paper presented at China International
Business Symposium, Shanghai, China, May 1998, pp. 337-342.
SCHOOL O F
COMMUNICATION
Department of Cinema and Television
Cheuk, P.T., 'King Hu and His Cinematic Aesthetic',載《胡金全電影全集》，黃 仁先生編，台灣電影史研究學會。(In press)
Cheuk, P.T., 'A Pioneer in Film Language: On King Hu's Style of Editing', Law Kar (ed), Transcending the Times: King Hu and Eileen Chang, March 1998.
Lo, W.L.,〈布萊希特在香港〉。紀念布 萊希特誕辰百周年研討會，北京， 1998年5月。
Lo, W.L.,〈從李鐵幾套代表作看五十年 代粤語社會社實電影的社群空間〉第 二屆華語電影研討會，台北，1978 年5月。
Ng, C.B, 'King Hu and the Aesthetics of Space', Law Kar (ed), Transcending the Times: King Hu and Eileen Chang, March 1998.
Rohdie, S., [Translation] Giorgio De Vincenti, 'The Early Cinema of Jean Renior and the Idea of Authorship', Metro, No.lll, 1997.
Rohdie, S., 'Geography, Photography, Cinema', Royal Geographical Society (HK), Hong Kong, 19 December 1997.
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

264
Rohdie, S., ‘Il giudizio della critica anglosassone’, in Lino Micciche (ed.), Il Gattopardo Bianco e Nero: Roma, 1997.
Rohdie, S., ‘Le dive e le donne’, in David Bruni e Veronica Pravadelli (ed.), Studi Viscontiani, Marsilio: Venezia, 1997.
Rohdie, S., ‘Les Archives de la planete’, paper presented at the East-West Communication Conference, Hong Kong, 19 November 1997.
Rohdie, S., ‘Pasolini, A Cinema of Poetry’, Pasolini Film Retrospective, Hong Kong Arts Centre, October 1997.
Rohdie, S., [Translation] Jacques Ranciere, ‘The Words of the History of the Cinema’, Metro, No.110, 1997.
Yeh, Y.Y, ‘Adapting Western Musicals to the Chinese Screen: Singing Women in Chinese Cinema of the 1940s’, paper presented at the International Convention of Asia Scholars, Leidon, the Netherlands, 25-28 June 1998.
Yeh, Y.Y, ‘The Celluloid Jukebox: An Introduction to the Special Topic on Film and Popular Music’, Multimedia 92, 12-14 (Chinese), January 1998.
Yeh, Y.Y, (Shen, H.Y, Lin, W.C. and Li, C.Y), Panel Discussion on ‘Goodbye, South, Goodbye’, Chung Wai Literary Monthly, March 1998, 26(10): 65-73 (Chinese).
Yeh, Y.Y, ‘The Moving (Illusory) Sound-Vision: Notes on the Special Topic of the Golden Horse Film Festival’, Free Times, Literary Supplement, 23 November 1997, p.41 (Chinese).
Yeh, Y.Y, ‘Nativism and Global Culture: Identity Politics in New Taiwan Cinema’, paper presented at the Seminar on the 20th Anniversary of the Controversy on Nativist Literature, China Times and Chungfeng Foundation, Taipei, 24-26 October 1997.
Yeh, Y.Y, ‘Policy Film and the Construction of Official Nationhood’, Special Programs on Taiwanese Film, Taipei: 1997 Taipei Golden Horse Film Festival, pp.64-72 (English and Chinese).
Yeh, Y.Y, ‘When East Meets West: Sexual and Racial Politics in the World of Suzie Wong’, Film Appreciation, 1997, 15(3):40-45 (Chinese).
Department of Communication Studies
Anderson, B.D., ‘Explaining Ourselves: The Cultural Discourse of Hong Kong Family Myths’, paper presented at the 3rd Annual Conference of David C. Lam Institute of East-West Studies, HKBU, 18 November 1997.
Anderson, B.D., ‘Updating the Old Argument about New Values: Predictable Changes’, paper presented at the Journalism and Social Change in Asia Conference, HKBU, 2-4 June 1998.
Chan, K.W., ‘Book Review: Writing For Multimedia’, Media Digest, June 1998, p.18.
Chan, K.W., ‘Children's Response to Television Advertising in Hong Kong’, paper presented at the conference
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

265
organized by English Department, CityU, 3 April 1998.
Chan, K.W., ‘Chinese Consumers’ Attitudes Toward Pharmaceutical Advertising’, In D. H. Smith (Ed.), Working papers on Health Communication and China, The David C. Lam Institute for East-West Studies, HKBU, 1997, pp. 188-208.
Chan, K.W., ‘Cultural Values in Hong Kong Advertising’, paper presented at the East-West Communication: Challenges for the New Century - Conference organized by David C. Lam Institute for East-West Studies, HKBU, 17-19 November 1997.
Chan, K.W., ‘Exploratory Study on Causal Framing of Environmental News in Hong Kong’, paper presented at the Journalism and Social Change in Asia Conference, Journalism Department, HKBU, 2-4 June 1998.
Chan, K.W., ‘How To Improve The Competitiveness of Macau’s Tourism Industry’, Macau Magazine, December 1997, pp.27-30.
Chan, K.W., ‘Kids: They May Be Little, But They Know What They Like ...’, Media, 17 October 1997, p.16.
Chan, K.W., ‘Mass Communication and Pro-environmental Behaviour: Waste Recycling in Hong Kong’, Journal of Environmental Management, 1997, 52(4):317-325.
Chan, K.W., ‘Medical Choice and Attitudes Toward Pharmaceutical Advertising of The Chinese Consumers’, paper presented at the Speech Communication
Association 1997 Convention, Chicago, U.S.A., 20-23 November 1997.
Chan, K.W., ‘Television Advertising in the Eyes of Hong Kong Children’, Media Digest, January 1998, pp.6-7.
Chan, K.W., ‘Television Advertising Regulation in Hong Kong and China’, in Joseph M. Chan, Leonard L. Chu, Zhongdang Pan (Eds.), Mass Communication and Market Economy, Hong Kong, Lo Fung Learned Society, 1997, pp.103-114.
Chan, K.W., ‘What do Children Learn from TV Advertising’, Ming Pao, 28 July 1997, p.E7.
Chen, L., (Krone K. and Xia H.), ‘Approaches to Managerial Influences in the People's Republic of China’, The Journal of Business Communication, 1997, 34:289-315.
Chen, L., ‘Culture and Family/Marital Relationships: A Cross-cultural Perspective’, paper presented at the NCA Annual Conference, Chicago, November 1997.
Chen, L., ‘Formulations in the Initial Encounter: Conversational Construction of Native-native Speakers and Native-nonnative Speakers Interactions’, paper presented at the Intercultural Communication Association Annual Conference, Jerusalem, Israel, July 1998.
Chen, L., ‘Intercultural Communication in a Globalized USA: Perspectives, Approaches, Methodology and Practise’, paper presented at the NCA Annual Conference, Chicago, November 1997.
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
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266
Chen, L., (Krone K., Sloan D.K., and Gallant L.M.), ‘Managerial Emotionality in Chinese Factories’, Management Communication Quarterly, 1997, 11:6-50.
Chen, L. and (Kobayashi E.), ‘Noncompliance and Perceived Threats of Shame and Embarrassment: A Cross-cultural Study of Subordinates in Japanese and United States Organizations’, paper presented at the NCA Annual Conference, Chicago, November 1997.
Chen, L., ‘Perceptions of Interaction and Communication Satisfaction: A Study of Initial Intercultural Dyadic Communication’, paper presented at the 3rd Annual Conference, the David C. Lam Institute for East-West Studies, HKBU, November 1997.
Chen, L., ‘Repair in the Initial Encounter: A Comparison of Dyadic Conversation Dyadic Conversation of Native-native Speakers and Native-nonnative Speakers’, paper presented at the 15th Intercultural Communication Conference, Miami, USA, February 1998.
Chen, L., ‘Verbal Adaptive Strategies in US American Dyadic Conversations with US American or East-Asian Partners’, Communication Monographs, 1997, 64:302-323.
Elliott, C., ‘Asia Through Time: Asian News in Time International, 1975-1995’, paper presented at the Journalism and Social Change Conference, Hong Kong, 2-4 June 1998.
Elliott, C., ‘Asian Values and the Vietnamese Press: An Analysis of the Saigon Giai Phong’, paper presented at the 3rd Annual Conference of the David C. Lam Institute, East-West Communication: Challenges for the News Century, Hong Kong, 17-19 November 1997.
Elliott, C., ‘Bystanders at the Revolution: A Profile of Non-Users of Computer-Mediated Communication in Hong Kong Universities’, paper presented at the 1997 AEJMC Conference, Chicago, Illinois, 31 July 1997.
Elliott, C., ‘Defining Development News Values: An Examination of Press Releases from the New China News Agency’, In Bryce McIntyre (Ed.), Mass Media in the Asian Pacific, Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters Ltd., 1998, pp.72-84.
Elliott, C., ‘E-papers in Asia: News Flows and the Computer-Mediated Press’, paper presented at the AMIC 7th Annual Conference, Bangkok, Thailand, 21-23 May 1998.
Elliott, C., ‘Flows of News from the Middle Kingdom: An Analysis of International News Releases from Xinhua’, In Quaver (Eds.), The Global Dynamics of International News, Studies in International News Coverage and News Agendas, Norwood, N. J.: Ablex Publishing, 1998.
Elliott, C., ‘Individualism and Collectivism in Representations of Sports: A Comparison of China Sports and Sports Illustrated’, paper presented at China’s Second Symposium on Intercultural
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

267
Communication, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 10-15 October 1997.
Elliott, C., ‘Through the Dragon’s Eyes: News of the United States in the Press Releases of the New China News Agency’, paper presented at the 1997 AEJMC Conference, Chicago, Illinois, 2 August 1997.
Lai, L.C.H., ‘Film and Enigmatization: Nonsense, Nostalgia and Remembering’, anthologized in At Full Speed: Hong Kong Cinema in the Transitional Era, edited by Esther C. M. Yau, a new cover on HK Cinema, University of Minnesota Press, 1998.
Lai, L.C.H., ‘Orality in the Context of Hong Kong Film History’, Hong Kong Film Archive Newsletter no.2, December, 1997.
Lai, L.C.H., ‘Technology of Self-care in Hong Kong’, anthologized in Young Paper Around the Globe: Cross-cultural Youth Studies, co-edited by Toby Miller, May Joseph and Gordon Tait, University of Minnesota Press, 1997.
Martin, E.F., Jr. and Wilson, G.B., ‘Attitudes Toward Media Freedoms as Hong Kong Becomes China’, paper presented at the 80th Annual Convention, Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Chicago, July-August, 1997.
Martin, E.F., Jr., ‘Corporate Reputation and Brand Equity Management’, paper presented at the International Conference “Ideas That Matter: Management Communication in the 21st Century.”
Palm Beach, Florida, 26-28 May 1998.
Martin, E.F., Jr., ‘Creativity in Advertising and Public Relations’, paper presented at the Sales and Marketing Executives, International Seminar, Beijing, 24-25 April 1998.
Martin, E.F., Jr., ‘Cultural Adaptation for Individual Materialism Scales’, paper presented at the 3rd Annual Conference of David C. Lam Institute of East-West Studies, HKBU, 18 November 1997.
Martin, E.F., Jr., and Wilson, G.B., ‘Expression Inhibition in Hong Kong During the Transition to 1997: An Update’, paper presented at the International Political Science Association XVII World Congress, Seoul, Korea, August, 1997.
Martin, E.F., Jr., ‘Hong Kong, China: Media Window to the World’ in News Traditions and Transitions: Asia Media Forum, Arlington, VA: The Freedom Forum, 1997, 18:16-17.
Martin, E.F., Jr., ‘Integrated Marketing Communication for China’, paper presented at the Sales and Marketing Executives, International Seminar, Beijing, 20-21 March 1998.
Martin, E.F., Jr., ‘Marketing substitutes for Tiger Bone and Musk: Using Socially Responsible Consumption Values in Hong Kong’, paper presented at the 1st International Symposium on Endangered Species Used in Traditional East Asian Medicine: Substitute for Tiger Bone and Musk, Hong Kong, 7 December 1997.
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

268
Martin, E.F., Jr., 'Trends in Consumer Behavior in China', paper presented at the Sales and Marketing Executives, International Seminar, Beijing, 3-4 April 1998.
Martin, E.F., Jr. and Wilson, G.B., 'Where and When Do You Feel Comfortable Speaking Your Mind?: Expression Inhibition in Hong Kong', paper presented at the 80th Annual Convention, Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Chicago, July-August 1997.
Ng, K.H.N., Interactive Games and Electronic Floor-plan for Jackie Chan “Who Am I” exhibition, HKCEC, 1 January 1998.
Ng, K.H.N., 'Quick Time Virtual Reality Authoring Studio', International Designers' Network, 1998, 5(1):66-69.
Ng, K.H.N.,〈造夢工程一淺談多媒體敎 育〉The Telecommunication Handbook, Li Ho (Ed.),香港三聯出版社，1998。
Ng, R.M.C., 'The Influence of Collectivism -Individualism on Persuasion and Social Influence in Chinese and American Cultures', in D. R. Heisey & Wenxiang Gong (Eds.), Communication and Culture: China and the World Entering the 21st Century, Rodopi Editions, Amsterdam, 1998.
Ng, R.M.C., The Influence of Confucianism on Chinese Conceptions of Power, Authority, and The Rule', paper presented at the Annual Conference of National Communication Association, New York, USA, 1998.
Ng, R.M.C., ‘The Influence of Confucianism on Chinese Persuasion - The Past, The Present, and The Future’, paper presented at the Conference of the Pacific and Asian Communication Association, Sapporo, Japan, 1998.
Powers, J., ‘Conflict Genres and Management Strategies during China’s “Ten Years of Turmoil”’, Intercultural Communication Studies, December 1997, 7(l):121-140.
Powers, J., ‘Hong Kong Students’ Response to Post-1997 Human Rights Questions: An Analysis of Computer Mediated Discourse’, paper presented at the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication Annual Convention, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 30 July - 2 August 1997.
Powers, J., ‘Preaching to the Congregation: The South China Morning Post’s Front Page Coverage of the Pre-handover Period (June 1997)’, paper presented at the 3rd Annual Conference of the David C. Lam Institute for East-West Studies: East-West Communication - Challenges for the New Century, Hong Kong, 17-19 November 1997.
Powers, J., ‘The Symbolic Presentation of “Teachers” in Hong Kong’s Daily Newspapers’, paper presented at the World Communication Association Annual Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica, 27-31 July 1997.
Powers, J., ‘Telling Mr. Tung’s Story: Analyzing the News Discourse about the HKSAR'S First Chief Executive’s PreHandover Actions’, paper presented at
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
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269
the Conference on The Hong Kong Transition to Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China (SARPRC), Hong Kong, 7-9 July 1997.
Powers, J., ‘Women’s Narratives of the Cultural Revolution’, paper presented at the Feminism and Rhetoric(s) Conference: From Boundaries to Borderlands. Portland, Oregon, USA, 28-30 August 1997.
Ruidl, R., ‘Communication Tactics for Brand Awareness and Brand Attitude’, paper presented at the Sales and Marketing Executives, International Seminar, Beijing, 3-4 April 1998.
Ruidl, R., ‘Establishing Marketing Relationships: What Personal Data are Customers Willing to Disclose about Themselves?’ paper presented at the 21 st General Assembly and Scientific Conference of the International Association for Media and Communication Research (IAMCR), Sociology and Social Psychology Section, Glasgow, Scotland, 26-30 July 1998.
Ruidl, R., ‘Five Key Areas of Crisis Communication: Hong Kong Practitioners State Their Views’, paper presented at the 3rd Annual Conference of David C. Lam Institute of East-West Studies, HKBU, 17-19 November 1997.
Ruidl, R., ‘Planning for Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC)’, paper presented at the Sales and Marketing Executives, International Seminar, Beijing, 20-21 March 1998.
Ruidl, R., ‘What Professional Communicators Say About Organizational Creativity: Lessons from Hong Kong’, paper presented at the Second Symposium on Intercultural Communication, Beijing, China, 11-14 October 1997.
Sheer V. and (Cox, M.E.), ‘Risk Factors for Smoking Among Men in the People’s Republic of China’, International Communication Association, Savannah, GA, 1997.
Sheer, V., ‘Use of Tobacco-Related Information Sources Among Men in the People’s Republic of China’, paper presented at the 3rd Annual Conference of David C. Lam Institute of East-West Studies, 17-19 November 1997, HKBU.
Wilson, G.B. and Martin, E.F., Jr., ‘Attitudes Toward Media Freedoms as Hong Kong Becomes China’, paper presented at the 80th Annual Convention, Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Chicago, July-August, 1997.
Wilson, G.B. and Martin, E.F., Jr., ‘Expression Inhibition in Hong Kong During the Transition to 1997: An Update’, paper presented at the International Political Science Association XVII World Congress, Seoul, Korea, August, 1997.
Wilson, G.B., ‘Freedom of Expression in Hong Kong Under “One Country, Two Systems”’, paper presented at the New Generation Seminar, East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, Hong Kong, 13 October 1997.
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

Wilson, G.B. and (Kim, M.S.), 'A Test of a Cultural Model of Deceptive Communication', paper presented at the Conference on Interdisciplinary Theory and Research, Fullerton, CA, USA, 20 March 1998.
Wilson, G.B. and Martin, E.F., Jr., 'Where and When Do You Feel Comfortable Speaking Your Mind?: Expression Inhibition in Hong Kong', paper presented at the 80th Annual Convention, Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Chicago, July-August, 1997.
Wong, W.S.Y., 'One Language, Three Systems: Chinese Typography in Advertising in China, Hong Kong and Taiwan', paper presented at the 3rd Annual Conference of David C. Lam Institute of East-West Studies, 17-19 November 1997, HKBU.
Wong, W.S.Y. and (Cuklanz L.M.), 'Trends in Ideological Themes in Hong Kong's Public Service Announcement Campaigns,, paper presented at the National Communication Association Summer Convention, Rome, July 1998.
Xiao, X., 'The Chinese Organic Views and a Rhetorical Mission to Liberate the Mind', paper presented at the 11th Biennial Conference of the International Society for the History of Rhetoric (ISHR), Saskatoon, Canada, 24 July 1997.
Xiao, X., 'The Rhetoric of the Early Chinese Scientologiest,, National Communication Association (NCA), Chicago, USA, 22 November 1997.
Department of Journalism
Chen, Y.H., 'Political and Economic Changes in Hong Kong since the Handover', paper presented at the Conference on the Developments and Prospects of Hong Kong as SAR, New York, 3 July 1998.
Clarke, J., 'Satellite Broadcasting in East and Southeast Asia', paper delivered to HKBU Journalism Department's conference, Journalism and Social Change in Asia, Hong Kong, 2-4 June 1998.
Chu, L., Yu, X. and (Duo, Z.), 'A Comparative Study of Journalism Education in Hong Kong', paper presented at the Annual Conference of Chinese Communication Society, Taipei, Taiwan, 29-30 June 1998.
* Guo, Z. and (Chen H.),，An Analysis of the Revenue Gap in Advertising Market Shares among Party and Mass Appeal Newspapers', Mass Communication Research (in Chinese), 1998, 57:5-26.
* Guo, Z. and (Moy, P.), 'Media or Medium: Models of Prediction of Media's Impact on Political Sophistication', International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 1998, 10(10):26-50.
* Guo, Z., (McLeod, J., Sotiravic, M., Vbakes, P., and Huang, S.), 'A Model of Public Support for First Amendment Rights', Journal of Communication Law and Policy, 1998, 3(4):479-514.
* Guo, Z. and (Chen, H.), 'Opposites Apart: Explaining Differential Revenues
270
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

271
between China’s Party and Mass-appeal Newspapers’, Asian Journal of Communication: Special Issue on Media Advertising, 1998, 8(2):70-99.
Guo, Z. and (Chen, H.), ‘A Political Economic Analysis of the Advertising Stagnation of Provincial Party Institutional Newspapers’, Journalism University Quarterly (in Chinese), 1998 summer, 56:18-25.
Guo, Z. (eds.) and (Chen, H.), ‘Segregation of China's Print Media Advertising Occupancy’, New Theory of Media in China, 1998, Hong Kong: Pacific Press, pp.305-330.
Guo, Z., ‘Understanding Trends in Print Media in China’, paper presented at the Annual Conference of Chinese Communication Society, Taiwan, June 1998.
* Hamlett, T., ‘Reference to Sun Tzu in American Newspapers’, paper presented at the Conference on Journalism and Social Change in Asia, June 1998.
Huang, Y. and Yu, X., ‘Broadcasting and Politic: Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television’, USA, 1997, 17(4):563-574.
Huang, Y, ‘An Analysis of an Award Report’, in: Nip, J(Ed.) Collection of Hong Kong Award News Reports and Commentary, Hong Kong: Sub-Culture Press, 1997, pp. 331-333.
Huang, Y, Lu, D. and Yu, X., ‘On Common Language Errors and Reporting Problems in Hong Kong Chinese
Newspapers，，(并非吹毛求疵-香港中 文報章的語言與報道問題評析)，Joint Publishing (Hong Kong),三聯書店(香 港)，1998, 320 pages.
Huang, Y., (Hao, X. and Zhang, K.), Tree Market v.s Political Control in China: Convenience or Contradiction?', Media Development, January 1998, pp. 35-38.
Huang, Y., Lu, D. and Yu, X., 'Language Misuse in News Reporting: A Content Analysis of Hong Kong Chinese Newspapers', Chinese Language Review, Hong Kong, December 1997, 54:55-60.
Huang, Y., Lu, D. and Yu, X., 'Misuse and Errors of Language: A Case Study of News Reporting in Hong Kong Newspapers', Chinese Language Studies 《中國語文》1998, 1:48-55.
Huang, Y. and Yu, X., 'Towards Media Democratization: The Chinese Experience and a Critique of Neoauthoritarian Model', Journal of China Report, Sage. 1997, 33(3):313-333.
Lee, A.Y.L., 'Cultural Identity Crisis Instigated by Foreign Media Representation: Lessons from Canada's Media Education Movement', paper presented at the Annual Conference of the Chinese Communication Society, Taipei, Taiwan, 28-31 June 1998.
Lee, A.Y.L., 'Information Literacy: Meeting the Technological Challenge of the 21 st Century,, paper presented at the 3rd Conference of the David C. Lam Institute for East-West Studies, Hong Kong, 17-19 November 1997.
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
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272
Lee, A.Y.L., ‘Media Education: Response to Communication Technology Changes’, Media Digest, November 1997, pp. 4-5 (in Chinese).
* Lee, A.Y.L., ‘Media Technology Perspectives and their Curriculum Implications for Media Education’, Canadian Journal of Educational Communication, 25(3):209-234.
Lee, A.Y.L., ‘New Social Curricula in Postindustrial Society: The Case of Media Education as a Compulsory School Program’, paper presented at the Annual Conference of the Hong Kong Educational Research Association, Hong Kong, 15-16 November 1997.
Lee, A.Y.L., ‘The Puzzle of Amoeba: Journalistic Surveillance and Social Responsibility’, in J. Nip (Ed.), Anthology of the Hong Kong Best News Writing Awards and Commentaries, 1993-94, Hong Kong: Sub-culture Press, 1997, pp. 66-68 (in Chinese).
Lee, A.Y.L., ‘When MBAs Rule the Newsroom’, Media Digest, February 1998, p.18 (in Chinese) (book review).
Nip, J.Y.M., (Ed.) An Anthology and Critique of Award-Winning Hong Kong Press Articles (1993, 1994) [Chinese]. Hong Kong: Subculture Ltd.
Nip, J.Y.M. and (Lam, W.M.), ‘I am the Eldest Daughter’, in Tsang, G.Y. & Ng, C.H. (Ed.). Tears and Laughter: Oral History of Elderly Women. [Chinese]. Hong Kong: Association for the Advancement of Feminism.
Nip, J.Y.M., ‘Quality Sub-editing Improves News Reports’, in Nip, J.Y.M. (Ed.). An Anthology and Critique of Award-Winning Hong Kong Press Articles (1993, 1994) [Chinese], Hong Kong: Subculture Ltd., pp. 254-256.
* Nip, J.Y.M., ‘Shifting Political Power and News Sources: The case in Hong Kong’s Political Transition’, Asia Pacific Media Educator, 3 July-December 1997, pp. 49-69.
To, Y.M., ‘Colonial Rule and Press Freedom: The Experience of Hong Kong’, paper presented to the Conference on Journalism and Social Change in Asia, pp.287-302.
* To, Y.M., ‘Economic Freewheeling in Political Straitjacket: the Fledgling Media Market in China’, in Alan B. Albarran and Sylvia Chan (eds.) Global Media Economics, Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1998, pp. 266-283.
To, Y.M., ‘Holding Your Feeling Afresh and Witnessing History’, in: Witnessing the Handover, Ed. by Yuen Chan. Hong Kong: Step Forward Multi-media, 1997, pp. 4-6 (in Chinese).
* To, Y.M. and (Lau, T.Y.), ‘Media Trade or Cultural Invasion ? An Analysis of the Discourse on Media Imperialism Based on the Overseas Business Strategies of Hong Kong Television Broadcasts Limited’, Mass Communciation Research, No.57, National Chengchi University, Taiwan, July 1998, pp.77-89.
To, Y.M., ‘Overcoming Official Barrier: The Only Way to Gain Understanding of
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273
China’, in J. Nip (Ed.), Anthology of the Hong Kong Best News Writing Awards and Commentaries, 1993-1994. Hong Kong: Sub-Culture Press, 1997, pp. 119-120. (in Chinese)
Yu, X., Huang, Y. and Lu, D.H., ‘An Analysis of Some Common Headline Problems in Hong Kong’s Newspapers’ (in Chinese), Journalism University, Winter, December 1997, pp. 43-45.
Yu, X., ‘Comment on an Award-winning Story in Ming Pao’, in: An Anthology of Award-winning Press Article - 1993-94 (edited by YM. Nip), Hong Kong: Subculture Publishing House, November 1997, pp. 167-168.
Yu, X., Chu, L. and (Duo, Z.Q.), ‘A Comparative Study of Journalism Education in Hong Kong’, Journalism & Communication, January 1998, 1:21-33.
Yu, X. and Huang, Y, ‘Ethical Problems Facing the Hong Kong News Media: An Analysis from the Perspective of Accented Market Hegemony Paradigm’, Mass Communication Research, July 1997, 55:224-243.
Yu, X., Huang, Y. and Lu, D.H., ‘Language Misuse in Hong Kong’s Chinese Press’, in: Writing for College Students: Teaching and Research (Ed.: Li Xuemin), PolyU, June 1998, pp. 369-380.
Yu, X., Huang, Y. and Lu, D.H., ‘On Standardization of Language Use in Hong Kong’s Chinese Newspapers’ (in Chinese), Ming Pao Monthly, November 1997, pp. 35-43.
FACULTY OF SCIENCE
Department of Biology
Leung, W.N. and Pang, K., ‘Experimental Studies on Hypoglycaemic Effects and Mechanisms of Ganoderma Lucidum Spore Extract in Diabetic Rats’, Pharma. And Clines Chinese Materia Medica, (1998), 14(5):17-19.
Chen, J.Y, Mak, N.K., Wen, J.M., Leung, W.N., Chen, S.C., Fung, M.C. and Cheung, N.H., ‘A Comparison of the Photodynamic Effects of Temoporfin (mTHPC) and MC540 on Leukemia Cells: Efficacy and Apoptosis’, Photochem. Photobiol., (1998), 68:545.
Zhu, R.L. and So, M.L., ‘A New Species of Otolejeunea (Hepaticae, Lejeuneaceae) from the Philippines’, Systematic Botany, 1998, 23 (2): 231-234.
(Grolle, R.) and So, M.L., ‘Notes on Sect. Caducilobae (Plagiochila) in East Asia’, Systematic Botany (in press).
Zhu, R.L. and So, M.L., ‘Reappraisal of Cololeheunea Reineckeana', Steph., C. ceratilobula (P. C. Chen) R. M. Schuster and C.formosana Mizut. Taxon, 1998, 47:839-842.
(Grolle R.) and So, M.L., ‘Plagiochila Caulimammilosae, a Peculiar New Species from Yunnan, China’, J. of Bryology, 1998, 20:41-49.
So, M.L. and Zhu. R.L., ‘On Six Species of the Genus Lejeunea in China, Including
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

274
One New Species’, The Brylogist, 1998, 101(l):137-143.
* (Chan, D.K.O.) and Wong, C.K.C., ‘Functional Partition of Chloride and Pavement Cells in the Eel Gill Epithelium’, Fish Physiol. Biochem., 1997, 17: 405-413.
* Wong, C.K.C., (Ho, M.A.) and (Wagner, G.F.), ‘The Co-localization of Stanniocalcin Protein, mRNA and Kidney Cell Markers in the Rat Kidney’, J. Endocrin., 1998, 158: 183-189.
Fang, M„ Wong, J.W.C., Li,. G.X. and Wong, M.H., ‘Changes In Biological Parameters During Co-composting of Sewage Sludge and Coal Ash Residues’, Biores. Technol., 1998, 64:55-61.
Wong, J.W.C., Fang, M. and Wong, M.H., ‘Lime Amendment on Availability of Heavy Metals and Maturation in Sewage Sludge Composting’, Environ. Pollution., 1998, (in press).
Fang, M. and Wong, J.W.C., ‘Effect of Composting on Speciation and Availability of Heavy Metal During Solid Waste Compost: A Review’, Shanghai J. of Environ. Sci. (In Chinese), 1998, (in press).
Wong, J.W.C., Lai, K.M., Fang, M. and Ma, K.K., ‘Effect of Sewage Sludge Amendment on Soil Microbial Activity and Nutrient Mineralization’, Environ. Inti., 1998, 24:93 5-943.
Wong, M.H. and Wong, J.W.C., ‘Environmental Health of Sewage Sludge Recycling, with Emphasis on
Land Application’, Proceedings of the Inti. Symposium on Soil, Human and Environment Interactions, (Z.H. Cao Eds), China Science & Technology Press, Beijing, 1998, pp. 223-236.
Wong, J.W.C., Jiang, R.F. and Su, D.C., ‘The Accumulation of Boron in Agropyron Elongatum Grown in Coal Fly Ash and Sewage Sludge Mixture’, Water Air and Soil Pollution, 1998, 106:137-147.
Wong, J.W.C., ‘Coal Fly Ash Stabilized Sewage Sludge for Land Application’, Proceedings of the 12th Annual Residuals and Biosolids Management Conference, Water Environment Federation, Bellevue, Washington, U.S.A., 12-15 July 1998,
* (Ye, Z.H., Baker, A.J.M.), Wong, M.H. and (Willis, A.J.), ‘Zinc, Lead and Cadmium Accumulation and Tolerance in Typha Latifolia as Affected by Iron Plaque on the Root Surface’, Aquatic Botany, 1998, 61:55-67.
* (Zhang, Z.Q.), Wong, M.H., (Nie, X.P. and Lan, C.Y.), ‘Effects of Zinc (Zinc Sulfate) on Rhizobia-Earleaf Acacia (Acacia Auriculaeformis) Symbiotic Association’, Bioresource Technology, 1998,64:97-104.
* Wong, M.H., ‘Landfill; Leachates, Landfill Gas’, in Encyclopedia of Environmental Science, Alexander, D.E. & R.W. Fairbridge (Eds.). Chapman & Hall, New York, 1998, (in press).
* Wong, M.H. and Yang, M.S., ‘Perspectives of Environmental Pollution in Densely Populated Areas: The Case of Hong
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

275
Kong, in: Advances in the Environmental Science - Remediation of Degraded Soils and Groundwaters, Vol. 4: Worldwide Perspectives on Soil and Groundwater Pollution: Asia, Africa and Oceania’, Huang, P.M. (Ed.), Sci. Reviews, 1998, Oxford (in press).
* Wong, M.H., (Zhang, Z.Q.), Wong, J.W.C. and (Lan, C.Y.), ‘Trace Metal Contents (Al, Cu And Zn) of Tea: Tea and Soil from Two Tea-Plantations, and Tea Products from Different Provinces of China’, Environ. Geochem. & Health, 1998, 20(2):87-94.
* Wong, M.H. and Wong, J.W.C., ‘Environmental Health of Sewage Sludge Recycling with Emphasis on Land Application’, Pedosphere, 1998, (in press).
* (Wang, W.H.), Wong, M.H., (Leharne, S.) and Fisher, B., ‘Fractionation and Biotoxicity of Heavy Metals in Urban Dusts Collected from Hong Kong and London’, Environ. Geochem. & Health, 1998, (in press).
* (Liang, Y., Cheung, Y.H., Everitt, S.) and Wong, M.H., ‘Reclamation of Wastewater for Polyculture of Freshwater Fish: Wastewater Treatment in Ponds’, Water Research, 1998, 32(6): 1864-1880.
* (Lan, C.Y, Shu, W.S.) and Wong, M.H., ‘Reclamation of Pb/Zn Mine Tailings at Shaoguan, Guangdong Province, PRC: the Role of River Sediment and Domestic Refuse’, Bioresource Technology, 1998, 65:117-124.
* Zhou, H.Y, (Cheung, R.Y.H., Chan, K.M.) and Wong, M.H., ‘Metal Concentrations in Sediments and Tilapia Collected from Inland Waters of Hong Kong’, Water Research, 1998, (in press).
* (Chan, G.Y.S.), Wong, M.H. and (Whitton, B.A.), ‘Effects of Landfill Leachate on Growth and Nitrogen Fixation of Two Leguminous Trees (Acacia Confusa, Leucaena LeucocephalaY, Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 1998, (in press).
* (Chan, G.Y.S., Chu, L.M.) and Wong, M.H., ‘Codisposal of Municipal Refuse, Sewage Sludge and Marine Dredging for Methane Production’, Environmental Pollution, 1998, (in press).
* (Liang, Y), Wong, M.H., (Shutes, R.B.E. and Revitt, D.M.), ‘Ecological Risk Assessment of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Contamination in the Mai Po Marshes Nature Reserve, Hong Kong’, Water Research, 1998, (in press).
* (Ye, Z.H.), Wong, J.W.C., Wong, M.H., (Lan, C.Y. and Baker, A.J.M.), ‘Lime and Pig Manure as Ameliorants for Revegetating Lead/Zinc Mine Tailings: A Greenhouse Study’, Bioresource Technology, 1998, (in press).
* Zhou, H.Y, (Cheung, R.Y.H.) and Wong, M.H., ‘Bioaccumulation of Organochlorines in Freshwater Fish with Different Feeding Modes Cultured in Treated Wastewater’, Water Research, 1998, (in press).
* Wong, J.W.C., (Ip, C.M.) and Wong, M.H., ‘Acid Forming Capacity of Lead-Zinc Mine Tailings and Its Implications for
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
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276
Mine Rehabi 1 itaiton’, Environ. Geochem. & Health, 1998, (in press).
* (Liang, Y., Cheung, R.Y.H., Everitt, S.) and Wong, M.H., ‘Reclamation of Wastewater for Polyculture of Freshwater Fish: Fish Culture in Ponds’, Water Research, 1998, (in press).
* (Li, G.X.), Wong, J.W.C. and Wong, M.H., ‘Heavy Metal Accumulation in Chinese Cabbage (Brassica Chinensis) Grown in Soil Amended with Sewage Sludge Compost’ (in Chinese), J. of China Agriculture University, 1998, 3:113-118.
* (Fang, M.), Wong, J.W.C., (Li, G.X.) and Wong, M.H., ‘Changes in Biological Parameters During Co-composting of Sewage Sludge and Coal Ash Residues’, Bioresource Technology, 1998,64:55-61.
* (Ye, Z.H.), Wong, M.H., (Baker, A.J.M. and Willis, A.J.), ‘Comparison of Biomass and Metal Uptake Between Two Populations of Phragmites Australis Grown in Flooded and Dry Conditions’, Annals of Botany, 1998, 82: 83-87.
* (Liang, J., Zhang, Z., Cao, X.) and Wong, M.H., ‘Inhibition of Respiratory Activity May Be Responsible for the Lowering of Nitrogenase Activity of Water-Stressed Leucaena Leucocephala Nodules’, Acta Phytophysiologica Sinica, 1998, 24(3):285-292.
* (Fang, M.), Wong, J.W.C. and Wong, M.H., ‘Co-composting Sewage Sludge and Coal Fly Ash - Nutrient Transformations’, Bioresource Technology, 1998, (In press).
* Fung, K.F., (Zhang, Z.Q.) and Wong, M.H., ‘Fluoride Contents in Tea and Soil from Tea Plantations and the Release of Fluoride into Tea Liquor During Infusion’, Environmental Pollution, 1998, (in press).
* (Liang, Y., Cheung, R.Y.H.) and Wong, M.H., ‘Reclamation of Wastewater for Polyculture of Freshwater Fish: Bioaccumulation of Trace Metals in Fish’, Water Research, 1998, (In press).
* Chan, K.W., (Cheung, R.Y.H., Leung, S.F.) and Wong, M.H., ‘Depuration of Metals from Soft Tissues of Oysters (Crassostrea Gigas) Transplanted from a Contaminated Site to Clean Site’, Environmental Pollution, 1998, (In press).
* Wong, K.C., (Cheung, R.Y.H.) and Wong, M.H., ‘Toxicological Assessment of Coastal Sediments in Hong Kong Using a Flagellate, Dunaliella Tertiolecta', Environmental Pollution, 1998, (In press).
* (Liang, Y.) and Wong, M.H., ‘Reclamation of Wastewater for Polyculture of Freshwater Fish: Bioassays Using ChIore11a and Gambusia', Environmental Pollution, 1998, (In press).
Lau, C. K., Wong, R.N.S., Lo, S.C.L. and Kwok, F., ‘Refolding of Denatured Trichosanthin in the Presence of Gro EL.’, Biochem. Biophy. Res. Comm., 1998,245:149-154.
Chen, S.L., Wong, R.N.S., Lo, V., Chang, S., Chiang, C.D. and Sheh, L.,
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

277
‘Synthesis, DNA Cleavage and Cytotoxicity of Some Novel Cyclic Peptide-2, 6-Dimethoxy-Hydroquinone-3-Mercaptoacetic Acid Conjugates Containing D-Amino Acids’, AntiCancer Drug Design, 1998, 13(5):501-518.
* H.P. Carr, (F.A. Carino), Yang, M.S. and Wong, M.H., ‘Characterization of Cadmium-binding Capacity of Chlorella Vulgaris', Bull. Environ Contam. Toxicol, 1998, 60:433-440.
* (Yang, Jianhua), (Cao, Yuguang) and Yang, M.S., ‘Determination of Metallothionein Content in Hepatoma Cell by Differential Pulse Polarography’, Chem. Biol. Interaction, 1998, 115:109-116.
Yang, M.S., (Cao, Yuguang) and (Yang, Jianhua), ‘Comparison Between the Cd-saturation Method and the Polarographic Technique Using Cobalt (III) Hexaminechloride in Quantifying Metallothionein’, Paper presented at The 4th International Metallothionein Meeting, Kansas City, Mo., USA, 17-20 September 1997.
Yang, M.S., Chiu, S.P. and Chiu, S.T., ‘Metallothionein Content in Different Tissues of Perna Viridis Collected from Mariculture Sites Around Hong Kong’, Paper presented at The Hong Kong Society of Neurosciences 8th Annual Conference, 12-13 December 1997.
* Yang, M.S., Wong, H.F. and Yung, K.L., ‘Determination of Endogenous Trace Metal Contents in Various Mouse Brain Regions after Prolonged Oral Administration of Aluminum Chloride’,
J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 1998, 55:445-453.
Lee, Y.L., (Cho, E.Y.P.) and Yung, K.K.L., ‘Differential Localization of GABAa Receptor oc and [3 Subunits in the Hamster Retina and Relationship with Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Immunoreactivity’, Neurosci Lett., 1998, 248:29-32.
Yung, K.K.L., ‘Localization of Glutamate Receptors in Dorsal Horn of Rat Spinal Cord', NeuroReport, 1998,9:1639-1644.
Yung, K.K.L., ‘Localization of Ionotropic and Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Distinct Neuronal Elements of the Rat Substantia Nigra’, Neurochem Int., 1998, 33:313-326.
Yung, K.K.L., Tse, Y.C., (Gao, Z.G., Choi, S.Y and Kwok, F.S.L.), ‘Localization of GABA Transaminase Immunoreactivity in the Rat Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata’, Neurosci. Lett., 1998, 253:57-60.
* (Kang, S., Liang, Z., Hu, W.) and Zhang, J., ‘Water Use Efficiency of Controlled Alternate Irrigation on Root-Divided Maize Plants’, Agricultural Water Management, 1998,38:69-76.
* (Liang, J.,) Zhang, J., (Cao, X.) and Wong, M.H., ‘Inhibition of Respiratory Activity May Be Responsible for the Lowering of Nitrogenase Activity of Water-stressed Leucaena Leucocephala Nodules’, Acta Phytophysiologica Sinica, 1998, 24(3):285-292.
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

278
* (Liang, J.) and Zhang, J., ‘An Open-flow Gas Exchange System Used to Measure Nitrogenase Activity of Nodules and Its Application’, Journal of Jiangsu Agricultural College, 1998, 19(2):25-29.
* (Liang, J.) and Zhang, J., ‘Production, Transport of Root-Derived ABA and Its Function’, Plant Physiology Communication, 1998, 34:329-338.
* (Liang, Z., Kang, S., Hu, W.), Zhang, J. and (Gao, J.), ‘Effect of Controlled Roots-divided Alternative Irrigation on Water Use Efficiency’, Transactions of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 1997, 13(4):58-63.
* (Zhang, Q., Zhu, X., Lu, C., Feng, L., Kuang, T.) and Zhang, J., ‘Effects of Doubled CO2 Concentration on Light Absorption and Excitation Energy Distribution Between PS II and I in Chloroplasts of Winter Wheat Under Salt Stress’, Acta Biophysica Sinica, 1998, 14:537-542.
* Liang, J., Zhang, J. and Wong, M.H., ‘Collection of Xylem Sap at Flow Rate Similar to in Vivo Transpiration Flux’, Plant Physiology (Suppl.), 1997, 114:93.
* Liang, J., Zhang, J. and Wong, M.H., ‘The Relations of Stomatai Closure and Reopening to Xylem ABA Concentration and Leaf Water Potential During Soil Drying and Rewatering’, Plant Physiology (Suppl.), 1997, 114:107.
* Liang, J. and Zhang, J., ‘Regulation of ABA on Gene Expression in Higher Plants’, in: Molecular Mechanism of Plant Development, (Eds Xu, Z.H. and Liu,
C.M.), Academic Press, Beijing, 1998, pp. 151-161.
* Lu, C. and Zhang, J. (Vonshak A.), ‘Inhibition of Quantum Yield of PSII Electron Transport in Spirulina Platensis by Osmotic Stress May be Explained Mainly by an Increase in the Proportion of the QB-non-reducing PSII Reaction Centres’, Australia Journal of Plant Physiology, 1998,25:689-694.
* Lu, C. and Zhang, J., ‘Changes in Photosystem II Function During Senescence of Wheat Leaves’, Physiologia Plantarum, 1998, 104:239-247.
* Lu, C. and Zhang, J., ‘Modifications in Photosystem II Photochemistry in Senescent Leaves of Maize Plants’, Journal of Experimental Botany, 1998, 49:1671-1679.
* Lu, C. and Zhang, J., ‘Thermostability of Photosystem II is Increased in Salt-Stressed Sorghum’, Australia Journal of Plant Physiology, 1998, 25:317-324.
* Zhang, J., (Sui, X., Li, B., Su, B., Li, J. and Zhou, D.), ‘An Improved Water-Use Efficiency for Winter Wheat Grown Under Reduced Irrigation’, Field Crop Research, 1998, 59:91-98.
* Zhu, X. and Zhang, J., ‘Anti-Transpiration and Anti-growth Activities in the Xylem Sap from Plants Under Different Types of Soil Stress’, New Phytologist, 1997, 137:657-664.
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

279
Department of Chemistry
* Au, C.T., Wang, H.Y., (Xia, W.S. and Wan, H.L.), ‘Reaction Energetics for Methanol Synthesis from CO2/H2 over the Clean and Oxygen-modified Cu(100) Surfaces -- Studied by the Bond Order Conservation Approach’, Chemical J. of Chinese Universities, July 1997, 18:1120-1124.
* Au, C.T., Liao, M.S. and Ng, C.F., ‘Methane Dissociation on Ni, Pd, Pt and Cu Metal(l 11) Surfaces - A Theoretical Comparative Study’, Chemical Physics Letters, July 1997, 272:445-462.
* Au, C.T., (Liu, Y.W.) and Ng, C.F., ‘The Making and Characterization of BaO-and BaCl2-Promoted Y2O3 Catalysts for the OCM Reaction’, J. of Catalysis, October 1997, 171:231-244.
* Au, C.T. and Chen, M.D., ‘A Density Functional Study of CO2 Adsorption on the (100) Face of Cu (9,4,1) Cluster Model’, Chemical Physics Letters, October 1997, 278:238-244.
* Au, C.T., Zhou, T.J., Lai W.J. and Ng, C.F., ‘An ab Initio Study of Methane Activation on Lanthanide Oxide’, Catalysis Letters, December 1997, 49:53-58.
* Au, C.T., Zhang, W.D. and (Wan, H.L.), ‘Active Site of Praseodymium Orthovanadate Catalyst in Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane’, Chinese Science Bulletin, February 1998,43:217-219.
* Au, C.T., Zhou, X.P., (Liu, Y.W.), Ji, W.J.
and Ng, C.F., ‘The Characterization of BaF2/Y2O3 Catalysts for the OCM Reaction’, J. of Catalysis, March 1998, 174:153-163.
* Au, C.T., Li, J.T. and Zhang, W.D, ‘Effect of CO on Methanol Synthesis from CO, Hydrogenation’, Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, March 1998, 14:275-277.
* Au, C.T, Liao, M.S. and Ng, C.F, ‘A Detailed Theoretical Treatment of the Partial Oxidation of Methane to Syngas on Transition and Coinage Metal (M) Catalysts (M = Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu)’, J. of Physical Chemistry A, May 1998, 102:3959-3969.
* Au, C.T, Chen, K.D. and Ng, C.F, ‘The Modification of Gd2O3 with BaO for the Oxidative Coupling of Methane Reactions’, Applied Catalysis, June 1998, 170:81-92.
* Au, C.T, (Liu, Y.W.) and Ng, C.F, ‘Raman Spectroscopic and EPR Studies of Oxygen Species over BaO- and BaT, (X = F, Cl, Br)-promoted Nd2O3 Catalysts for the Oxidative Coupling of Methane’, J. of Catalysis, June 1998, 176:365-375.
* Au, C.T, Li, J.T, Chen, M.D. and Zhang, W.D, ‘The Role of CO in the Synthesis of Methanol from the Hydrogenation of CO,’, Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities, June 1998, 19:926-929.
* Chan, W.H. and Xie, T.Y, ‘Determination of Sub-ppbv Levels of Formaldehyde in Ambient Air Using Girard's Reagent T-Coated Glass Fiber Filters and Adsorption Voltammetry’, Analytica Chimica Acta, July 1997, 349:349-357.
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HK.BU staff

280
Chan, W.H., Lee, A.W.M., Kwong, D.W.J., Wang K.M. and Liang, Y.Z., ‘Simultaneous Determination of Potassium and Sodium by Novel Optode-Spectra and Artificial Neural Network Algorithm’, Analyst, July 1997,122:657-661.
Chan, W.H., Lee, A.W.M., (Wang, K.M., Lin, Z.H. and Cai, W.), ‘A Fiber-optic Biosensor Based on Visible Adsorption for the Determination of Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity’, Chemical Journal of Chinese University, July 1997, 18:1041-1045.
Chan, W.H., Lee, A.W.M., Lam, Y.S. and (Wang, K.M.), ‘Fluorescent Sensor Based on Newly Synthesized Fluorescein Octadecyl Ether Octadecyl Ester (FODEE) for Direct Determination of Phenols in Aqueous Solutions’, Analytical Chimica Acta, August 1997, 351:197-203.
Chan, W.H., Lee, A.W.M., Jiang, L.S. and (Mak, T.C.W.), ‘New Chiral Sultam Auxiliaries: Preparation & Their Applications in Asymmetric Diels-Alder Reaction’, Tetrahydron: Asymmetry, September 1997, 8:2501-2504.
Chan, W.H., Lee, A.W.M., Lu, J.Z., ‘Optode for the Specific Determination of Anionic Surfactants’, Analytica Chimica Acta, May 1998, 361:55-61.
Chan, W.H., Ng, C.F., Lam-Leung, S.Y and He, X.M., ‘Pervaporation of Aqueous Ethanol Solution Through Poly(amidesulfonamide)s(PASAs) Membranes’, Polymer, June 1998, 39:2461-2467.
Chan, W.H. and Lee, F.S.C., ‘Formaldehyde Analysis in Environmental Samples’, in The Encyclopedia of Environmental Analysis & Remediation, Wiley, June 1998, 1803-1820.
Chan, W.H. Lee, A.W.M., Zhong, Z.P., Lee, K.F. and Yeung, B.W., ‘Synthesis & Diels-Alder Reaction of Acetylenic Sulphonate’, J. Chern. Research(s), June 1998,326-327.
Chan, W.H. and Lee, A.W.M., ‘Chiral Acetylenic Sulfoxides and Related Compounds in Organic Synthesis’, Topics in Current Chemistry, Metz, P. (Ed), Springer-Verlag, November 1997, 190:103-129.
Choi, M.M.F., ‘Spectroscopic Behaviour and Protolytic Equilibrium of Fluorescein Immobilized in Ethyl Cellulose’, J. of Photochemistry and Photobiology A : Chemistry, 1998, 114:235-239.
Choi, M.M.F. and (Hawkins, P.), ‘Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Detection’, in Encyclopedia of Environmental Analysis and Remediation, Robert A. Meyers (Ed.), John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1998, 3266-3274.
Lai, S.Y, Au, C.T., (He, H.) and Ng, C.F., ‘The Oxidative Coupling of Methane over BaCO3/LaOCl Catalyst’, Applied Catalysis A : General, October 1997, 159:133-145.
Lai, S.Y, Ng, C.F. and Shan, S.C., ‘Catalytic Decomposition of CFC-12 on Transition Metal Chloride Promoted y-alumina’, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, April 1998, 16:209-217.
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

281
Lam-Leung, S.Y., Chan, W.H. and (Liu, Z.X.), ‘Evaluation of the Possibility of Utilization of Poly(amidesulfonamide)s (PASAs) in Ultrafiltration Technology’, J. Appl. Polymer Sci., 1998, 68:2087-2093.
Lam-Leung, S.Y., (Xing, D.M. and Luk, C.H.), ‘Uniform Design Method for Optimizing Fabrication Conditions of Ultrafiltration Membranes’, paper presented at the International Conference on Membrane Science and Technology (ICMST'98), Beijing, China, June 1998.
Lam-Leung. S.Y, Chan, W.H. and Ng, C.F., ‘Preparation and Characterization of Poly(amidesulfonamide)s (PASAs) Membranes for Reverse Osmosis, Ultrafiltration and Pervaporation Processes’, presented at the Advance in Membrane Sci. & Tech. Post-Conference Workshop of ICMST'98, Dalian, China, June 1998.
Lam-Leung, S.Y, Chan, W.H., (Leung, C.H. and Luk, C.H.), ‘Screening the Fabrication Conditions of Ultrafiltration Membranes by Using the Uniform Design and Regression Analysis Methods’, J. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 1998, 40:203-213.
Lee, F.S.C., (Chen, D.Y., Wang, X.R., Chen, W. and Yang, P.Y), ‘The Measurement of Ar (I) Excitation Temperatures and Electron Number Densities in an Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) with and without the Pressure of Freon 12’, Conference Proceedings in 13th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry Symposium, Peking Univ.
Press, 18-22 August 1997,2:606-611.
Lee, A.W.M., Chan, W.F., (Yuen, F.S.Y, Tse, K.P.), Liang, YZ. and Fang, K.T., ‘An Example of a Sequential Uniform Design : Application in Capillary Electrophoresis’, Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, December 1997, 39:11-18.
Lee, A.W.M., ‘New Sultam Chiral Auxiliaries for Asymmetric Synthesis’, (poster), 9th International Symposium on Chiral Discrimination (ISCD 97), Nagoya, Japan, 27-30 October 1997.
Lee, A.W.M., ‘New Chiral Sultam Auxiliaries for Asymmetric Synthesis’, invited lecture at the Second Conference for Worldwide Chinese Young Chemists (CWCYC-2), Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 21-23 December 1997.
Leung, L.M. and (Chin, C.W.), ‘Residual Monomers in Styrofoam Food Packaging’, Chemistry in Hong Kong, 1998,2:21-24.
Leung, L.M., (Pan, Y, Huang, Y.H., Cheng, M.C. and Cong, G.M.), ‘Solution Behavior of Ionomer Blends. II. Acid-Base Interactions in Blend of Poly(phenylene oxide) Ionomers and Poly(styrene-4 vinylpyridine)’, Eur. PolymJ., 1998, 34(2):213-217.
Leung, L.M., (Pan, Y, Huang, Y.H., Liao, B. and Cong, G.M.), ‘Solution Behavior of Ionomer Blends. I. Factors Influencing Interpolymer Complexes of lomomer Blends’, Eur. Polym J., 1998, 34(2):207-211.
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(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

282
* Leung, L.M., (Pan, Y., Huang, Y.H., Liao, B., Chen, M.C. and Cong, G.M.), ‘Studies on the Miscibility of Poly(phenylene oxide)-based and Polystyrene-based Acid and Ionomer Blends’, J. Applied Polymer Sei., 1997, 341-346.
* Leung, L.M. and (Lam, T.S.), ‘In-situ Studies of the Elimination Kinetics for Anionic Synthesized Poly(phenyl vinyl Sulfoxide) Diblock Copolymers --Soluble Precursors to Polyacetylene Diblock Copolymers’, Polymer Preprint (Polymer Chemistry Division), 1997, 38(1):156-157.
Leung, L.M., ‘Polyphenylene Vinylene’, invited contribution in the Handbook of Thermoplastics, O. Olabisi (Ed.), Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1997, 817-836.
Leung, L.M., ‘Electrically Conductive Polyacetylene Copolymers’, invited contribution in the Handbook of Organic Conductive Molecules and Polymers, H.S. Nalwa (Eds.), John Wiley & Sons, 1997,2:61-95.
* Shiu, K.K. and Song, F.Y, ‘Preconcentration and Electroanalysis of Copper Species at Electrochemically Activated Glassy Carbon Electrodes Adsorbed with Alizarin Red S’, Electroanalysis, April 1998, 10:256-261.
* Shiu, K.K. and Dai, H.P., ‘Voltammetric Behavior of Alizarin Red S Adsorbed on Electrochemically Pretreated Glassy Carbon Electrodes’, Electrochim. Acta, May 1998, 43:2709-2715.
* Wong, W.K., Zhang, L.L. and (Wong, W.T.),
‘Synthesis and X-Ray Crystal Structure of a Hexanuclear Silver (I) Complex with Non-Chelating Tri- and Tetradentate Bridging	o -
(Diphenylphosphino)benzoate Ligands’, J. Chern. Soc., Chern. Commun, 1998, 673.
* Wong, W.K., Sun, C.D. and (Wong, W.T.), ‘Reactivity of Group X Halides Towards (Ph,PN = )C(Ph)[N(SiMe3)J, 4-(NC5H4)(Ph2PN=)C[N(SiMe3)2] and C H4 {C(=NPPh2)[N(SiMe3)2]} 2-1,4', J. Chern. Soc., Dalton Trans, 1997, 3387.
* Wong, W.K., Zhang, L.L., (Xue, F. and Mak, T.C.W.), ‘Template Synthesis and X-Ray Crystal Structure of a Trinuclear Complex with Tetra- and Peuta-Coordinated Silver (I) Centre’, J. Chern. Soc., Chern. Commun., 1997, 1525.
Chinese Medicine Programme
Yang, W.Y et.al., ‘Chinese Medical Expert System and Knowledge Database of Chinese Medicine’, Beijing Publishing House, February 1998.
Yang, W.Y., ‘Effects of TCM Preparation TifuKang on Blood Lacate, BetaEndorphin, Leu-Enkephalin and Dynorphin A1-13 in the Rat of Fatigue Induced by Exercise’, Journal of Beijing University of TCM, July 1997, 20(4):37-40.
* Yang, W.Y, ‘Combination to Integration -Introspection of the Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine’, China Journal of
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

283
Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, October 1997, 12(5):5-8.
* Yue, K.M., (McMullen, C.BT., Anderson, P.A. and Trimble, E.R.), ‘NF-kappa B and AP-1 are Activated by Glucose in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells’, Diabetes, June 1998, 47(S1):91.
* Yue, K.M., (Catherwood, M.A., McMaster, D. and Trimble, E.R.), ‘Glucose-Induced Redox Changes and Free Radical Damage in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells’, Diabetes, June 1998,47(S1):456.
* Yue, K.M., (Sharpe, P.C., Liu, W.H., McMaster, D., Catherwood, M.A. and McGinty, A.M.), ‘Glucose-Induced Oxidative Stress in Vascular Contractile Cells -Comparison of Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells and Retinal Pericytes’, Diabetes , May 1998, 47(5):801-809.
* Yue, K.M., (Chidgey, M.A.J., Gould, S., Byrne, C. and Garrod, D.R.), ‘Changing Pattern of Desmocollin 3 Expression Accompanies Epidermal Organisation During Skin Development’, Development Dynamics, November 1997, 210(3):315-327.
* Zhang, S.P. and (Rowe, M.J.), ‘Quantitative Analysis of Responsiveness of Cuneate Neurones in Association with Reversible, Partial Deafferentation’, Journal of Physiology (London), December 1997, 505:769-783.
* Zhang, S.P., (Zaslawki, C., Rogers, C., Garvey, M., Yang C.X. and Ryan, D.), ‘Strategies to Enhance the Efficacy of Sham Acupuncture Used as a Control Treatment in Acupuncture Clinical
Trials’, Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, July 1997, 3:2.
Zhang, S.P., ‘The Neurophysiological Corelation of Five Shu Points’, Proceedings of the 3rd Australian Acupunture and Chinese Herbal Medicine Conference, Sydney, Australia, July 1997, p.93.
Department of Computer Science
* Choi, C.F. & Chan, S.L., ‘Business Process Reengineering: Evocation, Elucidation and Exploration’, Business Process Reengineering & Management Journal, 1997, 3(l):39-63.
* Chan, S.L., ‘Ward Ordering Using Scanning and Image Processing System (SIPS)’, Proceedings of the MIC97: The Fourth Hong Kong (Asia Pacific) Conference on Medical Informatics, 1997.
Leung, Y.W., and Yum, T.S., ‘A TDM Based Multibus Packet Switch’, IEEE Transactions on Communications, July 1997, 45(7):859-866.
Leung, Y.W., ‘Mean Power Consumption of Artificial Power Capture in Wireless Networks’, IEEE Transactions on Communications, August 1997, 45(8):957-964.
(Zhang, Q.), and Leung, Y.W., ‘Dynamic System for Solving Complex Eigenvalue Problems’, IEE Proceedings: Control Theory and Applications, September 1997, 144(5):45 5-45 8.
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
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284
(Xu, Z.), (Zhang, J.S.), and Leung, Y.W., ‘A General CDC Formulation for Specializing the Cell Exclusion Algorithms of Finding All Zeros of Vector Functions’, Applied Mathematics and Computation, October 1997, 86(2):235-259
Leung, Y.W., ‘Processor Assignment and Execution Sequence for Multiversion Software’, IEEE Transactions on Computers, December 1 997, 46(12):1371-1377.
Leung, Y.W., and (Yang, B.T.), ‘Lower Bounds for Multimedia Multicast Routing’, IEE Proceedings: Communications, April 1998,145(2):87-90.
Leung, Y.W., ‘Neural Scheduler for Realtime Packet Switching’, IEE Electronics Letters, April 1998, 34(7):632-633.
* Liu, J., ‘A Method of Spatial Reasoning Based on Qualitative Trigonometry’, in Artificial Intelligence, 1998, 98(1-2):137-168.
* Liu, J. and Tang, Y.Y., ‘Distributed Autonomous Agents for Chinese Document Image Segmentation’, in Special Issue on Oriental Document Analysis and Recognition, International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, The World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte, Ltd., 1998, 12(1):97-118.
* Liu, J. and Tang, Y.Y. and (Khatib, O.), ‘Modeling and Learning Robot Manipulation Strategies’, in Casals, A. and de Almeida A. (Eds.), Experimental
Robotics V (also Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences), Springer-Verlag, March 1998.
* Liu, J., and (Desmarais, M.C.), ‘A Method of Learning Belief Networks from Empirical Data: Algorithm and Monte-Carlo Simulation Based Validation’, in IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, November / December 1997, 9(6):990-1004.
* Liu, J., Tang, Y.Y. and Cao, Y., ‘An Evolutionary Autonomous Agents Approach to Image Feature Extraction’, in IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 1997, 1(2): 141-158.
Liu, J. and Qin, H., ‘Behavioral Selforganization in Lifelike Agents’, in Proceedings of the Second ACM/AAAI International Conference on Autonomous Agents (Agents '98), Minneapolis/St.Paul, 10-13 May 1998, pp. 254-260.
Liu, J., ‘Reactive Agents for Adaptive Image Analysis’, in Proceedings of the Second ACM/AAAIInternational Conference on Autonomous Agents (Agents '98), Minneapolis/St. Paul, 10-13 May 1998, pp. 441-448.
Liu, J. and Tang, Y.Y, ‘Evolutionary Image Processing’, in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Evolutionary Computation (ICEC'98), Anchorage, AK, 4-9 May 1998, pp. 470-475.
Liu, J., Wu, J. and Tang, Y.Y., ‘On Emergence of Group Behavior in a Genetically Controlled Autonomous
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

285
Agent System’, in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Evolutionary Computation (ICEC '98), Anchorage, AK, 4-9 May 1998, pp. 283-288.
Liu, J., (Maluf, D.A.) and Tang, Y.Y., ‘Toward Evolutionary Autonomous Agents for Computational Perception’, in Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE International Conference on System, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC '97), Orlando, Florida, 12-15 October 1997, 4:3096-3101 (invited paper).
* Mak, H.Y., (Mallard, A.P., Au, G. and Bui, T.). ‘Workflow Modelling for Crisis Management Support’, Proceedings of 31st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Big Island, Hawaii, USA, January, 1998.
Mak, H. Y. (Mallard, A.P. and Kwok, J.C.K.), ‘HINTS for improving CME’, Proceedings of 4th Hong Kong (Asia Pacific) Medical Informatics Conference, Hong Kong SAR, China, October, 1997.
(Mallard, A.P.), Mak, H.Y. and (Kwok, J.C.K.), ‘Creating a MIND’, Proceedings of 4th Hong Kong (Asia Pacific) Medical Informatics Conference, Hong Kong SAR, China, October, 1997.
* (Lam, K.Y), Ngan, C. and Ng, J.K.Y, ‘Using Software Feedback Mechanism for Distributed MPEG Video Player Systems’, Journal of Computer Communication, 1998, 21(15): 1320-1327.
* Ng, J.K.Y., Song, S. and (Zhao, W.), ‘Integrated Delay Analysis of Regulated
ATM Switch’, Proceedings of the 18th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS 97), San Francisco, U.S.A., December 1997, pp. 285-296.
* Ng, J.K.Y. and Song, S., ‘A Video Smoothing Algorithm for Transmitting MPEG Video over Limited Bandwidth’, Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications (RTCSA 97), Taipei, Taiwan, October 1997, pp. 229-236.
* Ng, J.K.Y. and (Tong, M.C.F.), ‘A Multimedia Patient Record System for the Ear Clinic’, Proceedings of The Fourth Hong Kong (Asia Pacific) Medical Informatics Conference (HKMIC'97), Hong Kong, October 1997, pp. 129-137.
* (Lam, K.Y), Ngan, C. and Ng, J.K.Y, ‘A Priority Feedback Mechanism for Distributed MPEG Video Player Systems’, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, LNCS, Springer-Verlag, September 1997, 1309:141-152.
* (Lam, K.Y), Cheung, K.K. and Ng, J.K.Y, ‘A Conditional Abortable Priority Ceiling Protocol for Real-time Systems with Mixed Tasks’, Proceeding of the 9th EUROMICRO Workshop on Real-Time Systems, Toledo, Spain, June 1997, pp. 102-109.
* Tang, Y.Y., (Tu, L.T.), Liu, J., (Lee, S.W.), (Lin, W.W.) and (Shyh, I.S.), ‘Off-line Recognition of Chinese Handwriting by Multi-feature and Multi-level Classification’, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 1998, 20(5):556-561.
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

286
* Tang, Y.Y., Ma, H., Xi, D., (Mao, X.) and (Suen, C.Y), ‘Modified Fractal Signature (MFS): A New Approach to Document Analysis for Automatic Knowledge Acquisition’, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 1997, 9(5):747-762.
* Tang, YY, Hong, M., Liu, J., Li, B.F. and Xi, D., ‘Multiresolution Analysis in Extraction of Reference Lines from Documents with Grey-level Background’, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 1997, 19(8):921-926.
Tang, Y.Y., ‘Wavelet Orthonormal Decomposition for Extracting Features in Pattern Recognition’, Vision Interface'98, Vancouver, Canada, June 1998, pp. 413-420.
Tang, YY and (Suen, C.Y), ‘ H(w)=>MRA: Theoretical Analysis and Application to Pattern Recognition and Document Analysis’, Vision Interface'98, Vancouver, Canada, June 1998, pp. 405-412.
Tang, YY, Yang, L. and Liu, J., ‘Quadratic Spline Wavelet Approach to Automatic Extraction of Baselines from Document Images’, Proceeding, of the 4th International Conference, on Document Analysis and Recognition, Ulm, Germany, August 1997, pp. 693-696.
Tang, Y.Y. and Liu, J., ‘Information Acquisition and Storage of Forms in Document Processing’, Proceeding of the 4th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, Ulm, Germany, August 1997, pp. 170-174.
* WONG, W., and (LEUNG, K.P.H.), ‘Integrating HOL and RAISE’, in Proceeding B of the 11th International Conference on Theorem Proving in Higher Order Logics, TPHOL98, Canberra, Australia, 27 September to 1 October 1998, pp. 127-140.
* (Geng, X.), and Wu, Y.T., ‘New Finitedimensional Integrable Systems and Explicit Solutions of Hirota-Satsuma Coupled KdV Equation’, Journal of Mathematical Physics, 1997, 38(6):3060-3080.
Yuen, P.C., Feng, G.C. and Tang, YY, ‘Chinese Character Similarity Measurement Using Distance Transform and Ring Projection’, International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Pattern Recognition, 1998, 12(2)1209-221.
Wong, YY, Yuen, P.C. and Tong, C.S., ‘Contour Length Termination Criteria for Snake Model’, Pattern Recognition, 1998.31(5)1596-606.
Yuen, P.C., Dai, D.Q. and Feng, G.C., ‘Wavelet-based PCA for Human Face Recognition’, Proceeding of IEEE Southwest Symposium on Image Analysis and Interpretation, Tucson, Arizona, April 1998, pp.223-228.
Department of Mathematics
* Chiu, S.N. and (Quine, M.P.), ‘Central Limit Theory for the Number of Seeds in a Growth Model in Rd with Inhomogeneous Poisson Arrivals’, The
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

287
Annals of Applied Probability, August 1997, 7(3):802-814.
Fang, K.T. and Xie, M.Y., ‘D-optimal Designs for B-adic Haar Wavelet Regression Models’, Hong Kong Baptist University Mathematics Department Technical Report No. 745, August 1997.
Fang, K.T., Tian, G.L. and Xie, M.Y., ‘Uniform Distribution on Convex Polyhedron and its Applications’, Hong Kong Baptist University Mathematics Department Technical Report No. 149, August 1997.
Fang, K.T., Liang, J.J., Fang, H.B. and (Li, R.Z.), ‘Testing Multinormality Based on Low-dimensional Projection’, Hong Kong Baptist University Mathematics Department Technical Report No. 150, August 1997.
Fang, K.T., Fang, H.B., Liang, J.J. and (Li, R.Z.), ‘New Noncentral t- and F-Distributions for High-dimensional Mean Test’, Hong Kong Baptist University Mathematics Department Technical Report No. 156, October 1997.
Fang, K.T., Fang, H.B. and (Kotz, S.), ‘The Meta-elliptical Distributions with Given Marginals’, Hong Kong Baptist University Mathematics Department Technical Report No. 165, January 1998.
Fang, K.T. and (Kollo, T.), ‘Approximation of the Non-null Distribution of Generalized T2 - Statistics’, Hong Kong Baptist University Mathematics Department Technical Report No. 169, February 1998.
Fang, K.T. and (Winker, P.), ‘Uniformity and Orthogonality’, Hong Kong Baptist University Mathematics Department Technical Report No. 176, April 1998.
Fang, K.T. and (Ma, C.X.), ‘On Construction of Orthogonal and Nearly Orthogonal Arrays’, Hong Kong Baptist University Mathematics Department Technical Report No. 178, April 1998.
Fang, K.T. and (Yang, Z.H.), ‘A Note on Uniform Design of Experiments with Restricted Mixtures and Generation of Uniform Distribution on Some Domains’, Hong Kong Baptist University Mathematics Department Technical Report No. 179, May 1998.
* Fang, K.T. and (Yang, Z.H.), ‘A Note on Uniform Design of Experiments with Restricted Mixtures and Generation of Uniform Distribution on Some Domains’, Statist. & Prob. Letters, (Accepted).
Fang, K.T. and Zhao, Y, ‘Orthogonal Designs on a Sphere, a Spherical Cap, or a Spherical Belt’, Hong Kong Baptist University Mathematics Department 
Technical Report No. 180, June 1998.
Fang, K.T. and Zhao Y, ‘A Necessary and Sufficient Condition for Orthogonal Design on a Circular ARC’, Hong Kong Baptist University Mathematics Department Technical Report No. 182, June 1998.
Fang, K.T., (Zheng, Z.K. and Lu, W.L.), ‘Discrepancy with Respect to Kaplan-Meier Estimator’, Communication in Statistics, Simulation and Computation, June 1998, 27:329-344.
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

288
* Fang, K.T, (Zhu, L.X. and Bhatti, M.I.), ‘On Estimated Projection Pursuit-type Cramer-von Mises Statistics’, J. Multivariate Analysis, Academic Press, October 1997, 63:1-14.
* Fang, K.T., (Pan, J.X. and von Rosen, D.), ‘Local Influence Assessment in the Growth Curve Model with Unstructured Covariance’, J. Statistical Planning and Inference, Elsevier, July 1997, 62:263-278.
* Fang K.T, (Li, R.Z. and Zhu, L.X.), ‘Some Q-Q Plots to Test Spherical and Elliptical Summetry’, J Computational and Graphical Statistics, November 1997, 6:435-450.
* Fang, K.T. and (Wang, Y.), ‘Number-theoretic Methods’, Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences, Wiley, February 1998,2:492-497.
* Fang, K.T. and (Lin, Z., Liang, Y.Z. and Yu, R.Q.), ‘Sequential Number-theoretic Optimization (SNTO) Method Applied to Chemical Quantitative Analysis’, J. Chemometrics, Wiley, July 1997,11:267-281.
* Fang, K.T. and Lee, A., ‘An Example of a Sequential Uniform Design: Application in Capillary Electrophoresis’, Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, Elsevier, October 1997,39:11-18.
* Fang, K.T., (Pan, J.X. and von Rosen, D.) ‘On the Posterior Distribution of the Covariance Matrix of the Growth Curve Model’, Statist. & Prob. Letters, May 1998,38:33-40.
* Fang, K.T., and Liang, J.J. and (Kotz, S.), ‘On Multivariate Vertical Density Representation and its Application to Random Number Generation’, Statistics, October 1997,30:163-180.
* Fang, K.T. and (Winker, P.), ‘Application of Threshold Accepting to the Evaluation of the Discrepancy of a Set of Points’, SIAM Numer. Analysis, October 1997, 34:203 8-2042.
* Fang, K.T, (Zhu, L.X. and Li, R.Z.), ‘A New Approach for Testing Symmetry of a High-Dimensional Distribution’, Bulletin of Hong Kong Math. Society, October 1997, 1:36-46.
* Hickernell, F., (An, H.Z. and Zhu, L.X.), ‘A New Class of Consistent Estimators for Stochastic Linear Regressive Models’, Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Academic Press, November 1997, 63:242-258.
* Hickernell F. and (Yuan, Y.X.), ‘A Simple Multistart Algorithm for Global Optimization’, OR Transactions, December 1997, 1:1-11.
* Hickernell, F., ‘A Generalized Discrepancy and Quadrature Error Bound’, Math. Comp., January 1998, 67:299-322.
* Hickernell, F. and (Hon, Y.C.), ‘Radial Basis Function Approximation of the Surface Wind Field from Scattered Data’, Internat. J. Appl. Sci. Comput., April 1998,4:221-247.
* Hickernell, F. and Hong, H.S., ‘Computing Multivariate Normal Probabilities Using Rank-1 Lattice Sequences’, in
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

289
Proceedings of the Workshop on Scientific Computing, Hong Kong, September 1997, G.H. Golub, S.H. Lui, F.T. Luk , and R. J. Plemmons (Eds.), Springer-Verlag, Singapore, pp. 209-215.
* Huang, H.C., Xue, W.M. and (Zhang S.), ‘Splitting a Concave Domain to Convex Subdomains’, Journal of Computational Mathematics, July 1997, 15:279-287.
* Huang, H.C., Xue, W.M., Zhu, Z.N. and Wu, X.N.), ‘The Bi-Hamiltonian Structures of Some New Lax Integrable Hierarchies Associated With 3x3 Matrix Spectral Problems’, Physics Letters A, November 1997, 235:227-232.
* Huang, H.C., (Cheng, X.L. and Han, W.M.), ‘Finite Element Methods for Timoshenko Beam, Circular Arch and Reissner-Mindlin Plate Problems’, Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, July 1997, 79:215-234.
* Huang, H.C. and Zhu, Z.N., ‘A New Lax Integrable Hierarchy and its Hamiltonian Form’, Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, March 1998, 67:778-783.
* Huang, H.C., Xue, W.M. and Zhu, Z.N., ‘Solitary Wave Solutions to Two Wave Modes of KdV-Type with 3-Order and 5-Order Dispersion and KdV-Burgers-Type’, Hong Kong Baptist University Mathematics Department Technical Report No. 757, October 1997.
* Huang, H.C., Xue, W.M. and Zhu, Z.N., ‘Soliton Wave Solutions Having Two Wave Modes of KdV-Type and KdV-Burgers-Type’, Chinese Journal of Physics, December 1997, 6-I(35):663-639.
Lam, C.B., (Yousef, A., Wong, J.F. and Yao, B.), ‘Bandwidth and Some Parameters of Graphs’, Hong Kong Baptist University Mathematics Department Technical Report No. 752, August 1997.
Lam, C.B., Shiu, W.C. and (Lee, S.M.), ‘Super-magickness of the Cycle Composition with Null Graphs’, Hong Kong Baptist University Mathematics Department Technical Report No. 153, August 1997.
Lam, C.B., Shiu, W.C., (Sun, F. and Wang, J.F.), ‘Linear Vertex Arboricity, Independence Number and Clique Cover Number’, Hong Kong Baptist University Mathematics Department Technical Report No. 159, October 1997.
* Lam, C.B., (Yousef, A. and Erdos, P.), ‘Upper Bounds on Linear Vertex-Arboricity of Complementary Graphs’, Utilitas Mathematica, December 1997, 52:43-48.
* Lam, C.B. and (Zhang, Z.F.), ‘The Vertex-Face Total Chromatic Number of Halin Graphs’, Networks, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., August 1997,30:167-170.
* Lam, C.B., ‘On Number of Leaves and Bandwidth of Trees’, Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica, April 1998, 14(2):193-196.
* Lam, C.B., Shiu, W.C. and Chan, W.H., ‘On Bandwidth and Cyclic Bandwidth of Graphs’, ARS Combinatoria, October 1997, 47:147-152.
* Lam, C.B., Shiu, W.C. and Tong, C.B., ‘Wiener Number of Hexagonal Jagged-
la) * Article published in refereed journal
(b) Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

290
Rectangles’, Discrete Applied Mathematics, December 1997, 80:83-96.
* Lam, C.B. and Shiu, W.C., ‘Wiener Numbers of Pericondensed Benzenoid Molecule’, Congressus Numerantium, December 1997, 126:113-124.
* Lam, C.B. and Shiu, W.C., ‘Wiener Number of Hexagonal Bitrapeziums and Trapeziums’, Bull. Acad Serbe Sci Arts, Cl. Sci. Math. Natur, September 1997, 22:9-25.
* Lam, C.B., Shiu, W.C. and (Lin, Y.), ‘Duality in Bandwidth Problems’, Congressus Numerantium, December 1997, 124:117-127.
* Lam, C.B., Shiu, W.C., Chan, W.H. and (Lin, Y.), ‘On the Bandwidth of Convex Triangulation Meshes’, Discrete Mathematics, August 1997, 173:285-289.
Liao, L.Z., ‘Stability Analysis of Neural Networks for Unconstraind Non-convex Optimization’, Hong Kong Baptist University Mathematics Department Technical Report No. 171, March 1998.
Liao, L.Z. and (Qi, H.D.), ‘A Smoothing Newton Method for General Nonlinear Complementarity Problems’, Hong Kong Baptist University Mathematics Department Technical Report No. 174, March 1998.
Liao, L.Z., Xue, W.M., (Cheng, D.Z. and Cai, D.Y), ‘On Generalized Hamiltonian Systems’, Hong Kong Baptist University Mathematics Department Technical Report No. 183, June 1998.
* Liao, L.Z., (Mansfield, C. and Shoemaker, C.A.), ‘Utilizing Sparsity in Time Varying Optimal Control of Aquifer Cleanup’, ASCE J. Water Resour. Plan. And Manag., January 1998, 124:15-21.
* Poon, K.K. and (Yang, C.C.), ‘Dynamical Behavior of Two Permutable Entire Functions’, Ann. Polon, Math., March 1998, 68:159-163.
* Poon, K.K. and (Yang, C.C.), ‘Dynamics of Composite Functions’, Proceedings Japan. Acad. Ser A - Math. Sci, June 1998, 74(6):87-89.
* Shiu, W.C., ‘Decoding de Bruijn Arrays Constructed by the FFMS Method’, ARS Combinatoria, October 1997, 47:33-48.
* Shiu, W.C. and Tang, YR, ‘Existence of Ideal Matrices’, ARS Combinatoria, October 1997, 47:87-92.
* Tong, C.S., (Wong, YY and Yuen, P.C.), ‘Contour Length Terminating Criterion for Snake Model’, Pattern Recognition , May 1998,31(5):597-606.
Xue, W.M. and (Cheng, D.Z.), ‘On Lyapunov Mapping and Its Applications’, Hong Kong Baptist University Mathematics Department Technical Report No. 172, March 1998.
Department of Physics
(Xia, J.B.) and Cheah, K.W., ‘Quantum Confinement Effect in Thin Quantum Wires’, Phys. Rev. B, 1997, 55:15688-15693.
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
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291
(Xia, J.B.) and Cheah, K.W., ‘Electronic Structure and Optical Transition of Semiconductor Nanocrystallites’, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 1997, 9:9853-9862.
(Xia, J.B.) and Cheah, K.W., ‘Quantum Confinement Effect in Silicon Quantum - Well Layers’, Phys. Rev. B, 1997, 55:15688-15693.
(Zheng, W.H., Xia, J.B., Lam, S.D.), Cheah, K.W., (Rakhshandehroo M.R.) and (Pang S.W.), ‘Ultraviolet Emission of Silicon Quantum Tip’, Applied Physics Letter, 1998, (in press).
(Wu, J.D., Pan, Q.) and Chen, S.C., ‘Investigation of the Dynamics of Copper Plasma Generated From a Laser-ablated Target Using Optical Emission Analysis’, Applied Spectroscopy, 1997, 51(6):883-888.
(Wang, P.N., Pan, Q.), Cheung, N.H. and Chen, S.C., ‘Experimental Study of the Interaction of Laser Ablated Plume with Nitrogen Discharge Plasma’, Proceedings of International Conference of QOLP, Hong Kong, Springer, 1997.
(Wang, P.N., Pan, Q.), Cheung, N.H. and Chen, S.C., ‘A Novel Application of the Pulsed Nitrogen Discharge in the Synthesis of Aluminum Nitride Powder by Laser Ablation’, Chinese Physics Letters, 1997, 14(12):953-956.
(Wang, P.N., Pan, Q.), Cheung, N.H. and Chen, S.C., ‘Pulsed Discharge Aided Laser Ablation Synthesis of Aluminum Nitride Powders’, Applied Physics A, 1998,A67:233-236.
(Wang, P.N., Pan, Q.), Cheung, N.H. and Chen, S.C., ‘A Study on the Interaction Between the Laser Ablated Aluminum Plume and the Nitrogen Discharge Plasma by Time and Space-Resolved Spectroscopy’, Applied Spectroscopy, 1998, (in press).
Cheung, N.H., (Ng, C.W., Ho, W.F. and Yeung, E.S.), ‘Ultra-micro Analysis of Liquids and Suspensions Based on Laser-Induced Plasma Emissions’, Appl. Surf. Sci., 1998, 274:127-129.
(Ng, C.W., Ho, W.F.) and Cheung, N.H., ‘Spectrochemical Analysis of Liquids Using Laser-Induced Plasma Emissions’, in S.Y. Zhu, M.S. Zubairy and M.O. Scully (Eds.), Frontiers of Quantum Optics and Laser Physics, Springer, Singapore, 1997,.pp. 419-422.
Cheung, N.H., (Ng, C.W., Ho, W.F., and Yeung, E.S.), ‘Vuv Laser-induced Plasma Emissions for Ultra-micro Spectrochemical Analysis of Liquid Samples’, OSA Technical Digest Series, Conference on Lasers and ElectroOptics, 1997, 11:185-186.
(Ng, C.W., Ho, W.F.) and Cheung, N.H., ‘Spectrochemical Analysis of Liquids using Laser-Induced Plasma Emissions: Effects of Laser Wavelength on Plasma Properties’, Appl. Spectrosc., 1997, 51:976.
(Ho, W.F., Ng, C.W.) and Cheung, N.H., ‘Spectrochemical Analysis of Liquids Using Laser-Induced Plasma Emissions: Effects of Laser Wavelengths’, Appl. Spectrosc., 1997, 51:87.
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

292
(Chou, C.I., Ho, C.L.) and Hu, B., ‘On a Morse-Type Frenkel-Kontorova Model’, Phys. Rev. E, 1998, 57:2947.
(Xu, A., Wang, G., Chen, S.) and Hu, B., ‘The Ground States of One-dimensional CI Transitions with Double-Well Interactions’, Phys. Rev. B, 1998, 57:2771.
(O'Leary, S.K., Johnson, S.R.) and Lim, P.K., ‘The Relationship Between the Distribution of Electronic States and the Optical Absorption Spectrum of an Amorphous Semiconductor: An Empirical Anaylsis’, J. Appl. Phys., 1997, 82:3334.
(Leung, T.Y., Yam, S.R, O'Leary, S.K.), Lim, P.K., So, S.K., (Chan, W.C., Gaspari, F. and Zukotynski, S.), ‘Optical Absorption in Doiped Diamondlike Amorphous Carbon’, Proceedings of the International Conference on Quantum Optics and Laser Physics, Frontiers of Quantum Optics and Laser Physics, Hong Kong, 1997, Zhu S.Y, Zubairy M.S. and Scully M.O. (Eds), p. 407.
(O'Leary, S.K.) and Lim, P.K., ‘On Determining the Optical Gap Associated with an Amorphous Semiconductor: a Generalization of the Taue Model’, Solid State Comm., 1997, 104:17.
(O'Leary, S.K.) and Lim, P.K., ‘Influence of the Spatial Extent of the Most Probable Potential Well on the Distribution of Electronic Sates in Disordered Semiconductors’, 1997, J. Appl Phys., 82:3624.
(Webb, D.P., Chan, F.Y.M., Zou, X.C., Chan, Y.C., Lam, Y.W., Lin, S.H., O'Leary, S.K.) and Lim, P.K., ‘Experimental Determination of the Distribution of Tail States of Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon: Transient Photocurrent Analysis’, Mater. Res. Soc., Wayner S., Hack M., Schiff E.A., Schropp R. and Shimizu I. (Eds), Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 1997, 467:25 7.
(Webb, D.P., Zou, X.C., Chan, Y.C., Lam, Y.W., Lin, S.H., Lin, K.X., O'Leary, S.K.) and Lim, P.K., ‘Evidence for Deviations from a Single-exponential Distribution of Conduction Band Tail States in Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon: a Transient Photocurrent Analysis’, Solid State Comm., 1998, 105:239.
(O'Leary, S.K.) and Lim, P.K., ‘Influence of the Kinetic Energy of Localization on the Distribution of Electronic States in Amorphous Semiconductors’, Applied Physics A, 1998, 66:53.
(Chan, W.C.W., Gaspari, F., Allen, T.), Lim, P.K., (Moreno, E., Sagnes, E., Manage, D., Szurmak, J. and Zukotynski, S.), ‘Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of Doped Hydrogenated Diamond-like Amorphous Carbon Films Deposited Using the DC Saddle-Field Glow-Discharge Technique’, J. Vac. Sci. and Tech. A, 1998, 16:889-892.
(Leung, L.M., Choi, W.K.) and So, S.K., ‘Organic Light Emitting Diodes’, in Proceedings of the Inaugural Meeting of Hong Kong Materials Research Society, September 1997, pp 25,28.
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

293
(Leung, L.M., Cheng, C.H., Choi, W.K.) and So, S.K., ‘Surface Preparation and Characterization of Indium Tin Oxide Substrates for Organic Electroluminescent Devices’, Appl. Phys. A., 1998, (in press).
Tang, L.H., (Smilauer, P. and Vvedensky, D.D.), ‘Noise-Assisted Mound Coarsening in Epitaxial Growth’, European Journal of Physics B, 1998, 2:409.
Tang, L.H., ‘Unstable Growth and Coarsening in Molecular Beam Epitaxy’, Physica A, 1998, 254:135.
Tang, L.H., (Chate, H. and Chen, Q.H.), ‘Comment on “Nonuniversal Expoenents in Interface Growth”’, Physical Review Letters, 1998, 81:5471.
Tang, L.H., (Aranson, I. S. and Chate, H.), ‘Spiral Motion in a Noisy Complex Ginzburg-Landau Equation’, Physical Review Letters, 1998, 80:2646.
Tang, L.H., (Aranson, I. S. and Chate, H.), ‘Noise-Driven Spiral Diffusion in the Complex Ginzburg-Landau Equation’, in D. Kim, H. Park, and B. Kahng (Eds.) Dynamics of Fluctuating Interfaces and Related Phenomena, World Scientific, Singapore, 1997, p.321.
Tang, L.H. and (Tian, G.S.), ‘Parity Effect in a Small Superconducting Grain: A Rigorous Result’, Physical Review B, 1998,58:12333.
* (Li, C.R.) and Tang, T.B., ‘Dynamic Thermal Analysis of Solid-state Reactions: the
Ultimate Method for Data Analysis?’, Journal of Thermal Analysis, 1997, 49:1243-1248.
Tang, T.B. and (Li, C.R.), ‘Carbon-free Bi2223: Synthesis’, Chinese Journal of Physics, 1998, 36:280-287.
Gu, M., Tang, T.B., (Hu, C. and Feng, D.), ‘Order-Disorder Transitions in Solid C60
Charged with O2 and N2’, Physical Review B, 1998, 58:659-663.
Gu, M., Tang, T.B., (Wang, Y.N., Yan, F. and Feng, D.), ‘The Order-disorder Transition in C60: Possible Role of Stacking Faults’, Chinese Physics Lett., 1998, 15:357-359.
(Qamar, S.), Zhu, S.Y, and (Zubairy, M.S.), ‘Two-photon Phase-sensitive Amplifier via Raman-driven Coherence’, Opt. Comm., 1998, 147:274.
(Huang, H., Lu, X.H.) and Zhu, S.Y., ‘Dressed States for a Mulit-level Atom and Localized Field in a Photonic Bandgap Crystal’, Phys. Rev. A, 1998, 57:4945.
(Li, F.L.) and Zhu, S.Y., ‘Resonance Fluorescence Quenching and Spectral Line Narrowing via Quantum Interference in a Four-level System’, Phys. Rev. A, 1998, (accepted).
(Li, F.L.) and Zhu, S.Y, ‘Effects of Quantum Interference on Coherent Population Trapping States of a Four-level Atom Interacting with Coherent Field’, Opt. Commun., 1998, (accepted).
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

294
FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
Department of Education Studies
Fung, A.C.W.,〈達善敎育、移風易俗〉， 載《星岛日報》，1998年2月18日。
* Fung, A.C.W., 'Development of Information Technology in Hong Kong Education over the Past Decade', in:G. Marshall and M. Ruohonen (eds.), Capacity Building for IT in Education in Developing Countries, London: Chapman & Hall, 1988.
Fung, A.C.W., 'Perception of Parents and Students on the Implementation of Educational Aims in Hong Kong Schools', paper presented at the 11th International Congress for School Effectiveness and Improvement, Manchester, UK, 4-7 January 1998.
* Fung, A.C.W. and leather, D.C.B., 'Teacher Education in Post-Industrial Society: The Learning Society of the Information Age', Journal of the International Society for Teacher Education, January 1998, 2(1):21-36.
(Cheng, M.Y.) and Lau, S., 'Nurturing Scientific Creativity of Primary Gifted Children: A Preliminary Study', paper presented at the 14th Annual Conference of Hong Kong Educational Research Association, Hong Kong, 15-16 November 1997.
(Leung, K.), Lau, S. and (Lam, W.L.), 'Parenting Styles and Academic
Achievement: A Cross-Cultural Study’, Merrill-Palmer Quarterly: Journal of Developmental Psychology, 44:157-172.
Lau, S., (Siu, K.K.) and Chik, P.Y., ‘The Self-Concept Development of Chinese Primary School Children: A Longitudinal Study’, Childhood: A Global Journal of Child Research, 5:69-97.
(Cheng, M.Y.) and Lau, S., ‘Towards a Theory of Teachers’ Creativity’, paper presented at the 14th Annual Conference of Hong Kong Educational Research Association, Hong Kong, 15-16 November 1997.
* Ma, H.K., ‘The Affective and Cognitive Aspects of Moral Development: A Chinese Perspective’, in H.S.R. Kao and D. Sinha (eds.), Asian Perspectives on Psychology, India: Sage, 1997, pp. 93-109.
* Ma, H.K., ‘The Affective and Cognitive Aspects of Moral Development in Chinese People: A Seven Stage Development Theory’, Indigenous Psychological Research in Chinese Societies, 1997, 7:166-212. (In Chinese)
Ma, H.K., ‘The Chinese Stage Structures of Moral Development: A Cross-Cultural Perspective’, paper presented at the Symposium on the Ontogenetic and Historical Development of Morality, University of Bielefeld, Germany, 14-16 January 1998.
* (Cheung, P. C.), Ma, H.K. and (Shek, D.T.L), ‘Conceptions of Success: Their Correlates with Prosocial Orientation and Behavior in Chinese Adolescents’, Journal of Adolescence, 1998, 21:31 -42.
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

295
* Ma, H.K. and (Shek, D.T.L.), ‘Perceptions of Parental Treatment Styles and Adolescent Antisocial and Prosocial Behavior in a Chinese Context’, Psychologia: An International Journal of Psychology in the Orient, 1997, 40:233-240.
Ma, H.K., ‘The Two-Parameter Theory of Moral Development in Chinese People: Preliminary Response and Future Research’, Indigenous Psychological Research in Chinese Societies, 1997, 7:253-279. (In Chinese)
Sivan, A., ‘Implementing Peer Assessment to Improve Teaching and Learning’, in: D. Kember et al. (eds.), Case Studies of Improving Teaching and Learning from the Action Learning Project, Hong Kong: Action Learning Project, 1997, pp. 17-22.
* Sivan, A., ‘Recent Developments in Leisure Education Research and Implementation’, World Leisure & Recreation, 1997, 39(2):41-44.
* Sivan, A. and (Ruskin, H.), ‘Successful Models for Leisure Education in Israel’, World Leisure & Recreation, 1997, 39(2):39-40.
Tam, V.C.W.,〈香港成年人對理想幼童的 看法：依附關係的文化適切度〉，載 《第二次國際華人心理學家學術研討 會會議手冊暨論文摘要》，香港中文 大學心理學系，1997年12月，頁 125。
Tam, V.C.W., ‘A Critical Analysis on Child Care Policies in Hong Kong and the Underlying Assumptions on
Motherhood’, paper presented at the National Council on Family Relations 59th Annual Conference, Arlington, USA, November 1997.
* Tam, V.C.W., (Chui, E.W., Wong, D.K., Wong, Y.C., Chan, C.L. and Law, C.K.), ‘Critical Reflection and Community Work Education: A Social Work Curriculum Addressing Social Deprivation and Poverty’, in D. Kember, B.H. Lam, L. Yan, J.C. Yum and S.B. Liu (eds.), Case Studies of Improving Teaching and Learning from the Action Learning Project, Hong Kong: Action Learning Project, 1997, pp.45-60.
Tam, V.C.W., (Chan, C.L., Chui, E.W., Wong, D.K., Wong, YC. and Law, C.K.), ‘Critical Reflection and Community Work Education: A Social Work Curriculum Addressing Social Deprivation and Poverty’, Resource Paper Series, No. 30, Department of Social Work and Social Administration, HKU, August 1997.
* Tam, V.C.W., ‘Leaving Children Unattended at Home: Decision Making on the Use of Self-Care in Hong Kong’, Child & Family Social Work, 1998,3(2): 125-136.
* Wu, W.Y.H. and (Ho, K.K.), ‘A Developmental Profile of New Horizons in Education’, New Horizons in Education, 1998, 39:96-147.
* Wu, W.Y.H. and (Tse, S.K.), ‘An Examination of the 1991-1997 Cumulative Index of Curriculum Forum’, Curriculum Forum, 1998, 7 (2):112-133.
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

296
Wu, W.Y.H., ‘Exploring Thinking Curriculum in Hong Kong Secondary Schools: A Five-Year Retrospect’, Proceedings of the Annual Con ference of Educational Research Association in Singapore, Singapore, 23-25 November 1998. (In press)
Wu, W.YH. and Chan, D.W.K., Writing Style of Academic Term Paper and Thesis: Workbook, Centre for Educational Development, HKBU, 1998.
Yip, K.H., ‘A Case Studies on How Confucians Response to the Challenge of Technology Modernization in the Beginning of the 20th Centuries: Zhang Zhidong and the Confucianism Modernization’, paper presented at the Confucianism in the 21st Centuries International Conference, CUHK, 25-30 September 1997. (In Chinese)
Yip, K.H., ‘China Struggled for Education Modernization after the Hundred Days Reform’, paper presented at the International Conference in Commemoration of the Centennial Anniversary of the Hundred Days Reform, CUHK, 14-15 May 1998. (In Chinese)
Yip, K.H., ‘Comment on the Education Policy in the Chief Executive’s First Governing Report, 1997’, Wen Wei Po, 7 November 1997. (In Chinese)
Yip, K.H., ‘A Critical Historical Review upon the Sino-British Diplomatic Conflicts: The British Invasion Towards Tibet and the So-called Problems of the Sovereignty of Tibet, 1880-1914’, paper presented at the Conference of the
Development and Modernization of Tibet, HKBU, 21 November 1997. (In Chinese)
Yip, K.H. and (Ng, M.L.), ‘The Demand of Self-Learning for Civic Education Teachers’, paper presented at the 10th Anniversary of the Establishment of Hong Kong Teachers’ Centre International Conference: Teacher Inservice Education and Lifelong Education in Chinese Communities, Lam Woo International Conference Centre, HKBU, 27-28 June 1998. (In Chinese)
Yip, K.H., ‘The Future of Information Technology Education in Hong Kong’, Hong Kong Teachers ’ Centre Bulletin, May 1998, 27:1-2. (In Chinese)
Yip, K.H., ‘The Future Trend of History Education and Civic Education in Hong Kong’, paper presented at the Conference on Education of Chinese Communities, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China, 22-28 October 1997. (In Chinese)
Yip, K.H., ‘The Future Trend of Integration of Information Technology in Education’, Hong Kong Economic Journal Daily News, 17 February 1998. (In Chinese)
Yip, K.H., ‘The General Studies and National Cultural Education: Balance in Development’, paper presented at the International Conference on General Studies in Chinese Communities in the World, CUHK, 18-22 November 1997. (In Chinese)
Yip, K.H. and (Lee, W.O.), ‘How to Make Use of Internet Resources in Chinese to
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(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

297
Teach Chinese History’, paper presented at the 10th Anniversary of the Establishment of Hong Kong Teachers’ Centre International Conference: Teacher In-service Education and Lifelong ' Education in Chinese Communities, Lam Woo International Conference Centre, HKBU, 27-28 June 1998. (In Chinese)
Yip, K.H. and (Wong, K.Y.), ‘Microteaching and Lifelong Education of History ‘Teachers’, paper presented at the 10th Anniversary of the Establishment of Hong Kong Teachers’ Centre International Conference: Teacher Inservice Education and Lifelong Education in Chinese Communities, Lam Woo International Conference Centre, HKBU, 27-28 June 1998. (In Chinese)
Yip, K.H. and (Lee, C.M.), ‘The Problems and Solutions of Teachers’ Lifelong Education’, paper presented at the 10th Anniversary of the Establishment of Hong Kong Teachers' Centre International Conference: Teacher Inservice Education and Lifelong Education in Chinese Communities, Lam Woo International Conference Centre, HKBU, 27-28 June 1998. (In Chinese)
Yip, K.H., ‘The Reflection of Hong Kong Teachers’ Educational Beliefs’, Hong Kong Teachers’ Centre Bulletin, February 1998, 26:1-5. (In Chinese)
Yip, K.H., ‘Rethinking on Hong Kong Compulsory Education Policy’, Modern Education Bulletin, September 1997, 43:12-17. (In Chinese)
Yip, K.H., ‘Rethinking Some Principles of Educational Thought of Dr Sun Yat-sen:
A Comparative Critical Review upon Hong Kong Educational Situations’, paper presented at the Dr Sun Yat-sen 113th Anniversary Memorial Symposium, Hong Kong, 12 November 1997. (In Chinese)
Yip, K.H., ‘Teachers’ Lifelong Education and Information Technology Education in Hong Kong’, keynote speech given at the 10th Anniversary of the Establishment of Hong Kong Teachers' Centre International Conference: Teacher In-service Education and Lifelong Education in Chinese Communities, Lam Woo International Conference Centre, HKBU, 27-28 June 1998. (In Chinese)
Yip, K.H. and (Wai, K.S.), ‘Teachers’ SelfLearning in the Information Age’, paper presented at the 1 Oth Anniversary of the Establishment of Hong Kong Teachers’ Centre International Conference: Teacher In-service Education and Lifelong Education in Chinese Communities, Lam Woo International Conference Centre, HKBU, 27-28 June 1998. (In Chinese)
Yip, K.H., ‘The Viewpoints on the Strategies of Modernization of China through Zhang Zhidong’s and Zhou Enlai’s Eyes between 1900s and 1950s’, paper presented at the Secondary Conference on China’s Economic Reform and Social Development, HKBU, 11-12 May 1998. (In Chinese)
Department of Geography
* Chow, C.S. and (Teather, E.K.), ‘Chinese Graves and Gravemarkers in Hong
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

298
Kong', Markers: Annual Journal of the Association for Gravestone Studies, 1998, XV:286-317.
* Li, S.M.,〈全球化、經濟轉型和香港城市 形態的轉化〉，載《地理學報》，1997 年，第52期增刊，頁52-61。
Li, S.M.,〈珠江三角洲城市群：中華經濟 協作糸統與珠江三角洲城市化〉，第 四屆中華經濟協作糸統國際會議論 文，澳門，1998年2月23-26日。
Li, S.M. and Siu, Y.M., 〈Commodity Housing in Guangzhou: An Analysis of Spatial Development Patterns and Price and Rent Distributions〉，載張慕洋、 林泰、胡天賜、樊富珉、鄧樹雄、余 振主編《當代中國經濟改革與社會發 展學術研討會論文集》，北京：清華 大學出版社，1997年，頁158-177。
* Li, S.M. and Siu, Y.M., 'A Comparative Study of Permanent and Temporary Migration in China: The Case of Dongguan and Meizhou, Guangdong Province', The International Journal of Population Geography, 1997, 3(1):63-82.
* Li, S.M., 'The Housing Market and Tenure Decisions in Chinese Cities: A Multivariate Analysis of the Case of Guangzhou', paper presented at The International Symposium of Land and Marketization of Land and Housing in Socialist China, Department of Geography, HKBU, 31 October-1 November 1997.
* Li, S.M., ‘Internationalization and Regional Economic Growth: The Case of Guangdong Province, China’,
Contemporary Development Analysis, 1997, 2(l):61-90.
* Li, S.M. and Siu, Y.M., ‘Population Mobility’ in Y.M. Yeung and David K.Y. Chu (eds.), Guangdong: Survey of a Province Undergoing Rapid Change (2nd ed.), Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 1998, pp. 405-434.
* Owen, R.B. and (Sandhu, C.F.), ‘Heavy Metal Deposition in Tolo Harbour’, Hong Kong Geologist, 1997, 3( 1): 18-25.
* Owen, R.B., (Neller, R.J., Shaw, R. and Cheung, P.C.T.), ‘Late Quaternary Environmental Changes in Hong Kong’, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 1998, 138:151-173.
* Owen, R.B., (Fyfe, J.A., Neller, R.J., Selby, I.C. and Shaw, R.), ‘Sequence Stratigraphy: Refining the Understanding of the Offshore Quaternary Succession of Hong Kong’, in N. Jablonski (ed.), The Changing Face of East Asia during the Tertiary & Quaternary, University of Hong Kong Press, 1997, pp. 189-205.
* Owen, R.B. and (Pang, C.F.), ‘Tidal Flat Sedimentation in H.K.’, Hong Kong Geologist, 1997, 3(2): 12-18.
Wang, D.G., (Borgers, A., Oppewal, H. and Timmermaus, H.), ‘A Stated Choice Approach to Developing Multi-Faceted Models of Activity Behavior’, paper presented at the 8th Conference of the International Association of Travel Behavior Research, Austin, USA, September 1997.
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

299
Wong, K.K.,〈持續發展與綠色文明：中 國持績發展之挑戰〉，載張慕洋等編 《當代中國經濟改革與社會發展學術 研討會論文集》，北京：清華大學出 版社，1997 年，頁 223-225。
Wong, K.K.,〈廣州商品房住户滿意程度 調查結果透視〉，載《信報》• 1997 年9月29日。
Wong, K.K.,〈香港明天會更「綠」 嗎？〉，載《星島日報》，1997年7 月9日。
* Wong, K.K,〈香港自然保育的現況與前 瞻〉，載《地理學報》，1997年， 52:152-160.
Wong, K.K.,〈政府應加強水患治理整體 規劃〉，載《信報》，1998年6月18 日。
Wong, K.K.,〈政策慎防破壞生態環 境〉，載《星島日報》，1997年8月 8日。
Wong, K.K.,〈中國水患何時了〉，載《信 報》，1997年7月21日。
Wong, K.K. and (Siu, W.M.), ‘The Changing Concept of Housing of the Chinese People’, paper presented at the 2nd Conference on China’s Economic Reform and Social Development, HKBU, 11-12 May 1998.
Wong, K.K. and Zhao, X.B., ‘Living with the Flood: Human Response to the 1994 Flood Hazard in Beijiang River, Guangdong, China’, paper presented at the Association of American Geographers 94th Annual Meeting, Boston, USA, 23-28 March 1998.
Wong, K.K. and (Siu, W.M.), ‘Perceived Environmental Quality of Commodity Housing in Guangzhou, China: A Preliminary Analysis’, paper presented at the International Symposium on Marketization of Land and Housing in Socialist China, Department of Geography, HKBU, 31 October-1 November 1997.
* Yan, Y.Y., ‘An Analysis of Thermal Stress of Climate in Hong Kong’, Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, 1997, 18:210-217.
* Yan, Y.Y., ‘Climate and Residential Electricity Consumption in Hong Kong’, ENERGY, 1998,23:17-20.
Yan, YY, ‘Impact of Climate on Summer Residential Electricity Consumption in Hong Kong’, Journal of Chinese Geography, 1997, 7:44-50.
Zhao, X.B. and Wong, K.K., ‘China’s Land and Property Market: Theory, Development and Constraint’, paper presented at the International Symposium on Marketization of Land and Housing in Socialist China, Department of Geography, HKBU, 31 October-1 November 1997.
Zhou, Q.M. and (Yang, X.), ‘Development of a GIS Network Model for Agricultural Water Management in a Floodplain Environment’, in: Proceedings of the International Conference on Modelling Geographical and Environmental Systems with GIS, Hong Kong, 22-25 June 1998, pp. 179-189.
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

300
Zhou, Q.M. and (Pilesjd, P.), ‘Estimation of Flow Distribution for Hydrological Modelling’, in: Proceedings of Geoinformatics '98 Conference, Beijing, 17-19 June 1998, pp. 145-154.
Zhao, X.B. and Wong, K.K., ‘The Influence of Bureaucratic Behavior on Land Apportionment in China’, paper presented at the International Symposium on Marketization of Land and Housing in Socialist China, Department of Geography, HKBU, 31 October-1 November 1997.
Zhou, Q.M. and (Yang, X.), ‘An Integrated Drainage Network Analysis System for Acid Drainage Management in a Floodplain Environment’, in: Proceedings of Geoinformatics '98 Conference, Beijing, 17-19 June 1998, pp. 551-560.
Zhou, Q.M., ‘The Interpretation of 3-Dimensional Digital Landscape Models’, paper presented at the Workshop of 3-Dimensional Landscape Modelling, Beijing, 16 June 1998.
* Zhou, Q.M., (Robson, M. and Pilesjd, P.), ‘On the Ground Estimation of Vegetation Cover in Australian Rangelands’, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 1998, 19(9): 1815-1820.
Zhou, Q.M. and (Zeng, T.Q.), ‘Optimal Spatial Decision Making with GIS: A Prototype Real Estate GIS (REGIS)’, in: Proceedings of Geoinformatics ’98 Conference, Beijing, 17-19 June 1998, pp. 428-438.
Zhao, X.B., ‘Post-Urbanization beyond Border: HK People Housing Purchase and Commuting Tendency in Shenzhen’, Zhongshan University, Guangdong, China, 1-2 May 1998.
* Zhao, X.B. and (Zhang, L.), ‘Re-examining China’s “Urban” Concept and Level of Urbanization’, The China Quarterly, June 1998, 154:330-381.
Zhou, Q.M., ‘Spatial Analysis Using Digital Terrain Models and Its Accuracy’, paper presented at the 25th Forum for Young Scientists, Beijing, China, 19-20 September 1997.
Zhou, Q.M., (Lin, H. and Shi, W.) (eds.), Spatial Information Technology towards 2000 and Beyond, Berkeley, CA: The Association of Chinese Professionals in GIS—Abroad (CPGIS), 1998, 570 pp.
Zhou, Q.M., (Zeng, T.Q. and Cowell, P.), ‘The Usher’s Approach (UshA) for the Relaisation of Fuzzy Clustering Theory for Zonal Analysis in Raster-Based GIS’, in: Proceedings of GeoComputation '97 and SIRC ’97, University of Otago, New Zealand, 26-29 August 1997, pp. 15-22.
Department of Government and International Studies
Cabau-Lampa, B., L’enseignement des langues-cultures en Suede: un enjeu multidimensionnel (Language and Culture Teaching in Sweden: A Multidimensional Stake), Lille: Presses Universitaires du Septentrion, Universite de Lille, 1998, 689 pp.
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

301
Chan, K.K.L., ‘Party System Evolution and Democratic Consolidation in PostCommunist Poland’, paper presented at the 26th European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR) Joint Sessions of Workshops, Warwick University, England, 23-28 March 1998.
Chan, K.K.L., ‘Religion and Politics in Post-Communist Poland’, East-West Dialogue, 1998, 3(1):86-113.
Chen, F., ‘Order and Stability in Social Transition: The Neo-Conservative Political Thought in Post-1989 China’, The China Quarterly, September 1997, 151:593-613.
Chen, F. and (Gong, T), ‘Party vs Market in Post-Mao China, The Erosion of the Leninist Organization from Below’, Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, September 1997, 13(3): 148-166.
DeGolyer, M.E., ‘Can We See the First Signs of Change in Hong Kong’s Refugee Mentality?’, paper presented at the Hong Kong-America Centre Spring 1998 Seminar, HKU, 27 February 1998.
DeGolyer, M.E., ‘Charting a New Course into the 21 st Century,’ New Horizons, fall 1997, p. 9.
DeGolyer, M.E., ‘Disconnected from Reality’, South China Morning Post, 24 April 1998.
DeGolyer, M.E., ‘Educated Answer to Crisis’, South China Morning Post, 26 June 1998.
DeGolyer, M.E., ‘The First Ten Years of the HKSAR: A Study in Unintended Consequences’, paper presented at the International Conference on the Transition to HKSARPRC, HKBU, July 1997.
DeGolyer, M.E., ‘Historical Pointers’, Sunday Morning Post, 14 September 1997.
DeGolyer, M.E., ‘Hong Kong, Handling the Handover’, Newshour Online Forum, World Wide Web (http://www.pbs.org/ newshour/forum/july97/hong_ kong.html), 3 July 1997.
DeGolyer, M.E., ‘Hong Kong Scores’, Sunday Morning Post, 25 January 1998.
DeGolyer, M.E., ‘Lai See Budget’, Hong Kong Standard —‘Budget Special’, 19 February 1998.
DeGolyer, M.E., ‘One Country, Two Systems’, in: C. Mackerras, D. McMillen and A. Watson (eds.), Dictionary of the Politics of the People’s Republic of China, London: Routledge, 1998, p. 165.
DeGolyer, M.E., ‘Perils of Prediction’, South China Morning Post, 8 May 1998.
DeGolyer, M.E., ‘The Political Transition and Its Effects on Hong Kong’s Civil Society’, The American Asian Review, winter 1997, XV(4): 195-256.
DeGolyer, M.E., ‘Power to the People’, Sunday Morning Post, 24 May 1998.
DeGolyer, M.E., ‘Public Opinion on Hong Kong’s Transition’, in: I. Scott (ed.),
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

302
Institutional Change and the Political Transition in Hong Kong, London: Macmillan, 1998, pp. 29-63.
DeGolyer, M.E., ‘Public Opinion and Sociocultural Change in Transitional Hong Kong’, in: R. Ramos, J.R. Dinis, D.Y. Yuan and R. Wilson (eds.), Macau and Its Neighbors in Transition, Macau: University of Macau, 1997, pp. 85-117.
DeGolyer, M.E., ‘Putting Election Predictions into Perspective’, South China Morning Post, 5 June 1998.
DeGolyer, M.E., ‘Reunion Views and Blues: Perspectives on Hong Kong’s Integration with China’, paper presented at the conference on ‘China’s Economic Reform and Social Development’, HKBU, 11-12 May 1998.
DeGolyer, M.E., ‘The Role of Civil Society’, paper presented at the Hong Kong Democratic Foundation Conference on Government in Evolution, Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre, March 1998.
DeGolyer, M.E., ‘South China Sea’, in: C. Mackerras, D. McMillen and A. Watson (eds.), Dictionary of the Politics of the People’s Republic of China, London: Routledge, 1998, pp. 199-200.
DeGolyer, M.E., ‘Squaring the Circle: Civil Society in Hong Kong and China’, CASS/HKU Conference on Hong Kong and China, Centre of Asian Studies, HKU, December 1997.
DeGolyer, M.E., ‘Surprise!’, Hong Kong Economic Times, 2 June 1998.
DeGolyer, M.E., ‘There’s No Getting Off the Fast Track to a Radically Different Hong Kong’, Hong Kong Standard—‘Maiden Policy Address Special’, 9 October 1997.
DeGolyer, M.E., ‘Transition Celebrated with a Conference’, New Horizons, Information and Public Relations Office, HKBU, fall 1997, pp. 6-8.
DeGolyer, M.E., ‘Unintended Consequences’, Asian Wall Street Journal, 19 May 1998.
DeGolyer, M.E., ‘Western Exposure, China Orientation: The Effects of Foreign Ties and Experience on Hong Kong Opinions and Perspectives’, paper presented at the International Symposium on The Outlook for China-USA Relations Following the Summits: Chinese and US Perspectives, Hong Kong, May 1998.
DeGolyer, M.E., ‘Why Elections Matter’, South China Morning Post, 10 April 1998.
Eschenlohr, S., ‘Probleme der Nomen-Verb-Unterscheidung bei der Analyse chinesischer Komposita’, in: D. Zaefferer (ed), Deskriptive Grammatik und allgemeiner Sprachvergleich, Tubingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag, 1998.
Hess, H.W., ‘Bridging Language and Knowledge Gaps—Does Technology-Enhanced Learning Really Work?’, paper presented at the Goethe Institut, Seoul, Korea, 1 May 1998.
* Hess, H.W., ‘DaF-Software in der Anwendung—“Alter Quark noch breiter”?’ (Software for German as a
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303
Foreign Language—A Rehash of Old Platitudes?), Info DaF, 1998, 25(1 ):54-71.
* Hess, H.W., ‘Daf-Software in der Anwendung—“Alter Quark noch breiter”?’, in: A. Wolff and D. Eggers (eds.), Lern- und Studienstandort Deutschland—Emotion und Kognition— Lern mit neuen Medien, Regensburg: Fachverband Deutsch als Fremdsprache, 1998, pp. 229-247.
* Hess, H.W., ‘Deutsch als Fremdsprache in europaischer Perspektive—Tradition und Innovation in Hong Kong’, in: H.R. Fluck and J. Gerbig (eds.), Spracherwerb Deutsch in Ost- und Zentralasien, Lehr-und Lerntraditionen (German as a Foreign Language in a European Perspective—Tradition and Innovation in Hong Kong), Heidelberg/New York: Julius Lang, 1998.
Hess, H.W., “‘Deutsch im Cyberspace”— DaF und neue Technologien in der Anwendung’ (German in Cyberspace— The Application of New Technologies to German as a Foreign Language), paper presented at the Annual Regional Conference of the German Academic Exchange Service, Beijing, China, 11 November 1997.
Hess, H.W., ‘European Studies as a Model for Curriculum Reform in Korea’, paper presented at the Goethe Institut, Seoul, Korea, 2 May 1998.
Hess, H.W. and (Steinmetz, M.), ‘Fachdeutsch Technik als studienbegleitendes Fach an der Zhejiang Universitat’, in: Z.A. Zhou et al. (eds.),
Han De Yuyuan Duibi Yanjiu, Changsha: Hunan Daxue Chubanshi, 1997, pp. 115-125.
Hess, H.W. and Stahlin, A., ‘The Introduction of Language Learning Software into the Curriculum under Non-Experimental Conditions’, in: D. Kember et al. (eds.), Case Studies of Improving Teaching and Learning from the Action Learning Project, Hong Kong: Action Learning Project 1997, pp. 461-482.
Hess, H.W., ‘The Use of “New Media” in Foreign Language Teaching/Learning’, paper presented at the University of Foreign Studies and Foreign Trade, Guangzhou, China, 22 May 1998.
Li, L.J. and (O'Brien, K.J.),〈村民自治： 構想與實踐〉，載陳明通、鄭永年編 《兩岸基層選舉與政治社會變遷》， 台北：月旦出版社，1998年，頁325-348。
Meissner, W, ‘Hongkong: Von der britischen Kronkolonie zur chinesischen Sonderverwaltungsregion (from British colony to Chinese SAR): Politik und Wirtschaft im chinesischen Kulturraum’, Part C: ‘Chinesische Modernisierungsregime und politische Wandel’, Ch.11, in: M. Lackner, Hermann-Pillath and C. Muller-Hofstede (eds.), Landerbericht China (Country Report China), Bundeszentrale fur Politische Bildung (Federal Centre for Political Education, Government of the Federal Republic of Germany), spring 1998, pp. 222-239.
Ting, W., ‘Beautiful New World: Hong Kong towards the 21st Century’, Paris Match—
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304
Special Issue on Hong Kong Returning to China, July 1997, p. 83.
Ting, W., ‘China, the United States, and the Future of Hong Kong’, in: B. Leung and J. Cheng (eds.), Hong Kong SAR: In Pursuit of Domestic and International Order, Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 1997, pp. 241-257.
Ting, W., The External Relations and International Status of Hong Kong, in: Occasional Papers/Reprints Series in Contemporary Asian Studies No. 139 (No. 2, 1997), University of Maryland School of Law, 72 pp.
Ting, W., ‘The External Relations and International Status of Hong Kong and Macau’, in: H.Yee (ed.), A Tale of Two Cities: Political, Economic and Social Development of Hong Kong and Macau, Macau: Macau Social Science Society, 1998, pp. 42-66.
Ting, W., ‘From Carter, Reagan to Tung Chee Hwa’, Hong Kong Economic Journal, 20 January 1998.
Ting, W., ‘Mainland-Hong Kong Relations’, Proceeding of the Conference on Social Welfare Development towards the 21st Century, The Hong Kong Council of Social Services, 20-22 September 1997, pp. 55-58.
Ting, W., ‘Non-government Organizational and Oppositional Forces: The Civic Associations in Eastern European Countries’, Reflection, Hong Kong Christian Institute, November 1997, 52:14-17.
Ting, W., ‘The Position of Small States in the European Union: The Cases of Sweden and Greece’, East-West Dialogue, November 1997,2(2):87-106.
Ting, W., ‘Relations Between Beijing, Hong Kong, Taipei and Washington’, paper presented at the Conference on Hong Kong—The First 150 Days After Transition: One Country, Two Systems?, Frankfurt, Germany, November 1997.
Ting, W., ‘SAR-Beijing Relations’, paper presented at the Conference on Hong Kong: A Year After Reversion to China, Centre for Asian Pacific Studies, Lingnan College, June 1998.
Ting, W., ‘Sino-American Relations and the Future of Hong Kong’, paper presented at the Conference on the Role and Status of Hong Kong in Mainland-Taiwan Relations After 1997, Zhaoqing, China, December 1997.
Ting, W., (Postiglione, G. and Tang, J.), ‘Transforming Hong Kong’s Global Identity’, in: G. Postiglione and J. Tang (eds.), Hong Kong s Reunion with China: The Global Dimensions, New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1997, pp. 3-19.
Wingate, U.C., ‘Schwierigkeiten mit dem einsprachigen Lernerwdrterbuch’, paper presented at the 26th Annual Conference of FDaF (Association for Teaching German as a Foreign Language), Jena, Germany, June 1998.
Wingate, U.C., ‘Self-Learning Materials for Adjective Endings’, in: A. Wolff and W. Schleyer (eds.), Materialien Deutsch als Fremdsprache, July 1997, 43:443-455.
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

305
Yee, H., ‘The Attitudes of Beijing’s Intellectuals towards the Current Political and Social Situations in China’, paper presented at the International Conference on China’s Economic Reform and Social Development, Hong Kong, 11-12 May 1998.
Yee, H., ‘Democracy and Political Participation: The Political Subculture of University Students in Guangzhou’, Asian Journal of Political Science, June 1998, 6(l):30-52.
Yee, H., ‘The Mass Political Culture of Macau and Hong Kong’, in: D.S.L. Paau (ed.), Reunification with China: Hong Kong Academics Speak, Hong Kong: Asian Research Service, 1998, pp. 99-115.
Yee, H., ‘Money Politics and Political Mobilization in Macau: The 1996 Legislative Assembly Elections’, Asian Survey, October 1997, 37(10):944-960.
Yee, H., ‘The Political Subculture of University Students in Hong Kong: Attitudes towards Political Involvement and Commitment”, in: S.G. Rioni (ed.), Politics and Economics of Hong Kong, Commack, NY: Nova Science Publisher, 1997, pp. 15-35.
Department of History
* Chow, K.W.,〈從'時務'到'新民'— 梁啟超早期的言論活動及其思想〉， 戊戌維新一百週年紀念國際研討會論 文，香港，1998年5月14-15日。
Chow, K.W. and Ho, C.W.C.,《當代香港 史學研究》，香港：三聯書店，1997 年再版。
Chow, K.W.,〈記一位仁爱的歷史敎育 家——劉家駒先生的生平和著作〉， 載《歷史敎育論壇》，1997年12月， 第3期，頁8-9。
Chow, K.W.,〈九十年代香港的史學研 究〉，載《聯大歷史學刊》，1998年 4月，創刊號，頁13-18。
* Chow, K.W.,〈在香港與王韜會面：中日 兩國名士的訪港記錄〉，王韜與近代 世界國際研討會論文，香港，1997 年12月18-19日。
Chow, K.W.,〈中國醫學史研究評述〉， 載《歷史與文化》，1998年1月，第 1 期，頁 77-82。
Chu, C.Y.Y, ‘The First Hundred Days of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR): The Political Aspects’, paper presented at the 39th American Association for Chinese Studies Conference, 31 October-2 November 1997.
Chu, C.Y.Y., ‘Review of Bob Dye’s Merchant Prince of the Sandalwood Mountains: Afong and the Chinese in Hawai’i, History and Culture, January 1998, 1:120-122.
Chu, C.Y.Y, ‘The Selection Process of Hong Kong’s Chief Executive’, Pacific Rim Report, July 1997, 4:4-5.
Chu, C.Y.Y, ‘A Study of Some Historical Theories and the Importance of Historiography’, History Education Forum, December 1997, 3:22-39.
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

306
* Chu, C.Y.Y., 'Taiwan and the Development of the Cold War in Asia, 1950-1952', paper presented at the International Symposium on Maritime Defense of Modern China, Hong Kong, 18-20 June 1998.
* Chu, C.Y.Y., 'Tung Chee Hwa: The Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) and His Challenges Ahead', paper presented at the 5th Conference of the Chinese Studies Association of Australia, 16-18 July 1997.
* Chung, S.P.Y.,〈「祖嘗」與「法人」-香港早期的華資公司〉，中山大學會 議論文，1997年12月。
* Chung, S.P.Y., 'Business, Ethnicity and Family—The Siyi Chamber of Commerce', paper presented at the Leiden International Convention of Asian Scholars, June 1998.
* Chung, S.P.Y., 'A Central Bank of China— Bank of China or the Bank of Communications?^, paper presented at the University of Oxford, August 1998.
Chung, S.P.Y., 'Chinese and British Merchants in Early Hong Kong', paper presented at the Hong Kong Education Institute, February 1998.
* Chung, S.P.Y., Chinese Business Groups in Hong Kong and Political Change in South China, 1900-25, London and New York: Macmillan Press, 1998.
Ho, C.W.C.,《德•才•色•權——論中 國古代女性》，台北：麥田出版股份 有限公司，1998年。
* Ho, C.W.C.,〈敦禮尚情——俞槌對女性 著作之推介〉，「禮敎與情慾：近代 早期中國文化的後/現代性」研討會論 文，中央研究院近代史研究所，台 北，1998年5月8日。
Ho,C.W.C.,〈漢人對太后攝政之議論〉， 載《歷史與文化》，1998年，第1卷， 頁 23-31。
* Ho. C.W.C.,《中國古代的育兒》，北京： 商務國際有限公司，1997年。
Lam, K.Y.,〈十九、二十世紀中國新史學 概述〉，載《歷史敎育論壇》，香港 浸會大學歷史系，1997年12月，第 3 期，頁 16-21。
* Lam, K.Y.,〈孫子及其軍事思想〉，載《歷 史月刊》，台北：歷史月刊社，1998 年6月，第125期，頁84-88。
* Lam, K.Y.,〈王韜的海防思想〉，近代中 國海防國際研討會論文，香港，1998 年6月18-19日。
* Lam, K.Y.,〈王韜的中西文化觀〉，王韜 與近代世界國際學術研討會論文，香 港，1997 年 12 月 18-19 日。
* Lam, K.Y.,〈戊戌時期維新派的大同思 想〉，載《思與言》，台北：思與言 雜誌社，1998年3月，第36卷第1 期'頁 39-70。
Lam, K.Y.,〈香港出版中國近代史研究書 目提要〉，載《歷史與文化》，香港 浸會大學歷史系，1998年1月，第1 卷，頁 89-104。
Lam, K.Y.,〈嚴復論中西文化〉，載《嚴 復與中國近代化學術研討會論文 集》，福州：海峽文藝出版社，1998 年'頁 171-184 。
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

307
Lam, K.Y.,〈中國文化與佛道思想〉，載 《毅園》，香港弘毅文化敎育學會， 1998年3月，第13期，頁10-16。
* Lam, K.Y. and Wong, Y.L.,《中國文化專 題》新版，香港：香港敎育圖書公 司，1998，358 頁 + viii。
Lee, K.K.,〈福建協和大學〉，載《中國 敎會大學歷史文獻綜覽》，香港中文 大學崇基學院，1998年，頁190-203。
* Lee, K.K.,〈胡禮垣與戊戌維新〉，戊戌 維新一百週年紀念國際研討會論文， 香港，1998年。
Lee, K.K.,〈滬江大學〉，載《中國敎會 大學歷史文獻綜覽》，香港中文大學 崇基學院，1998年，頁120-136。
Lee, K.K.,〈華南女子文理學院〉，載《中 國敎會大學歷史文獻綜覽》，香港中 文大學崇基學院，1998年，頁206-213。
* Lee,K.K.,〈基督敎改革者——黃乃裳與 清季改革運動〉，載《人文中國學 報》，1997年，第4期，頁189-212。
Lee, K.K.,〈《近代中國基督敎史研究集 刊》出版緣起〉，載《近代中國史研 究通訊》，1997年，第23期，頁78-81。
Lee, K.K.,〈九十年代香港的辛亥革命研 究〉，載《歷史與文化》，1998年， 第1期，頁83-88。
Lee, K.K.,〈羅香林的史學及其歷史敎育 論〉，載《歷史敎育論壇》，1997年， 第2期，頁46-49。
* Lee, K.K.,〈晚清十年海軍重建之籌議 1901-1911)，近代中國海防國際研 討會論文，香港，1998年。
* Lee, K.K.,〈王韜與基督教〉，王韜與近 代世界國際研討會論文，香港，1997 年12月18-19日。
* Lee, K.K.,〈香港華人與中國——何啟 (1859-1914) ' 胡禮垣(1847-1916)個 案之探索〉，載《中國神學研究院期 刊》，1997年，第23期，頁53-71。
* Lee, K.K.,〈嚴復與清季海軍現代化之初 探〉，載《嚴復與中國近代化學術研 討會論文集》，福州：海峽文藝出版 社，1998年。
Lee, K.K.,〈由亂入治.當代中國之興 起〉，載《國事學會十二年特刊》， 1997 年.頁 9-13。
* Lee, K.K.,〈中國基督敎史研究的興起及 其發展〉，載《近代中國基督敎史研 究集刊》，1998年，第1期，頁5-30。
Lee, K.K., (Ng, T.M. and Leung, Y.S.), < 中 國敎會大學歷史文獻綜覽》，香港中 文大學崇基學院，1998年。
Lee, K.K.,〈追憶嚴師耕望〉，載《充實 而有光輝——嚴耕望先生紀念集》， 台北：稻禾出版社，1997年，頁75-78。
* Mak, R.K.S.,〈十八至十九世紀德籍商人 在中國沿海的活動〉，近代中國海防 國際研討會論文，香港，1998年。
* Mak, R.K.S., 'Local Perceptions of "Non-Native” Residents in Hong Kong at the Eve of Reunification,, in: Reunification with China: Hong Kong Academics
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

308
Speak, Toronto: Asian Research Service, 1998, pp. 81-98.
Mak, R.K.S., ‘Plagiarism: A Quick Note for Our History Students’, Joint Universities History Journal, 1998, 1:78-81.
* Paau, D.S.L., ‘China’s Century of Search and Pursuits: Revelations and Interpretations’, paper presented at the China Cross the Century Conference, OpenU, 17 January 1998.
* Paau, D.S.L., ‘Curious Maneuver? Certain Moves of the British Government in Hong Kong Before Departure’, in: Reunification with China: Hong Kong Academics Speak, Richmond and Hong Kong: Asian Research Service, June 1998, pp. 63-79.
* Paau, D.S.L., ‘Introduction: Hong Kong Academics Speak’, in: Reunification with China: Hong Kong Academics Speak, Richmond and Hong Kong: Asian Research Service, June 1998, pp. 1-3.
* Paau, D.S.L., ‘Observations: More Urgent Problems Facing Hong Kong’, in: Reunification with China: Hong Kong Academics Speak, Richmond and Hong Kong: Asian Research Service, June 1998, pp. 133-137.
* Paau, D.S.L., ‘Returning to China: The “Real” Problems the Hong Kong SAR Government Faces’, paper presented at the International Conference on the Transition to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PRC, 7-9 July 1997.
* Paau, D.S.L., Reunification with China: Hong Kong Academics Speak, Richmond and Hong Kong: Asian Research Service, June 1998.
Starr, J.B., ‘Are Religious Records Different? Types, Transcriptions, Translations’, paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association for Documentary Editing, Boston, USA, 16-18 October 1997.
Starr, J.B., ‘Documentary Editions as Historical Research: A Summary of “The Papers of Robert Morrison”’, History Education Forum, 1997, 2:1-8.
* Starr, J.B., ‘The Legacy of Robert Morrison’, The International Bulletin of Missionary Research, April 1998, 22:73-76.
Stewart, J.A.S., ‘An Argument for “Fringe” History: The Scottish Case’, History Education Forum, 1997,2:9-16.
Stewart, J.A.S., ‘The Boss’, History Education Forum, 1997, 3.
* Stewart, J.A.S., ‘The Jaws of Sheep: The 1851 Hebridean Clearances of Gordon of Cluny’, paper presented at the Harvard Celtic Colloquium, 30 April-3 May 1998.
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff
Wong,M.K.,〈王韜致理雅各的五封未刊 書札〉，載《歷史與文化》，1998年 1月，第1期，頁69-76。
Wong, M.K., 'Christian Missions and Public Education in 19th Century Hong Kong with Special Reference to Ernest John Eitel', paper presented at the University of Adelaide, July 1997.

309
Wong, M.K., ‘Ernest John Eitel’s Understanding of Chinese Culture’, paper presented at the International Conference on Hong Kong and Modern China, 3-5 December 1997.
Wong, M.K., ‘Historiography of Hong Kong Protestantism’, paper presented at HKBU, March 1998.
* Wong, M.K., ‘Mary Isabella Legge’, Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions, New York: MacMillan Reference, 1998.
* Wong, M.K., ‘Mary Morrison’, Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions, New York: MacMillan Reference, 1998.
Wong, M.K., ‘The Modern World as Reflected in Wang Tao’s Historical Writings’, paper presented at the International Conference on Wang Tao and the Modern World, 18-19 December 1997.
* Wong, M.K., ‘Rachel Milne’, Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions, New York: MacMillan Reference, 1998.
Wong, M.K., ‘Timothy Richard & Chinese Reform Movement: A Critical Appraisal’, paper presented at CUHK, May 1998.
Wong, Y.L.,〈傳統文化與唐代民間藝 術〉，志蓮淨苑演講講詞，香港， 1997年9月2日。
Wong, Y.L.,〈傳統文化與唐代民間藝 術〉，《明報月刊》，1998年，第22 期'頁 66-69。
Wong, Y.L.,〈從徐燦到呂碧城——清代 婦女思想與地位的轉變〉，載《歷史 與文化》，1998年，第1期，頁33-34。
Wong, Y.L.,〈浸大精神與中國文化的傳 統〉，香港浸會大學校慶日演講講 詞•香港浸會大學，1997年3月5 日。
Wong, Y.L.,〈抗婚、自梳與女性之不平 等〉，廿一世紀女性研究與發展國際 學術研討會論文，北京大學，1998 年6月22日。
Wong, Y.L.,〈呂碧城的思想革新與女權 運動〉，中央研究院近代史研究所午 餐演講講詞，台北，1998年5月22 日。
* Wong, Y.L.,〈《詩品•齊鮑令暉齊韓蘭 英》箋証〉，載《社會科學戰線》， 1997 年，第 88 期，頁 115-119。
* Wong, Y.L.,《張若名研究及資輯集》，香 港：香港大學亞洲研究中心，1997 年。
* Wong, Y.L.,〈中國傳統社會的法律與婦 女地位〉，載《北京大學學報》，1997 年，第34卷第3期，頁103-112。
Wong, Y.L.,〈周恩來在舊詩中所表現之 愛國情懷〉，第二屆周恩來研究國際 學術討論會論文，天津，1998年2月 8日。
Department of Physical Education
Cheung, S.Y., ‘Application of Stress Management in Secondary School’,
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

310
paper presented at the Symposium of Sports Science and Physical Education 98, CUHK, May 1998.
Cheung, S.Y., ‘General Gymnastics for Senior Citizens’, paper presented at the 40th ICHPER.SD World Congress, Korea, July 1997.
Cheung, S.Y., ‘Physical Education and Stress Management’, in: 1996 Open Contest on Production of Physical Education Teaching Materials for Hong Kong Secondary Schools—A Collection of the Awarded Essays, Curriculum Development Institute, Education Department, 1997, pp. 35-45.
Cheung, S.Y, ‘Physical Fitness and Motor Abilities of Senior Citizens in Hong Kong’, paper presented at the 5th Annual Congress of Gerontology, Hong Kong, November 1997.
Cheung, S.Y, ‘Senior Citizen General Gymnastic Award Scheme’, ICHPER.SD Journal, 1998, XXXIV (3):51-54.
Chow, B.C., ‘Development of the Recreational Camps in Hong Kong: A Case Report’, Hong Kong Recreation Review, January 1998, 10:17-27.
Chow, B.C. and Louie, L.H.T., ‘Trends and Issues Impacting Camp Management toward the 21st Century in Hong Kong’, Journal of International Hospitality, Leisure & Tourism Management, 1998, 1(4): 19-36.
(Xu, Z.H., Chen, X.P.) and Chung, P.K.,〈東 西方體育文化交織地區中學生體育價 值基本結構的研究〉，載廣州體育學
院粤港澳臺學校體育發展戰略課題組 編《九七前後四地區學校體育》，北 京：人民體育出版社，1997年，頁 70-82。
Chung, P.K.,〈體適能在高等敎育的重要 性〉，載傅浩堅、鍾伯光、錢名佳編 《廿一世紀中國高等敎育體育的展望 與探討》，香港浸會大學，1998年， 頁 103-116 。
Chung, P.K.,〈香港及台灣小學生對體適 能活動態度的比較研究〉，載《九七 前後四地區學校體育》，北京：人民 體育出版社，1997年，頁105-120。
(Xu, Z.H., Chen, X.P.) and Chung, P.K.,〈粤 港澳台中學生體育價值研究〉，《體 育科學》，1997年，第17卷第5期， 頁 22-24。
Chung, P.K. and Leung, M.L., ‘Attitudes toward Physical Activity among Primary School Children in Hong Kong and Taiwan’, Journal of the International Council for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, Sport, and Dance, summer 1998, XXXIV, (4):32-37.
Chung, P.K., ‘The Effects of Training at Altitude’, Journal of Physical Education and Recreation, 1998, 3(2):27-29.
Chung, P.K., ‘Gender Differences in Physical Self-Concept in Hong Kong Secondary School Students’, The Hong Kong Journal of Sports Medicine and Sports Science, November 1997, V:27-33.
Chung, P.K., ‘Health Fitness Survey for Hong Kong Office Workers’, Proceedings of the 40th Anniversary
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

311
1CHPER.SD World Congress, 1997, pp. 65-67.
Chung, P.K., ‘Physical Fitness and Physical Self-Concept in Hong Kong Secondary School Students’, Proceedings of AIESEP Singapore 1997 World Conference on Teaching, Coaching and Needs in Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 1997, pp. 327-335.
Fu,F.H.K. '中、港兩地體育運動的未來 發展'，Hong Kong Recreation Management Association Newsletter, 1997,41:10-11.
(Eston, R., Inglew, D.K.), Fu, F.H.K. and (Rowlands, A.), ‘Comparison of Health-Related Fitness Measures in 7-15 Year Olds in Hong Kong and North Wales’, in: K.M. Chan and L.J. Micheli (eds.), Sports and Children, Hong Kong: Williams & Wilkins, 1998, pp. 119-130.
Fu, F.H.K., ‘A Comparison of Participation Pattern in Sports and Recreation of Disabled Persons in Hong Kong and People’s Republic of China’, Journal of Comparative PE and Sport, 1998, XX (1): 27-34.
(Hatano, Y), Fu, F.H.K., (Zou, D.H., Lu, D.J., Chen, J.Z. and Shi, D.W.), ‘Comparative Study of Physical Fitness of the Youth in Asia’, Journal ofPhysical Education and Recreation, 1997, 3(2): 4-11.
Fu, F.H.K. and (Fung, L.), ‘Effects of Age, Physical Activity Participation, and Household Dependency on Subjective Health Rating among Persons with Physical Disabilities’, JOHPER.SD, 1998, XXXIV(3): 39-41.
Fu, F.H.K., (Cen, H.W. and Eston, R.), ‘The Effects of Cryotherapy on Muscle Damage in Rats Subjected to Endurance Training’, Scand. Journal of Sports Medicine and Sports Sciences, 1997, 7:358-362.
Fu, F.H.K., John Ma and the Development of Physical Education and Sport in China, Beijing University of Physical Education Press, 1998, 138 pp.
Fu, F.H.K. and (Fung, L.), ‘Life Satisfaction among Elderly Persons: Identifying the Roles of Physical and Mental Activity Participation, Fitness Level, and Level of Cognitive Function’, Hong Kong Journal of Gerontology, 1997, 11(2): 3-8.
Fu, F.H.K., Chung, P.K. and (Chin, M.K.), (eds.), Physical Education in Higher Education in China towards the 21s1 Century, HKBU, 1998, 308 pp.
Fu, F.H.K., Physiological Characteristics of Chinese Pre-adolescent and Adolescent Swimmers, HKBU, 1998, 54 pp.
Fu, F.H.K. and (Riordan, J.), ‘Sports Talent Support System—Does It Work?’, Hong Kong Journal of Sports Medicine & Sports Science, 1998, 6:33-40.
Leung, M.L. and Chung, P.K., ‘Attitudes toward Physical Activity among Secondary School Children in Hong Kong and Taiwan’, Proceedings of AIESEP Singapore 1997 World Conference on Teaching, Coaching and Needs in Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 1997, pp. 346-353.
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

312
Leung, M.L. and (Gaynor, P.), ‘A Comparison of Affect and Measures of Intensity between High and Low-active Chinese Males Using RPE Production Protocol’, The Hong Kong Journal of Sports Medicine and Sports Science, November 1997, V:8-15.
Louie, L.H.T., '論高爾夫球被香港市民接 受的原因'，Hong Kong Recreation Review, 1998, 10:6-13.
Louie, L.H.T.,〈運動與政治〉，載《香港 中學體育科敎材創作公開大賽優勝作 品集》，香港敎育署課程發展處， 1997 年，頁 1-5。
Louie, L.H.T., Chow, B.C. and Lam, B.C.B., ‘A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Selected Badminton Skill Tests’, paper presented at the 1998 Sport Science Symposium, CUHK, May 1998.
Mak, D.K.C., ‘A Commercial Approach in Facility Management’, Journal of Physical Education and Recreation, 1998,4(l):67-78.
Ng Ip, J.K.W., ‘Physical Activity Patterns of Adolescents’, Journal of Physical Education and Recreation, 4(l):61-66.
Department of Social Work
Chan, K.F. and Ng, P.Y.N.,〈港滬中學生 精神健康敎育比較研究〉，「全人敎 育的掙扎」研討會論文(香港浸會大 學，1998年11月20日。
Chan, K.F., Lai, C.S.Y. and (Li, H.),《沙田 區婦女對特區政府期望調查》，香港 浸會大學社會工作系，1998年。
Chan, K.F. and Lai, C.S.Y, ‘The Dilemma and the Way out for the Employment of Women in Economic Transformation: The Case of a New Town in Hong Kong’, Asian Journal of Women Studies, 1998, 4(3):146-163.
Chan, K.F. and Ng, P.Y.N., ‘Gender Differences in Opinion towards Mental Illness of Secondary School Students’, paper presented at the Conference on Child and Adolescent Mental Health, CUHK, 2-6 June 1998.
Chan, K.F. and Ng, P.Y.N., ‘Secondary School Students’ Opinion towards Mental Illness: Comparison between the Hong Kong and Guangzhou Samples’, paper presented at the 2nd International Conference on Social Work in Health and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia, 13 January 1998.
Chiu, M.Y.L., ‘Clinician or Social Police? The Self-Perceived Role of Mental Health Social Workers in Hong Kong’, paper presented at the 2nd International Conference on Social Work in Health and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia, 12-15 January 1998.
Chiu, M.Y.L., ‘Social Isolation of Older People with Visual Impairments: Inside and Outside Residential Institutions in Hong Kong’, paper presented at the Conference on the Margins: Social Exclusion and Social Work, University of Stirling, Scotland, 7-10 September 1997.
Chiu, S.W.S. and (Ngan, R.), ‘Employment of Chinese Older Workers in Hong Kong: Cultural Myths, Discriminations and
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

313
Opportunities’, paper presented at the World Congress of Gerontology, Adelaide, Australia, 19-23 August 1997.
Chiu, S.W.S. and (Chan, Y.M.), ‘Is Empowerment Possible?: A Critical Examination of Youth Centre Service in Hong Kong’, Youth and Policy: Journal of Critical Analysis, autumn 1997,58:57-72.
Chiu, S.W.S. and Wong, V.C.W., Report on the Citizens ’ Views toward Labour Protection in Hong Kong, Hong Kong Catholic Commission for Labour Affairs and Department of Social Work, HKBU, May 1998, 17 pp.
Chiu, S.W.S. and Wong, V.C.W., ‘The Roles and Functions of Social Work in an Era of Political Transformation: The Case of Hong Kong’, Social Policy and Social Work, 1997, 1(1):47-71.
Chiu, S.W.S., ‘Social Policy in the Hong Kong SAR: Which Way Ahead’, Christian Family Service Bulletin, Hong Kong Christian Family Service Centre, July 1997, pp. 3-4. (In Chinese)
Kwok, R.H.Y, Chan, K.F. and Lai, C.S.Y, ‘Enhancing the Quality of Fieldwork Instruction through Student-Teacher Partnership in Action Research’, in: D. Kamber et al (eds.), Case Studies of Improving Teaching and Learning from Action Learning Project, PolyU, 1997, pp. 33-44.
Kwok, R.H.Y, ‘Equal Rights for Youth’, Youth Vision, 1998, 3:60-66.
Mok, H.T.K., ‘Achieving Quality and Cost-Effective Health Care System for the
Aging Population in Urban China’, paper presented at the International Conference on Aging, Shanghai, October 1997.
Mok, H.T.K., ‘Determination of the Basic Rates of Social Assistance in Hong Kong’, Social Security Research Paper Series No.21, Hong Kong Social Security Society, 1998. (In Chinese)
Mok, H.T.K. and (Leung, S.O.), ‘Measurement of Poverty Rates in Hong Kong’, Social Security Research Paper Series No. 15, Hong Kong Social Security Society, 1997. (In Chinese)
Mok, H.T.K. and (Leung, A.), ‘Minimum Wages Policy in Hong Kong’, Social Security Research Paper Series No. 20, Hong Kong Social Security Society, 1998. (In Chinese)
Mok, H.T.K. and (Cheung, F.), Need Assessment for Vocational Training for Secondary School Graduates: A Case Study of Sai Kung District, Hong Kong Social Security Society, 1998, 85 pp. (In Chinese)
Mok, H.T.K., ‘Policy Planning for Retirement Protection in H.K.’, Social Security Research Paper Series No. 14, Hong Kong Social Security Society, 1997. (In Chinese)
Mok, H.T.K., ‘Setting Poverty Line for Social Assistance Benefits in Urban China’, Social Security Research Paper Series No. 18, Hong Kong Social Security Society, 1997.
Mok, H.T.K., ‘Social Security Management System in PRC’, in: Social Welfare in
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

314
China, Chung Hwa Book Co. (HK) Ltd., 1998, pp. 252-275. (In Chinese)
Mok, H.T.K., (Wang, S.B., Tang, J. and Leung, A.), (eds.), Social Welfare in China, Chung Hwa Book Co. (HK) Ltd., 1998, 336 pp. (In Chinese)
Mok, H.T.K. and (Cheung, F.), ‘Two-Tier Retirement Protection Scheme for HKSAR’, Social Security Research Paper Series No. 19, Hong Kong Social Security Society, 1998. (In Chinese)
Mok, H.T.K., ‘Workers’ Health Insurance System Reform in PRC’, in: Social Welfare in China, Chung Hwa Book Co. (HK) Ltd., 1998, pp. 276-292. (In Chinese)
Ng, P.Y.N. and (Yip, K.S.), ‘Psychiatric Vocational Rehabilitation Services in Hong Kong: A Critical Review’, Administration and Policy in Mental Health, 1998, 25(6):619-625.
Tsun, A.O.K., ‘The Application of Crisis Intervention in Hong Kong’, In G. Ko-Lau and L. Chu (eds.), Individual Work and Family Therapy, Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, pp. 129-175. (In Chinese)
Tsun, A.O.K. and (Wu, M.M.F.), ‘Child Neglect: A Neglect of Children or A Neglect of Neglectful Parents’, paper presented at the 12th San Diego Conference, San Diego, USA, 27-30 January 1998.
Tsun, A.O.K., ‘Sibling Incest: A Hong Kong Experience’, paper presented at the 6th Australasian Conference on Child use
and Neglect, Adelaide, Australia, 20-23 October 1997.
Tsun, A.O.K., ‘Social Workers’ Perception as Major Determinants of Child Protection Strategies’, paper presented at the conference on Approaching the Millennium—The Future Shape of Child Protection, Scotland, UK, 8-11 July 1987.
Wong, V.C.W. and Chiu, S.W.S., ‘Health Care Reforms in the People’s Republic of China: Strategies and Social Implications’, The International Journal of Public Sector Management, 1997, 10(l/2):76-92.
Wong, V.C.W. and Chiu, S.W.S., Tn the Eyes of Social Workers: The Social Production of Marginality of Youth in Hong Kong’, Youth Studies, Australia, March 1998, I7(l):36-42.
Wong, V.C.W. and Chiu, M.Y.L., ‘The Pathway to Institutional and Complimentary Medicine of Orthopaedic Impatients in Hong Kong’, Health Information, December 1997, 193:32-33. (In Chinese)
Wong, V.C.W., ‘Rethinking Youth and Deprivation: Implications for Practice’, paper presented at the Seminar on Deprived Youth Group, Hong Kong Council of Social Service, 24 October 1997.
Wong, V.C.W., ‘Social Construction of Community Health Care for Older People in Hong Kong’, paper presented at the 2nd International Conference on Social Work in Health and Mental
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

315
Health, Melbourne, Australia, 12-15 January 1998.
Wong, V.C.W., ‘Still a Long Road to Improve the Livelihood of Hong Kong People?’, Reflection, September 1997, 51:4-8. (In Chinese)
Department of Sociology
Chiu, F.Y.L., 'Cultural Politics and Strategies of Alternative Forms of Knowledge Dissemination—Some Preliminary Thoughts'(另類敎育的文化政治與策 略初探)，Alternative Discourses—A Quarterly of Hong Kong Cultural and Social Critique, January 1998, 1:33-35.
Chiu, F.Y.L., 'Politics and the Body Social in Colonial Hong Kong', in: T.E. Barlow (ed.), Formations of Colonial Modernity in East Asia, Durham and London: Duke University Press, 1997, pp. 295-322.
Chiu, F.Y.L. and (Ku, H.B.), 'A Pilot Study on Life-History of Middle-Aged Female Workers in Hong Kong: Issues and [mplications，(香港中年女工生命史與 僱傭策略初探：一些問題與啟示)， Taiwan: A Radical Quarterly in Social Studies, June 1997, 26:167-207.
Chiu, F.Y.L., 'Re-reading the "Taiwan Studies" of an Japanese Colonial Anthropology: A Proposal for Re-evaluation'(日本殖民地人類學「台灣 研究」的重讀與再評價)，Taiwan"： Z Radical Quarterly in Social Studies, December 1997, 28:145-175.
Chiu, F.Y.L., 'Social Engineering as Managerial Predicament: State-ist
Reforms and Un-intended Consequences in Colonial Hong Kong’, paper presented at the conference on ‘Colonialism and Its Discontents: An Interdisciplinary Forum’, Institute of Ethnology, Academic Sinica, Taiwan, 8-9 July 1997.
Chiu, F.Y.L., ‘Sub-Orientalism and the SubImperialist Predicament: Aborigine Discourse and the Poverty of State-Nation Imagery (Part II)’, Impaction, June 1997, 103:186-203. (Trans, from English into Japanese)
Chiu, F.Y.L., ‘Sub-Orientalism and the SubImperialist Predicament: Aborigine Discourse and the Poverty of State-Nation Imagery (Part III)’, Impaction, September 1997, 104:139-152. (Trans, from English into Japanese)
Huang, C.L., about 50 articles published in (1) Nanyang Siang Pau, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, (2) Asia News Daily, Bangkok, Thailand, (3) The Straits Reviews, Taiwan, and (4) China Opening Herald, Shenzhen, China, since summer 1997.
Huang, C.L., ‘Future of the Chinese Cultures’, Proceeding of the Forum on Scenarios of Global Development, China Review Monthly, June 1998.
Huang, C.L., ‘HKSAR Development Strategy around Year 2000’, Proceeding of the Forum on Scenarios of Global Development, China Review Monthly, May 1998.
Huang, C.L., ‘HKSAR in Its First Decade: A Future Perspective’, Proceeding of the International Forum on Asian Sustainable Development, Otemon
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

316
Gakuyin University, Osaka, Japan, November 1997.
Huang, C.L., ‘HKSAR’s 21st Century Development Century as Seen in Tung Chee Hwa’s First Policy Address’, paper presented at the Seminar on One-Country-Two-Systems, Shantou University, Guangdong, China, 2 April 1998.
Huang, C.L., ‘International Impact of Reunification of Hong Kong with China’, Proceeding of the Institute of Sino Strategic Studies & China Seminar, Hong Kong, 27 June-2 July 1997.
Huang, C.L., ‘Japanese Domestic & Foreign Policy around Year 2000’, Proceeding of the Forum on Scenarios of Global Development, China Review Monthly, April 1998.
Huang, C.L., ‘Patterns of Cooperation in Sciences and Technology’, Proceeding of the 4th International Conference on the Coordination Systems for the Chinese Economies, Macau, February 1998.
Huang, C.L., ‘Sustainable Development Model: Chinese Economies in the Asian Financial Turmoil’, Proceeding of the International Conference on China in the New International Order, School of International Studies, Peking University, China, May 1998.
Huang, C.L., ‘Sustainability of the East Asia Development Model’, Proceeding of the Forum on Scenarios of Global Development, China Review Monthly, February 1998.
Huang, C.L., ‘US Policy toward the Asia-Pacific Region around Year 2000’, Proceeding of the Forum on Scenarios of Global Development, China Review Monthly, March 1998.
Huang, C.L., ‘World Chinese Network: Its Theory & Practice’, Proceeding of the International Conference on Overseas Chinese in the Economic Globalization, Guangzhou, China, May 1998.
Lai, G.W.F., (Lin, N. and Ensel, W.M.), ‘Construction and Use of the Life History Calender: Reliability and Validity of Recall Data’, in: I.H. Gotlib and B. Wheaton (eds.), Stress and Adversity over the Life Course: Trajectories and Turning Points, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997, pp. 249-272.
Lai, G.W.F., (Chiu, W. and Wan, C.K.), ‘Economic Ownership and Workers’ Perceptions of the Workplace: An Exploratory Study of Manufacturing Workers in Shanghai’, Economic and Industrial Democracy, 1998, 19:287-313.
Lai, G.W.F., (Economic Reform and Domestic Reproduction i n Contemporary Rural China: Preliminary Findings from 141 Villages> •載《當 代中國經濟改革與社會發展學術研討 會論文集》，北京：清華大學出版 社，1997 年，頁 243-256.
Lai, G.W.F., ‘Market Reform and Gender Gap in Wages: Preliminary Finds from Urban Shanghai’, paper presented at the 2nd Conference on Economic and Social Development in China, Hong Kong, 11-12 May 1998.
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

317
Lai, G.W.F., (Lin, N. and Leung, S.Y.), 'Network Resources, Contact Resources, and Status Attainment,, Social Networks, 1998, 20:159-179.
Leung, H.C. and (Fung, S.Y.),〈從勞碌的 女兒到勞碌的祖母：一個世代香港勞 工女性的三輩勞動生涯〉，載《基進 論壇》，1998年1月，第1期，頁77-84。
Leung, H.C., ‘Manufacturing by Networking: Institutional Patterns and Organizational Logics of the Hong Kong-Based Garment Industry’, paper presented at the conference on Chinese Triangle of Mainland-Taiwan-Hong Kong, Toronto, Canada, 8 August 1997.
Ranson, B.H.A., Guildhall and Government: An Exploration of Power, Resistance and Control in Britain and China, Vol. II: Power, Resistance and Authorities: Aspects of Guild Organization in England, LEWI, HKBU, September 1997; author of Ch. 1 ‘Power, Resistance and Authorities: Aspects of Guild Organization in England’, pp. 1-8 and Ch. 3 ‘Collective Associations, Power and Resistance—A Consideration of the Relevance of Guilds in UK and China’, pp. 13-27.
Scott, J.L., ‘Mutual Aid Committees and Community Involvement’, paper presented at the International Conference on the Transition to HKSAR, PRC, Hong Kong, 7-9 July 1997.
Scott, J.L. and DeGolyer, M.E., ‘The Myth of Political Apathy in Hong Kong’, in: M.J. Skidmore (ed.), Hong Kong and China, Pursuing a New Destiny, Singapore: Toppan, 1997.
Siu, Y.M. and (Liu, J.T.),〈北京市住房研 究：單位的影響〉，社會主義中國的 土地與住房市場化國際會議論文，香 港浸會大學，1997年10月31日至11 月1日。
Siu, Y.M.,〈大陸移民對香港人口和社會 的影響〉，載《人口研究》，1997年 9月，第21卷第5期，頁34-37。
Siu, Y.M. and Li, S.M., (Commodity Housing in Guangzhou: An Analysis of Spatial Development Patterns and Price and Rent Distributions)，載張慕洋、 林泰、胡天賜、樊富珉、鄧樹雄、余 振合編《當代中國經濟改革與社會發 展學術研討會論文集》，北京：清華 大學出版社，1997年，頁158-176。
Siu, Y.M., ‘The Imbalance of Sexes in China: A Consequence of the “One-Child” Policy?’, in: J.Y.S. Cheng (ed.), China in the Post-Deng Era, Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1998, pp. 525-557.
Siu, Y.M. and Li, S.M., ‘Population Mobility’, in: Y.M. Yeung and D.K.Y. Chu (eds.), Guangdong: Survey of a Province Undergoing Rapid Change (2nd ed.), Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1998, pp. 405-433.
Wong, O.M.H., ‘Postponement of Marriage: A Reflection of Women’s Rising Social Status and Economic Independence’, paper presented at the International Conference on Gender and Development in Asia, CUHK, November 1997.
(a)	* Article published in refereed journal
(b)	Names in brackets are not members of HKBU staff

318
Researcher Index
ARCHER, Ian 227
ARYEE, Samuel 84, 85
AU, Peter CT 131, 132, 133
BAR-DAVID, Eva 183
BARRETT, Alan 227
BECKER, Gerhold K 30, 31
BICKLEY, Gillian B 4, 5
BOLAM, JP 128
CAO, Ce Wen 157
CARROLL, Ray 84
CHAN, Allan KK 91, 92
CHAN, Canri WY 60, 62
CHAN, Che Po 32
CHAN, David WO 183
CHAN, David YK 71, 72, 73
CHAN, Dennis WK 180
CHAN, Gilbert YS 123, 124
CHAN, Hing Lin 64
CHAN, Jack CK 180
CHAN, Jonathan KL 31, 32
CHAN, Ka Wah 102, 103
CHAN, Kai Fong 217, 220, 222
CHAN, Robert KY 167, 168
CHAN, Shun Hing 32, 33
CHAN, Sin Wai 200
CHAN, Siu Yeung 60
CHAN, Stephen LC 148, 149
CHAN, Wing Hong 134, 135, 136, 140
CHAN, Wing Ming 3
CHANG, Eric 79
CHANG, Ludwig 88
CHANG, Man Kit 74
CHAU, Simon SC 5
CHAU, Wing Kam 23
CHAUDHRI, MM 177
CHAY, Yue Wah 85
CHEAH, Kok Wai 168
CHEN, George ZX 87, 92, 93
CHEN, John KP 23
CHEN, Qineng 200
CHEN, Shu Chi 169, 170
CHENG, Hong 103
CHENG, Kai Ming 96
CHENG, Yuk Shing 64, 65
CHEUNG, Fernando 221
CHEUNG, Hon Ming 218
CHEUNG, Leo KC 33
CHEUNG, Martha PY 6, 7, 8
CHEUNG, Nai Ho 115, 170, 171
CHEUNG, Ping Chung 183, 184
CHEUNG, RYH 123
CHEUNG, Samuel HN 2
CHEUNG, Siu Yin 205, 206, 212
CHEUNG, Yat Sun 15
CHIK, Pik Yuk 180, 181, 184
CHIU, Fred YL 225
CHIU, Marcus YL 218
CHIU, Sammy WS 223, 224
CHIU, Sung Nok 158, 159
CHIU, Warren 226
CHOI, Martin MF 137, 138
CHOW, Bik Chu 207, 208, 212
CHOW, Chuen Ho 187
CHOW, Chun Shing 187
CHOW, Kai Wing 200
CHOW, Kwok Ching 2
CHU, Chuan I 159
CHU, Cindy YY 196
CHU, LM 123
CHU, Leonard 111
CHU, Yiu Wai 2, 3
CHUNG, Pak Kwong 209, 212, 214
CHUNG, Stephanie PY 202
CLEGG, Jeremy 76
COHEN, LF 174
COLEMAN, Christopher B 18
DANDURAND, Lawrence 92
DE LEON, Corinna 90
DICKINSON, John R 95
DING, Xueqin 206
DISSANAYAKE, Wimal 14

319
DONG, Zhe 16 DRAPER, Paul R 80 DU, Youliang 54
EBER, Irene 203
EBRAHIMI, Bahman P 86, 89
EDWARDS, Peter G 146
ELLIOTT, Charles W 104, 105
EPSTEIN, Stephan 227
ESTON, Roger G 215
FAN, Chi Wai 6
FAN, Kwok 15
FAN, Wen Mei 7
FANG, Kai Tai 160, 161, 162
FENG, Shaolei 227
FOOK, Noel YM 93, 94, 95
FRANCESCO, Anne Marie 86, 87
FU, Frank HK 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215
FUNG, Alex CW 185
FUNG, Alexander KW 75, 77
FUNG, Joseph KW 66, 73, 75, 76, 77, 79
FUNG, Lena 185, 210
FUNG, MC 116
FUNG, Victor CK 18, 19
GAO, Li Zhen 133
GAO, Wangzhi 54
GIRARDOT, Norman 52
GONG, Rongdong 227
GREENFIELD, Gerard 219
GROJER, Jan-Erik 90
GU, Ming 176
GU, Xuewu 194
GUO, Liping 16
GUO, Zhigang 190
GUO, Zhongshi 108
HICKERNELL, Fred J 161, 162
HILDEBRANDT, HW 17
HO, Clara WC 197
HO, Craig YS 34, 35
HO, Eddie KW 180
HO, Wai Chung 18, 19, 20 HOBERMAN, Jerome 20, 21, HU, Bambi 171 HUANG, Chih Lien 227 HUANG, Chin Shih 155 HUANG, Hong Ci 162 HUANG, Yu 108, 109 HUANG, Yue Yuan 11, 13, 91 HUI, Anna NN 181, 182 HUNG, Bill WS 65, 66 HUNG, Tony TN 16	22, 23
IP, King Tak 36	
JERNUDD, Bjorn H 8 JIANG, Li 78, 79 JIANG, Peng 200 JIANG, RF 118 JIN, Zhilin 227	
KAN, Jowie CW 23 KANG, Phee Seng 36, 37, 38, KEENE, Derek 227	39
KEYES, Christopher J 21, 23, KIRBY, David A 97 KLUKA, Darlene 214 KWAN, Kai Man 39, 40, 41 KWOK, James T 149 KWOK, Lanny PP 211 KWOK, Rita HY 219, 220 KWONG, Daniel WJ 147 KWONG, Jenny ML 183 KWONG, Kin Hung 3	24, 25
LAI, Cecilia SY 220 LAI, Gina WF 225, 226, 227 LAI, Jane CC 8 LAI, Suk Yin 139 LAM LEUNG, Suei Yee 136, LAM, Bill CB 215 LAM, Ching Wah 25, 26 LAM, Ernest CM 155 LAM, Kai Yin 200	139, 140

320
LAM, Kin 75, 79
LAM, Peter CB 162
LAM, Rebecca SY 186
LANDRY, Steven P 60, 61, 62
LAU, Alex KL 62, 63
LAU, Peter TY 63
LAU, Sing 181, 182, 183, 184
LAZICH, Michael 203
LEE, Agnus 57
LEE, Albert WM 134, 135, 140, 141
LEE, Alice YL 109
LEE, Betsy YY 95
LEE, Frank SC 142
LEE, Kam Keung 198
LEE, Raymod SK 71
LEONARD, Jane K 203
LEUNG, Alicia SM 81, 88, 89
LEUNG, Beatrice 32
LEUNG, Hi Wun 116
LEUNG, Hon Chu 227
LEUNG, KN 116
LEUNG, Louis ML 142, 143, 144, 172, 173
LEUNG, Mary 217
LEUNG, Mee Lee 213, 214
LEUNG, SC 156
LEUNG, Wing Nang 114, 115, 117
LEUNG, Yiu Wing 150
LI, Cheung 23
LI, Chi Kei 214
LI, Duan 164
LI, Eddie Herbert 165
LI, Runhai 227
LI, Si Ming 188
LI, Sung Ko 64, 68
LIAO, Li Zhi 162, 163, 164, 166
LIM, Pui Kong 172
LIU, Jiahe 49
LIU, Jiming 150, 151, 155
LIU, Qinglong 224
LIU, Sandra SM 94, 95, 96
LO, Kwai Cheung 8, 9
LO, Susanna 84
LO,Wai 176
LOBEL, Thalma 183 LOMANOV, Alexander 203 LOTTER, Christopher 194 LOUIE, Lobo HT 208, 212, 215, 216, 217 LU, Dan Huai 17 LU, Hanlong 226 LU, Yuan 98
MA, Hing Keung 74, 184
MA, Hong 156
MACKENZIE, Clayton G 10
MAK, Billy SC 80
MAK, Hing Yin 152
MAK, Nai Ki 115, 116, 124
MAK, Ricardo KS 199, 200
MALLARD, Andrew P 152
MAN, Eva KW 41, 42, 43
MANCHESTER, Paula 46
MEISSNER, Werner 193
MICALLEF, Joseph 165
MO, Pak Hung 66
MOK, Henry MK 76
MOK, Henry TK 220, 221
MOLCHANOV, Ilya 159
NAIDU, GM 91
NG, Ching Fai 131, 132, 133, 136, 139
NG, John SK 16
NG, Joseph K 150, 152, 153, 154, 155
NG, Krates HN 16
NG, Petrus YN 217, 222
NG, Suk Tin 3
NG, Sze Kui 164
NG, Ying Chu 67, 68, 88
NG, Yu Kwan 44, 45
NIP, Joyce YM 110
OBENCHAIN, Diane 54
OWEN, R Bemhart 189
PAAU, Danny SL 199, 200, 201, 202
PALMER, Adrian 93
PALMQUIST, Stephen R 45, 46, 47, 48

321
PENG, Kang 114 PFISTER, Lauren F
49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 203
POWERS, John H 105, 106, 107
PRENDERGAST, Gerard 96
PUN, Kam Wah 218
QI, Hou Duo 163

RANSON, Brian HA 227
RUIDL, Richard A 107
RUSKIN, Hillel 185
Ryan, Michael J 26, 27
SEIDELMANN, Reimund 194
SELMER, Jan 89, 90
SHAO, Dongfang 49
SHEK, Daniel TL 184
SHI, Xinping 80, 81
SHI, Yi Zheng 81, 96, 98
SHIU, Kwok Keung 145, 146, 147
SHIU, Wai Chee 162, 165
SHU, Wen 227
SHUTES, RBE 122
SIN, Wai Man 3
SIU, Wai Sum 97
SIU, Yat Ming 188
SIVAN, Atara 185
SO, May Ling 117
SO, Shu Kong 143, 144, 172, 173
SO, Stella HH 61
STAMBLER, Peter L 10
STARR, J Barton 202
SU, Bao Lin 131
TAM, Kwok Kan 14
TAM, Vicky CW 186
TANG, Gary 218
TANG, Gordon YN 80, 82
TANG, Lei Han 174, 175
TANG, Shu Hung 69
TANG, Tong Bor 176, 177
TANG, Wing Shing 188
TANG, Yuan Yan 155, 156, 157 TIAN, GS 174 TICKOO, Asha K 11 TING, Wai 194, 195 TO, Yiu Ming 110 TONG, Chong Sze 162, 165 TONG, Christopher SP 66, 70 TONG, Michael CF 115 TONG, Tom KK 211 TSANG, Shu Ki 69 TSUN, Angela OK 222, 223	
UN, Ka-man 167, 168	
VVEDENSKY, DD 174	
WAINWRIGHT, Mark 115 WALLS, Andrew F 50 WAN, Choi 226 WAN, Julia, WS 181 WANG, Xianming 227 WEI, Gang 160 WESTWOOD, Robert I 81 WONG LEUNG, Margaret YL 114, WONG, Frank BK 78, 83 WONG, Jonathan WC	115
118, 119, 120, 122, 123, 127, WONG, Kong Chu 121 WONG, Koon Kwai 189, 190 WONG, Linda PL 11, 12, 13 WONG, Man Kong 203 WONG, Ming Hung	128
119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124,	125
WONG, Odalia MH 225 WONG, Rick WK 143, 146, 147,	148
WONG, Ricky NS 115, 116, 124, WONG, Tony CK 83 WONG, Victor CW 218, 223, 224 WONG, Yin Lee 200, 204, 205 WOO, Ka Shing 94 WU, Duo 217 WU, William YH 180, 183 WU, Xiaonan 166	125, 129

322
WU, Yong Tang 157	
XIAO, Xiaosui 107, 108 XU, Gualiang 160 XUE, Weimin 160, 162, 166,	167
YAN,Yuk Yee 191 YANG, Junyou 227 YANG, Mildred SM 125, 126,	127
YANG, Suying 11, 13 YAU, Chunying 211 YAU, So Han 23 YE, Dingyi 127, 128 YEE, Herbert S 195 YEUNG, Hing Wing 116 YEUNG, Terence T 194 YIH, Annie KP 27, 28, 29 YIP, Kwok Hung 200 YIP, Terry SH 14 YU, Bei 200 YU, Pan 99 YU, Xu 108, 111 YU, Zhisen 227 YUEN, Pong Chi 150, 158 YUNG, Ken KL 116, 122, 124, 126, 128,	129
ZE, ZH 123 ZETZSCHE, Jost 203 ZHANG, Jianhua 130 ZHANG, Lihua 227 ZHANG, Qingfu 150 ZHANG, Xiaohe 70 ZHANG, ZQ 122 ZHAO, Fusan 54 ZHAO, Simon XB 189, 192 ZHAO, Wei 152, 154, 155 ZHOU, Qiming 192 ZHU, J 109 ZHU, Shi Yao 177, 178 ZHU, Zou Nong 162 ZOU, Qi 131	

香港浸會大學 HONG KONG BAPTIST UNIVERSITY